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Concrete Mix Design for Hot Climates

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Hashiru Jīpu
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41 views37 pages

Concrete Mix Design for Hot Climates

Uploaded by

Hashiru Jīpu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

THERMAL CRACKING

ANALYSIS IN MASS
CONCRETE AND
PREVENTION PRACTICES IN
HOT WEATHER CONDITIONS
DR. FLORANTE D. POSO, JR.
MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

1. REQUIRED MATERIAL
INFORMATION
Gradation, unit weight, specific
gravities, and absorption
capacities of aggregates
2. CHOICE OF SLUMP
MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE
MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

3. MAXIMUM AGGREGATE SIZE


Should not be larger than:
• 1/5 of minimum dimension of structural
members
• 1/3 thickness of slab
• ¾ the clearance of reinforcing bars and forms
MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

3. MAXIMUM AGGREGATE SIZE


 Current thought suggests that a reduced
maximum aggregate size for a given w/c ratio
can achieve higher strengths. Also, in many
areas, the largest available sizes are 3/4 in.
to 1 in
MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

4. ESTIMATION OF MIXING WATER AND AIR CONTENT


MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

4. ESTIMATION OF MIXING WATER AND AIR CONTENT


MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

5. WATER CEMENT RATIO


MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

6. CALCULATION OF CEMENT CONTENT


MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

7. ESTIMATION OF COARSE AGGREGATE CONTENT


MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

7. ESTIMATION OF COARSE AGGREGATE CONTENT


MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

8. ESTIMATION OF FINE AGGREGATE CONTENT


MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

8. ESTIMATION OF FINE AGGREGATE CONTENT


MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

9. ADJUSTMENT OF MOISTURE IN THE AGGREGATE


MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE

10. TRIAL BATCH


Using the proportion developed in the preceding steps, mix a
trial batch of concrete using only as much water as is needed to
reach the desired slump (but not exceeding the w/c ratio)
CONCRETE :
MANUFACTURING, TEST, AND
PLACING
CONCRETE MANUFACTURING AND POURING

Step 1 – Preparation and Step 2 – Mixing


storage of materials Step 3 – Transporting to work
• Aggregates site
• Cement Step 4 – Placing and
• Water compacting
• Admixtures Step 5 - Curing
PLACING OF CONCRETE
SHOULD:
• Started along perimeter at one end
• Each batch should be placed against the previously dispatched concrete
SHOULD NOT:
• Place concrete in different locations and work them together
• Place large amount (pile) of concrete in one location then move
horizontally to final position
COMPACTING OF
CONCRETE

 concrete
vibrator is used to eliminate
honeycomb (entrapped air)
 Internal Vibrator – placed inside the
concrete form
 External Vibrator – placed outside the
concrete form. Suitable for thin sections
when internal vibrators is not applicable
CONCRETE CURING

• Maintaining enough moisture and temperature at early age


of concrete to attain the required strength.
IMPORTANCE OF CONCRETE CURING

 Predictable strength gain


At high temperature – strength at early age can be
achieved fast but it will reduce strength at later
stage
At low temperature – attaining early strength is
slow that can cause delay
IMPORTANCE OF CONCRETE CURING

 Improved durability
Increase hardness, and surface wear and abrasion
resistance
Improved water tightness that prevents
penetration of moisture and water-borne chemicals
 Better serviceability and appearance
SYSTEM TO KEEP CONCRETE WET
• Burlap or cotton mats and rugs used with a soaker
hose and sprinkler. Should not be dry out to prevent
moisture absorption from concrete
• Straw sprinkled with water regularly
• Sprinkling in continuous basis
• Ponding of water
MOISTURE RETAINING MATERIALS
• Liquid membrane
• Plastic sheets
• Waterproof paper
CONTROL OF TEMPERATURE
 In cold weather
 concrete should not cool faster than 3oC per
hour for the 1st 24 hours
 should not freeze until it reaches compressive
strength of 3.5 Mpa
 use curing methods that retain moisture
CONTROL OF TEMPERATURE
 In hot weather
 concrete should not cool faster than 3oC
per hour for the 1st 24 hours at day and
night extreme temperature
use curing methods that keep concrete wet
QUALITY TESTING OF CONCRETE
 Destructive Testing
 test until concrete fails
Non-destructive Testing
 test without destroying concrete
DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF
CONCRETE

 Compressive strength test


 Splitting tensile strength test
 Flexural strength test
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF CONCRETE
 Penetration method
 Rebound hammer method
 Pull-out test method
 Ultrasonic pulse velocity method
Radioactive method
PRECAST CONCRETE
 Concrete casted in a place other than
where it will be used
 Mostly casted in factory
 Sometimes casted on-site such as tilt-up
panels
ADVANTAGES OF PRECAST CONCRETE
 Control
 Less expensive
 Easy installation
 Top quality and durability
 Noise reduction
 Fire proof
Aesthetic
ADMIXTURES
 Concrete ingredients other than cement,
water, and aggregates that are added to
the mix immediately before or during
mixing
 Classified according to functions such as:
air-entraining, water reducing, retarding,
accelerating, plasticizers, and other
specialty function .
ADMIXTURES (ACI 212.3)

 Air-entraining – use to
purposely place microscopic air
bubbles for air-entrained concrete
 Water reducing – use to meet
required slump with reduce water
(w/c ratio) thus resulting to higher
strength
ADMIXTURES
 Retarding – it slows down concrete’s
setting rate to balance the accelerating effect
of hot temperature
 Accelerating – increase rate of early
strength development, lessen time for proper
curing and protection for faster operation
ADMIXTURES
 Plasticizers – Making concrete more
workable
 Corrosion inhibiting – specialty
admixture used to slow down corrosion
of steel reinforcement

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