STANDARD FOUR

TERM I

VOLUME 2

MATHEMATICS
SCIENCE
SOCIAL SCIENCE

NOT FOR SALE

Untouchability is Inhuman and a Crime

A Publication Under
Free Textbook Programme of
Government of Tamilnadu

Department of School Education

 , 2017
( Published under Uniform System of School Education Scheme in Trimester Pattern )

ii
 CONTENTS

MATHEMATICS (1 - 72)

Lesson Topic Page No.

1. Around You 3
2. Knowing Numbers 19
3. Addition And Subtraction 36
4. Measuring Length 51
5. Weighing Objects 61
‘I can, I did’ 72

SCIENCE (73 - 132)

Lesson Topic Page No.

1. Food from Plants 75

2. Special senses of animals 86
3. Insects 100
4. Visit to a Farm 112
5. Human Body 122
‘I can, I did’ 132

iii
 SOCIAL SCIENCE (133 - 180)

Lesson Topic Page No.

1. Wonders in the sky 135

2. Home planet 142
3. Earth’s gift 151
4. An elephant speaks 160
5. The freedom struggle 169
‘I can, I did’ 180

iv
MATHEMATICS

MATHEMATICS
IV STANDARD
Term I

1
 What these Icons stand for!

Revision
Practice
MATHEMATICS

Puzzle Project

Oral sums

Lab activity

2
1 AROUND YOU
SHAPES AND FIGURES
Observe the following pictures.

MATHEMATICS
Identify and write the names of the pictures that have the
following shapes.

Pentagon - Front view of the house.

3
 Interesting facts

When people construct buildings, they use different shapes,

because every shape has special characteristics that are best
suited for a particular purpose.

A circle has curved line segment.

Other shapes like triangle, square, rectangle and
pentagon have line segments.

Line segment Curved line segment

MATHEMATICS

Colour the shapes

4
Squares

Squares are
formed
using the
matchsticks

S R

H G
Squares are
formed D C
by the line

MATHEMATICS
segments
A B E F P Q
figure (1) figure (2) figure (3)

In figure (1) ›› A, B, C and D are corners.

›› AB, BC, CD and DA are the sides.
›› AC and BD are the diagonals.
›› All sides are equal.

AB = BC = CD = DA

A square has four corners and four sides. All sides are equal.

Practice
Name the corners, sides and diagonals for the figure (2)
and figure (3).

5
 Rectangle

Rectangles
are formed
using the
matchsticks

K J O N
Rectangles
are formed
by the line
H I
segments L M
MATHEMATICS

figure (1) figure (2)

In figure (1) ›› H, I, J and K are corners.

›› HI, IJ, JK and KH are the sides.

›› HJ and IK are the diagonals.

›› Opposite sides are equal.

HI = JK IJ = KH

A rectangle has four corners and four sides.

Its opposite sides are equal.

Practice

Name the corners, sides and diagonals for the figure (2).

6
Triangle

Triangles
are formed
using the
matchsticks

R L
C M
Triangles are
formed
by the line
segments A B P Q K
figure (1) figure (2) figure (3)

MATHEMATICS
In figure (1) ›› A, B and C are corners.
›› AB, BC and CA are the sides.

A triangle has three corners and three sides.
Practice
Name the corners and sides for the figure (2) and figure (3)

Lab activity
Use the following dots to draw different triangles, each triangle
should be different from the others.
1) 2) 3)

4) 5) 6)

7
 Pentagon

Pentagons
are formed
using the
matchsticks

N
S
D
Pentagons T R O M
are formed E C
by the line
segments
A B P Q K L
figure (1) figure (2) figure (3)
MATHEMATICS

In figure (1)  A, B, C, D and E are corners.

 AB, BC, CD, DE and EA are the sides.

A pentagon has five corners and five sides.

Practice
1) Name the corners and sides for the figure (2) and figure (3).

2) Shade the pentagons by different colours.

8
3) Connect the dots to form shapes and colour them.

MATHEMATICS
Drawing circle

Draw a circle in each of the following boxes.

Use a coin Use a bangle Use a bottle cap

9
 Freehand drawing of a circle

I am going to draw a circle by using

a piece of string and pencil.

O.K, how will you do?

Very simple. Let me show, look here...

€€ Tie one end of the string with a

pencil and another end with a pin.
Radius
€€ Press the pin in the paper and keep
MATHEMATICS

a finger on its top. O

€€ Rotate the pencil till a circle is

formed.
The touching point of the pin and the paper at ‘O’ is called
the centre of the circle. The length of the string is
the radius of the circle.

Practice
Using a string, without changing the centre, draw three
circles with different lengths of string. You will get the
diagram as given below.

10
 Lab activity

Finding centre and radius by paper folding.

 Draw a circle in a paper.  Cut the circle.


 Fold the circle into half.  Then fold it again like this.

MATHEMATICS
 Now open the foldings.
The two creased lines cross each other.

O B
Diameter
C
O
R
ad
iu
s

A
Two creased lines meet at a point OA = Radius of the circle
O, is the centre of the circle. BC = Diameter of the circle

The line segment joining any two points on the boundary

of the circle, which is passing through the centre of the
circle is called diameter.

11
 Practice

1) With the help of your ruler, measure the radius of the following
circle.
Q

A
O
P

Radius = OA = 2cm

Radius = PQ =
MATHEMATICS

2) Draw the radius for the following circles and measure them.

12
 About compass

€€I am a compass.

Pivot arm
Movable arm €€I have two arms.

€€One arm has the steel end,

Screw called pivot arm.
Steel end
Pencil €€Movable arm has a screw
to fix a pencil.

MATHEMATICS
Drawing a circle with a compass

‘‘ Take a radius of 4cm

using the ruler.
‘‘ Fix the pivot point on the
paper.
‘‘ Rotate the pencil point till
the circle is formed.

Practice

Draw circles using compass for the given radius.

1) 4 cm 2) 5 cm 3) 3 cm 4) 6 cm

13
 Geometric shapes with tangrams

Tangram is a thousand years

old chinese puzzle. It consists of
seven geometrical pieces called
tans, which are put together to
form shapes. Using tans we can
create different patterns, geometric
designs, human beings, birds and
animals.

Different shapes using tangram

MATHEMATICS

Practice
Tangram pieces are arranged into a picture of a man.

14
Arrange the tangram pieces

1)

2)

MATHEMATICS
3)

15
 Tiling

Observe the following pictures.

Brick wall Chess board

Beehive Floor tiles
MATHEMATICS

The above pictures are formed by arranging different

tiles without gaps and over laps.

Tiling the space with one or two shapes

This space is filled by triangle shapes

16
This space is filled by two shapes

Practice
Select the two suitable shapes and tile the
space given below.

MATHEMATICS
1)

2)

3)

17
 Revision

1) Count and write the number of

squares and rectangles.

Number of squares ____ Number of rectangles ____

2) Count and write the number of
rectangles and triangles.

Number of triangles ____ Number of rectangles ____

MATHEMATICS

3) Count the number of triangles
and pentagons.

Number of triangles ____ Number of pentagons ____

4) A square and a rectangle have ____ sides and ____ corners.

5) A ___________ has 5 sides and 5 corners.
6) ___________ sides of a rectangle are equal.
7) The line joining centre point and any point on the boundary of
the circle is called ___________.
8) The line segment joining any two points on the boundary of
the circle, which is passing through the centre of the circle is
called ___________.
9) Create two shapes using tangrams.

18
2 KNOWING NUMBERS
Uma and Deepa are friends.
One day Deepa visited Uma’s Palar 370 km

house. Deepa noticed a Tamilnadu

Then
penn
map hanging on the wall. Gad
ilam
ai 40
0 km
112
k m
Deepa read the names of
Kaver
i 765 k
the rivers from the map, Uma m

read the length of the rivers.

Deepa read “Thamirabharani”. Vaig

MATHEMATICS
a i 24
0 km
Uma said, “130 km”. Tham
irabh
arani
130 k
m

Fill up the following table.

Expanded
Length of the rivers Numerals Number name
form
One hundred
Thamirabharani 130 km. 130 100 + 30+0
and thirty

Vaigai 240 km. 240

Kaveri 765 km.

Gadilam 112 km.

Thenpennai 400 km.

Palar 370 km.

19
 Use abacus to express the numbers

Chitra and Jothi are sisters. They are playing with the beads in

an abacus. Jothi asked Chitra to put the beads for the number 999.

Chitra placed successfully.

Th H T O Th H T O
9 9 9 1 0 0 0
MATHEMATICS

Can you put one more bead? asked Chitra. Jothi observed the
abacus from ‘ones’ place to ‘thousands’ place. She removed all the
beads and placed one bead in the ‘thousands’ place because,
10 ones = 1 ten 10 tens = 1 hundred 10 hundreds = 1 thousand

999 + 1 = 1000. We read it as One thousand

Comparing the two numbers 999 and 1000

 999 has 3 digits, 1000 has 4 digits.

 1000 has 0 in ones, tens and hundreds places.

 999 has 9 in ones, tens and hundreds places.

 The greatest 3 digit number is 999.

 The smallest 4 digit number is 1000.

20
 Practice

1) Fill up the boxes.

9+ 1 = 10 10 + 1 = 11 10 - 1 = 9
99 + 1 = 100 + 1 = 100 - 1 =
999 + = 1000 1000 + =1001 1000 - = 999

2) Write the numbers shown in the following abacus.

MATHEMATICS
Th H T O Th H T O Th H T O
3 3 2 2

3322

Th H T O Th H T O Th H T O

21
 3) Draw beads for the number shown in the following abacus.

Th H T O Th H T O Th H T O
5 2 7 3 8 1 5 2 6 0 7 4

4) Write the missing numbers.

MATHEMATICS

1001 1002 1005 1009

2005 2010 2030 2050

3010 3020 3070

4020 4040 4160 4200

5050 5100 5450

6100 6200 6900

7200 7400 8600 9000

5000 5500 8000

9990 9991 9995 9998

1000 2000 5000 10000

The greatest four digit number is 9999

22
Read the following sentences.

™™ Thirukkural has 1330 Kurals.

™™ The depth of Indian ocean is 7258 metres.
™™ Commonwealth games were held in New Delhi in 2010.

Shall we read the numbers ?

1330 - One thousand three hundred and thirty

7258 - Seven thousand two hundred and fifty eight

2010 - Two thousand and ten

Place value

1 3 3 0 digit place place value

MATHEMATICS
0 × 1 = 0 = 0 ones
3 × 10 = 30 = 3 tens
3 × 100 = 300 = 3 hundreds
Th H T O
1 3 3 0 1 × 1000 = 1000 = 1 thousand

7 2 5 8
8 × 1= 8 = 8 ones
5 × 10 = 50 = 5 tens
2 × 100 = 200 = 2 hundreds
Th H T O
7 2 5 8
7 × 1000 = 7000 = 7 thousands

2 0 1 0

0 × 1 = 0 = 0 ones
1 × 10 = 10 = 1 ten

Th H T O
0 × 100 = 0 = 0 hundreds
2 0 1 0
2 × 1000 = 2000 = 2 thousands

23
 Expanded form

Number: 4325

Number name:

Four thousand three hundred and twenty five

Th H T O
4 3 2 5 Expanded form: 4325 = 4000 + 300 + 20 + 5

Practice

1) Write the place value of the encircled digits.

MATHEMATICS

8 3 4 5 - The place value of 8 is 8 thousands

2 7 5 1 - _________________________

3 2 6 8 - _________________________

9 0 0 4 - _________________________

1 9 7 4 - _________________________

5 4 3 0 - _________________________

2) Write number, number name and expanded form for the

beads in the abacus.

Th H T O Th H T O

24
3) Form the numbers using number cards.

e I shall write the

s h a l l arrangr numbers.
I mbe
the nus. .
card 50 7
5 800
5000
200 1000 4
3 1000
10 80
2000 60 400 300
900 30
0 3 4000
600 1
3000 300 9000
40 90 2
60 6000
6 70 9
4000 8 20 900
700
5 8000
50 200 500
7000 2

MATHEMATICS
Balu arranges the number cards Velu writes the
according to place value. corresponding numbers.
Will you help them?
2000 + 200 + 30 + 5 = 2235
1000 + 300 + 10 + 8 =
8000 + + 60 + 6 = 8066
4000 + 400 + 40 + 4 =
5000 + + + 3 = 5503

Balu writes the numbers. Velu arranges the number cards.

9687 = 9000 + + + 7

6722 = + 700 + 20 + 2

4359 = 4000 + + 50 +

3970 = + 900 + 70 +

8001 = + + + 1

25
 Formation of the greatest and the smallest number

In which order they should stand to form the greatest 4 digit

number?
In 4, 6, 9, 2 the greatest digit is 9
In 4, 6, 2 the greatest digit is 6
In 4 and 2, 4 is greater than 2
In 4, 6, 9, 2 the smallest digit is 2
MATHEMATICS

They stand from the greatest digit to smallest digit.

Now the number formed is 9642

This is the greatest 4 digit number, using the given digits.

In the same way in which order they should stand to form the
smallest 4 digit number?

In 4, 6, 9, 2 the smallest digit is 2

In 4, 6, 9 the smallest digit is 4
In 6 and 9, 6 is smaller than 9
In 4, 6, 9, 2 the greatest digit is 9

26
 They stand from the smallest digit to the greatest digit.

Now the number formed is 2469

This is the smallest 4 digit number formed from the given digits.
The greatest number is 9642
The smallest number is 2469

Practice

MATHEMATICS
1) Form the greatest and the smallest 4 digit number.

Digits Greatest Number Smallest Number

0,4,2,8 8420 2048
3,7,4,9
9,3,6,5
5,0,1,7
2) Pick out the smaller number, greater number and compare them
using > or <.

Numbers Smaller Number Greater Number use > or <

4910, 3618 3618 4910 3618 < 4910

2897, 5110
2375, 5732
8000, 6070

27
 Ascending order and Descending order

Look at the marks scored by four students in XII Standard Examination.

Velu Jayashree Anandan Radhika

992 1187 1074 1126

Of these four marks, 992 is the lowest mark as 992 has 3 digits.

992 is the smallest of these numbers.

But the other three marks are 4 digit numbers.
First compare the digits in the ‘thousands’ place.
1187 1074 1126
MATHEMATICS

All the three numbers have 1 in the ‘thousands’ place.

So, compare the digits in the ‘hundreds’ place.

1187 1074 1126
1187, 1126 has 1 in the ‘hundreds’ place.
1074 has 0 in the ‘hundreds’ place.
1187
So 1074 is smaller than 1187 and 1126. 1187
1126 1126
dec
g

Now compare the digits in the ‘tens’ place. 107

4
in

1074
eas

rea

992 992
1187 1126
sing
incr

1187 has 8 tens, 1126 has 2 tens.

So 1126 is smaller than 1187.

1187 is the greatest number.

28
 Ascending order 992, 1074, 1126, 1187

Descending order 1187, 1126, 1074, 992

Arranging the numbers from the smallest to the greatest

is called ascending order and from the greatest to the
smallest is called descending order.

Practice

1) Arrange the measurement of the heights in ascending order

and descending order.

MATHEMATICS
Kalvarayan Aanai Malai Doddabetta
Height Nilgiri Peak
Hills Hills Peak
in
metres 914 2474 2695 2637

Ascending order

Descending order

2) Arrange the numbers in ascending order and descending

order.

1) 8000, 4105, 7400, 3050 2) 6345, 6789, 9876, 4567

3) 4248, 1375, 5615, 1360 4) 1178, 1068, 1368, 1278

5) 7800, 5300, 8800, 6400 6) 4999, 1809, 4959, 2829

29
 Odd numbers and Even numbers

564
50
871 630 529
32
43 21 456
67 15 267

99 352
86 398
78 635
44 433
MATHEMATICS

From the above coloured numbers write odd numbers and

even numbers.

Odd ______, ______, ______, ______, ______,

numbers
______, ______, ______, ______, ______.

Even ______, ______, ______, ______, ______,

numbers
______, ______, ______, ______, ______.

The digits in the ‘ones’ place for odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9

The digits in the ‘ones’ place for even numbers are 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8

To identify whether the given number is odd or even,

it is enough to look at the digit in ‘ones’ place.

30
 Practice

Identify the odd and even numbers. Fill them in flowers

given below.

2765 4862 5047 4751 6404 3006

8354 7298 9433 8450 1239 5237

Arrange the odd numbers in

ascending order.

MATHEMATICS
Odd
numbers

Arrange the even numbers in

descending order.

Even
numbers

31
 Project

Complete the table.

Family members Name Year of Birth

My name
Father
Mother
Grandfather
Grandmother

Write the numbers from the above table and answer the following
questions.
MATHEMATICS

 Write the number names.

 Write in expanded form.
 Write the place value of each digit in the numbers.
 Arrange the numbers in ascending and descending order.

Puzzle
I am a 4 digit number.

My ‘ones’ place is 3.

Digit in ‘tens’ place is 2 more than in ‘ones’ place.

Digit in ‘hundreds’ place is 1 less than in ‘tens’ place.

Digit in ‘thousands’ place is 3 more than in ‘hundreds’ place.

I am

32
 Estimation in numbers

Look at the apples,
without counting say approximately,

how many apples are there ?

Approximately 30 apples.

Your answer is close to actual number.

But actual number of apples kept in the
basket is 28.

MATHEMATICS

What do you learn from the above conversation ?

We use estimation for counting in our daily life.

Estimation using number line

Estimation (round off) of numbers to the nearest 10

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

 22 is rounded off to 20 since it is close to 20

 29 is rounded off to 30 since it is close to 30
 25 is rounded off to 30 since it is half way between 20 and 30

We can estimate the number more easily by using number line.

33
 Estimation (round off) of numbers from 91 to 99 to the nearest 10

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

 95 is rounded off to 100 since it is halfway between 90 and 100

 98 is rounded off to 100 since it is close to 100
 91 is rounded off to 90 since it is close to 90

Practice
MATHEMATICS

Estimate to the nearest 10.

1) 23 2) 46 3) 54 4) 65

5) 14 6) 35 7) 88 8) 91

9) 76 10) 99 11) 87 12) 94

While rounding off a number check its ‘ones’ place,

if it is 5 or more than 5, round off the number to the next nearest 10.
If it is less than 5, round off the number to the nearest 10.

34
 Revision

1) Write the missing numbers.

(i) 7430, 7440, _____ , _____, _____, _____, _____ , 7500.
(ii) 1300, 1400, _____ , _____, _____, _____, _____ , 2000.
2) Write the number names for the following numbers.
(i) 3906 ____________________________
(ii) 10000 ____________________________
3) Write the numerals for the following.
(i) Four thousand nine hundred and eighty two
(ii) Six thousand two hundred and five
4) Write the place value of the circled digits.

MATHEMATICS
(i) 7 4 5 0 ____________________________
(ii) 3 9 8 5 ____________________________
5) Express the following in the expanded form.
(i) 3 4 6 0 ____________________________
(ii) 9 0 1 7 ____________________________
6) Write the short form of the following numbers.
(i) 5000 + 400 + 30 + 9 =
(ii) 4000 + 0+ 0+4=
7) Write the ascending order and descending order.
8275 8555 8150 8325
8) Encircle the even numbers.
3645 9450 8564 3718 6071
9) Put ‘<’ or ‘>’
(i) 4375 ______ 3747 (ii) 10000 ______ 9999
10) Round off the following numbers to the nearest tens.
(i) 75 (ii) 83 (iii) 94 (iv) 36

35
 3 ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
Addition
MATHEMATICS

400 310 75 320 450 315 350 250 30 300

Four vendors went to a coconut grove to buy coconuts. Each
one needed 700 coconuts. Help them to select the heaps.
First vendor Second vendor Third vendor Fourth vendor
350
320 400
+ 30 + 300
700 700 700 700
Write the missing numbers in the magic squares for the given total.

Total 45 Total 210 Total 165

16 11 18 80 30 65 15

17 15 13 90 70 50 75 55 35

12 19 14 110 60 95

36
Fill in the boxes.

0 + 1= 1 2 + 4 = 6 4 + 5 = 9 = 5 +
1 + 0= 4 + 2 = 5 + 3 = 8 = + 5
2 + 0= 2 0 + 0 = 0 2 + 6 = 8 = 6 +
0 + 2= 0 + 3 = 7 + 2 = 9 = + 7

The sum of any number and zero is the number itself.

The sum of two numbers does not change even if we
change the order of the numbers.

Practice
H T O
1) H T O
2) H T O
3) 4) H T O
3 2 4 6 0 0 5 3 6 7 0 2
+ 5 7 5 + 2 3 2 + 3 0 1 + 2 1 4

MATHEMATICS
Addition without carrying
1) A library has 3242 story books and 435 rhymes Story books Rhymes books

books. Find the total number of books.

Solution:
To find the total number of books,
we have to add the number of story books
and rhymes books.
Th H T O
Number of story books = 3 2 4 2 = 3000 + 200 + 40 + 2
Number of rhymes books = + 4 3 5 = 400 + 30 + 5
Total number of books = 3 6 7 7 = 3000 + 600 + 70 + 7

Total number of books in the library = 3677

Another method:
Steps
Th H T O
* Add ones
3 2 4 2
* Add tens
+ 4 3 5 * Add hundreds
3 6 7 7 * Add thousands

37
 2) A factory produced 1154 bags of fertilizer on
the first day and 2832 bags on the second day.
Find the total number of bags of fertilizer.
Solution:
Fertilizer produced on first day = 1154
Fertilizer produced on second day = + 2832
Total number of bags of fertilizer = 3986

3986 bags of fertilizer are produced.

Practice

1)
Th H T O 2)
Th H T O 3) Th H T O
2 4 6 3 2 2 0 4 4 5 0 2
+ 4 2 3 0 + 3 4 8 5 + 5 3 0 4
MATHEMATICS

Th H T O
4) Th H T O
5) 6) Th H T O
8 4 1 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 2 1
+ 1 0 6 7 + 4 0 0 0 + 2 3 7 4

7) In a factory 3850 persons worked in the first shift

and 3106 persons worked in the second shift.
Find the total number of persons.
8) In a function 2274 people had breakfast and 3015 people had
lunch. Find the total number of people in the function.

Recall and write

10 ones = 1 ten 36 tens = 3 hundreds 6 tens
70 ones = ___________ 29 tens = ___________________
25 ones = 2 tens 5 ones 10 hundreds = 1 thousand
43 ones = ___________ 40 hundreds = ___________________
10 tens = 1 hundred 78 hundreds = 7 thousands 8 hundreds
50 tens = ___________ 64 hundreds = ___________________

38
Addition with carrying

Balaji and Ramji bought two mobiles.

The cost of mobiles are ` 2495 and
` 1628 respectively. Find the total cost
of the mobiles.
Solution:
Cost of Balaji’s mobile = ` 2495
Cost of Ramji’s mobile = ` 1628
To find out the total cost, add the cost of the mobiles.

Th H T O Step 1
1 Add the ones
2 4 9 5 5 ones + 8 ones = 13 ones
+ 1 6 2 8 13 ones = 1 ten 3 ones
Write 3 under the ones place
3

MATHEMATICS
Carry 1 to tens place
Th H T O Step 2
Add the tens
1 1
2 4 9 5 1 ten + 9 tens + 2 tens = 12 tens
+ 1 6 2 8 12 tens = 1 hundred 2 tens
Write 2 under the tens place
2 3
Carry 1 to hundreds place
Th H T O Step 3
Add the hundreds
1 1 1
1 hundred + 4 hundreds + 6 hundreds =11 hundreds
2 4 9 5
11 hundreds = 1 thousand 1 hundred
+ 1 6 2 8
Write 1 under the hundreds place
1 2 3
Carry 1 to thousands place

Th H T O Step 4
1 1 1 Add the thousands
2 4 9 5 1 thousand +2 thousands+1 thousand = 4 thousands
+ 1 6 2 8 Write 4 under the thousands place
4 1 2 3
Total cost of 2 mobiles is ` 4123

39
 Practice

1) Th H T O 2) Th H T O 3) Th H T O
4 3 2 7 2 7 4 5 3 5 4 6
+ 2 8 6 2 + 5 4 6 3 + 4 6 8 7

4) Th H T O 5) Th H T O 6) Th H T O
5 3 6 9 4 2 5 9 3 0 9 4
+ 3 2 4 3 + 3 8 3 5 + 4 6 3 8

7) In a circus 2625 persons visited the noon

show, and 3768 persons visited the night
show. Find the total number of persons.
MATHEMATICS

8) In a mango grove, 1243 malgova, 2132

sendura and 2644 neelam mangoes were
plucked from mango trees. Find the total
number of mangoes plucked.
Lab activity

1) Fill up the addition chain

40
00

25
00

15
00

8000

2) Take two sets of number cards from 0 to 9. Using the number cards
form eight 4 digit numbers. Take two numbers at a time and add.

40
Subtraction

Relation between addition and subtraction.

253

623

623 253 876

253

‘‘ Look at the numbers in the diagram.

623
‘‘ 876 is in the middle.
‘‘ 876 is written as the addition of two numbers.

MATHEMATICS
‘‘ Every addition has two subtractions.

Write the missing numbers by subtraction.

876
451 516 – 623
253
253

605 623
876
500 175

251 364

41
 Subtraction without grouping
Bharath purchased an aircooler and a water
heater for his house. The total cost is ` 8965.
Find the cost of water heater, if the cost of the
air cooler is ` 4650.

Solution:
Total cost of the air cooler and the water heater = ` 8965
Cost of the air cooler = ` 4650
The cost of water heater = ` 8965 – ` 4650

Step 1
Th H T O Subtract the ones
8 9 6 5
MATHEMATICS

5 ones – 0 ones = 5 ones

- 4 6 5 0 Write 5 in the ones place.
5
Step 2
Th H T O
Subtract the tens
8 9 6 5
6 tens – 5 tens = 1 ten.
- 4 6 5 0
Write 1 in the tens place.
1 5
Step 3
Th H T O
Subtract the hundreds
8 9 6 5
9 hundreds – 6 hundreds = 3 hundreds.
- 4 6 5 0
Write 3 in the hundreds place.
3 1 5

Step 4
Th H T O
Subtract the thousands
8 9 6 5
8 thousands – 4 thousands = 4 thousands.
- 4 6 5 0
Write 4 in the thousands place.
4 3 1 5
The cost of water heater is ` 4315.

42
 Practice

1) 9865 2) 7650 3) 4030 4) 8897

– 2334 – 2310 – 2010 – 3405

5) 8743 6) 7329 7) 9000 8) 5678

– 1212 – 2018 – 7000 – 2400

9) Population of a village is 8625. Of them 4314

MATHEMATICS
are working in fields. Find the remaining
population.

10) Number of vehicles parked in a

shed is 2448. If 1236 vehicles
are taken out, calculate the
vehicles left in the shed.

11) A car manufacturing company

produced 2680 cars. 1570 cars
are sold. How many cars are
left in the company?

43
 Subtraction with grouping
There were 8260 tea packets in a van.
Of these 6984 tea packets were sold
out. Find the remaining tea packets.
Solution:
Tea packets in the van = 8260
Sold tea packets = 6984
Remaining tea packets = 8260 – 6984

Th H T O Step 1
5 10 Subtract the ones

8 2 6 0 4 cannot be subtracted from 0
- 6 9 8 4 Take 1 ten from 6 tens, (we get 1 ten =10 ones)
6 10 ones – 4 ones = 6 ones
MATHEMATICS

Step 2
Th H T O
Subtract the tens
1 15 10
8 cannot be subtracted from 5
8 2 6 0
Take 1hundred from 2 hundreds,
- 6 9 8 4
(1hundred = 10 tens) and adding with 5 tens
7 6 we get 15 tens – 8 tens = 7 tens

Th H T O Step 3
7 11 15 10 Subtract the hundreds

8 2 6 0 9 cannot be subtracted from 1
- 6 9 8 4 Take 1 thousand from 8 thousands,
2 7 6 (1 thousand = 10 hundreds) adding with 1 hundred
we get 11 hundreds – 9 hundreds = 2 hundreds

Th H T O Step 4
7 11 15 10
Subtract the thousands
8 2 6 0
7 thousands – 6 thousands = 1 thousand
- 6 9 8 4
1 2 7 6 The remaining tea packets = 1276

44
 Practice

1) Th H T O 2) Th H T O 3) Th H T O 4) Th H T O

5 2 8 6 7 3 4 5 9 2 5 6 8 5 6 3
- 3 4 5 2 - 2 6 5 2 - 4 6 7 8 - 3 7 6 8

5) Th H T O 6) Th H T O 7) Th H T O 8) Th H T O

5 0 5 0 7 0 6 4 6 4 0 0 6 0 0 0
- 2 2 4 0 - 3 4 3 7 - 2 1 2 0 - 2 1 5 0

H K W D R O R A

MATHEMATICS
2810 4795 1834 3850 4280 4693 4578 3627

Write the letters for the answers from 1 to 8

in the box and read.

9) The sum of two numbers is 3527. If one number is 2685, find the
other number.

10) 2456 passengers travelled in a train. Of them, 1387 passengers

have reserved their tickets, how many passengers have not
reserved?

11) A lungi merchant bought 6570 lungies. If he was left with 1898
lungies, then how many lungies were sold?

12) In a two wheeler shop 543 vehicles were there during the beginning
of a month. Again 1475 vehicles arrived for the sale. If 1682 vehicles
are sold, how many vehicles are left at the end of the month?

45
 Oral sums

yy Enter the result in the given circles.

yy Add the numbers in each side of the triangle.
1
yy What do you observe?

1) In a street there are 40

houses in the left side and
30 houses in the right side. 9 2
What is the total number of
houses?
8 3
2) In a bus 60 passengers
are sitting and 30
passengers are standing.
MATHEMATICS

How many passengers

are there in the bus? 7 6 5 4

3) In an aeroplane there are 200 passengers and 20 workers.

How many are there in that aeroplane?

4) There are 1000 roses in a flower shop. 300 roses are used to
make garlands. How many roses are left?
5) 30 laddus are issued from 100 laddus. How many laddus are
remaining?

6) 20 boys and 30 girls are studying in a class. What is the total

number of students?

7) A jack fruit has 160 pods in it and another jack fruit has 100 pods.
What is the total number of pods?

8) 700 lemons were bought to prepare pickle. Out of these 200

were used. How many lemons were left?
9) In a shop there were 500 shirts. 250 shirts were sold. How many
shirts were left.
46
Observe the following pictures and frame the problems.

Problem
What is the total
cost of 3 sarees?

` 210 ` 425 ` 830

Problem
25 21
Beads Beads

Problem

MATHEMATICS
30 Eggs 25 Eggs
Problem
There are 70 green grapes and
60 black grapes. How many
green grapes are more than
black grapes?

Problem

20 Biscuits 36 Biscuits
Problem

5 Poories 35 Poories

47
 Estimation in addition and subtraction
Estimation in addition

Balachandar has to travel 14 km by

bus and 18 km by train to reach his
office. Estimate the total distance he
has to travel.

Mode of travel Actual distance Estimated distance

MATHEMATICS

Bus 14 km 10 km

Train 18 km 20 km

Total distance 32 km 30 km

The difference between

actual distance and estimated distance = 32 km – 30 km
Difference = 2 km

Practice

A basket contains 83 kg of tamarind and another basket

contains 46 kg of tamarind. Estimate the total weight of
tamarind. Find the difference between actual weight and
estimated weight.

48
Estimation in subtraction

A goldsmith had 88 g of gold coins. He used

63 g of gold coins to make different patterns
of ornaments. Estimate the weight of gold
coins left with him.

Coins Actual weight Estimated weight

Total 88 g 90 g

Used 63 g 60 g

MATHEMATICS
Left 25 g 30 g

The difference between actual weight and estimated weight

= 30 g – 25 g

Difference = 5 g

Practice

There were 76 kg of cakes in a

bakery shop. In two days 43 kg

were sold. Estimate the weight

of the cakes left.

49
 Revision

Do the sums
1) 3462 2) 2835 3) 3654 4) 1347
+ 2524 + 4124 + 4303 + 6532

5) 2289 6) 3009 7) 2010 8) 1800

+ 7642 + 4006 + 5297 + 3589

9) A company produced 4152 dresses for boys and 2340 dresses

for girls. Find the total number of dresses produced.
MATHEMATICS

10) A factory manufactured 2436 mixies last week and 3527 mixies
this week. How many mixies were manufactured altogether?

11) 8000 12) 5900 13) 6058 14) 7090

– 3000 – 4700 – 2035 – 5040

15) 6437 16) 8942 17) 7826 18) 6243

– 2329 – 3424 – 3918 – 2462

19) A farmer took 6475 bags of carrot to the market. He sold 5243
bags. How many bags of carrot are left?
20) In a school 2238 students went to various educational tours last
year. If 1356 students went to some tours this year, how many more
students went last year?

50
4 MEASURING LENGTH
FANCY STORE

MATHEMATICS
Friends are talking about the stationary items which they have
bought.

What did you buy? I bought hair pin

and pencils.

I bought pencil eraser

which is small in length.

I bought ribbon. It
is longer in length.

Shall we measure
and see...
Pencil, ribbon, cloth etc...
are measured by length.

51
 Measuring tools
Shall we measure
with scale?

Pencil is
10 centimetre
long.
Now can we measure
ribbon by using tape?

MATHEMATICS

The length of the

ribbon is more than the
Is there any other length of the scale.
tools to measure?

We can also use the

tape to measure.

We measure the length of a playground with

a measuring tape.

Length of smaller objects are measured in centimetre

Centimetre can be written as ‘cm’.

52
Take the things given in pictures and write the approximate
and actual length.

1) Length of a chalk = 8 cm

MATHEMATICS
2) Length of a pen =

3) Length of a spoon =

4) Length of a box =

5) Length of a book =

You are 100 cm tall

Relation between metre and centimetre
Yes, my
Archana is measuring her friend’s height. height is
1 metre.

Height is measured in metre.

1 metre = 100 centimetre
Metre can be written as ‘m’.

53
 Conversion of metre into centimetre

Convert 3 m into cm. Convert 6m 20cm into cm

1 m = 100 cm 1 m = 100 cm
3 m = 3 × 100 cm step 1 step 2
3 m = 300 cm
6 m = 6 × 100 cm 600 cm
6 m = 600 cm + 20 cm
Convert 15 m into cm.
1 m = 100 cm
620 cm
15 m = 15 × 100 cm
15 m = 1500 cm 6m 20cm = 620 cm

To change m into cm, multiply by 100

MATHEMATICS

Practice

1) 2m = 200 cm 5) 3m 40cm = 340 cm

2) 5m = _____cm 6) 7m 10cm = ____cm

3) 25 m = 2500 cm 7) 8m 7cm = 807 cm

4) 48 m = _____cm 8) 6m 5cm = ____cm

Conversion of centimetre into metre

Convert 500 cm into m Convert 725 cm into m

100cm = 1m 100cm = 1m
500 ÷ 100 = 5 725cm = 700 cm + 25 cm = 7 m + 25 cm
500cm = 5m 725cm = 7m 25cm

To change cm into m, divide by 100

54
 Practice

1) 200 cm = 2 m 5) 485 cm = 4 m 85 cm

2) 500 cm = ____m 6) 775 cm = ___m ___cm

3) 5700 cm = ____m 7) 970 cm = ___m ___cm

4) 4800 cm = ____m 8) 706 cm = 7 m 6 cm

Addition

12m 75cm + 58m 56cm

Step 1 Step 2
m cm
Add cm Add m

MATHEMATICS
12 75 75 1
+ 58 56 + 56 12

71 31 131cm = 1m 31cm + 58
71 m
12m 75cm + 58m 56cm = 71m 31cm

Practice

Addition

m cm m cm m cm m cm

92 19 22 65 25 60 43 08

+ 83 42 + 97 48 + 56 35 + 27 64

55
 Life related problems

Reena bought 15m 85cm of red ribbon and 28m 50cm of green
ribbon to decorate the hall. What is the total length of the ribbon.
m cm

Length of the red ribbon = 15 85

Length of the green ribbon = + 28 50

Total length of the ribbon = 44 35

Total length of the ribbon is 44m 35cm

Practice

Ashok sold 20m 95cm of cloth to one customer and 11m 35cm
MATHEMATICS

to another customer. Find the total length of the cloth.

Subtraction without conversion

95m 27cm – 46m 18cm
Step 1 Step 2
m cm
subtract cm subtract m
95 27
27 95
− 46 18
− 18 − 46
49 09 9 cm 49 m
95m 27cm − 46m 18cm = 49m 9cm

Practice
m cm m cm m cm m cm
94 84 85 44 95 75 32 28
– 44 12 – 68 29 – 57 36 – 12 09

56
Subtraction with conversion

84m 85cm − 68m 96cm 96 cm cannot be subtracted from

85 cm. So take 1 m from 84 m.
m cm
Step 1 Step 2
84 85
subtract cm subtract m
− 68 96
85 185 83
15 89
– 96 – 96 – 68
89 15

84m 85cm − 68m 96cm = 15m 89cm

Practice

MATHEMATICS
Subraction
m cm m cm m cm m cm
93 29 85 21 98 46 56 18
– 32 65 – 47 75 – 78 89 – 28 37

Life related problems

Dinesh bought 80m 50cm of wire to fence his garden. He used
only 65m 75cm of wire. Find the remaining length of the wire.
m cm

Total length of the wire = 80 50

Length of the wire used = – 65 75

= 14 75

Remaining length of the wire is 14m 75cm

57
 Practice

1) Kannan sold 48m 87cm of curtain cloth from the roll of

95m 75cm. How much is left over?

32m 45cm

65m 20cm

2) Distance between two poles is 65m 20cm. In between the poles

MATHEMATICS

there is a tree which is 32m 45cm away from the first pole. Find
the distance between the tree and the second pole.

One metre is about the

distance from one hand to
other when your arms are
stretched out

Project
Estimate the following distances.

1) Distance between your classroom and the next classroom.

2) Distance between your classroom and playground.

3) Distance between the two poles in a kho - kho ground.

4) Distance between two neighbouring trees in your school.

58
 Lab activity
Look at the route map. The various distance are marked in the
figure.

m 82m
72

46m
55m

87m
79m

MATHEMATICS
Vijay goes to school by walk. While going to school he buys
notebooks from the bookstall.
1) Distance between Vijay’s house and the bookstall is _______

2) From the bookstall he goes to the school. Distance between the

bookstall and the school is __________

3) Total distance covered by him from his house to school is

_________
4) After school he goes to the fruit stall and buys fruits, then he
goes to his house. Distance covered from school to house is
________

5) After reaching home he goes to the park and comes back

home. Total distance covered by him is __________

6) In case if he comes directly from school to his house through

park, then the distance is __________

59
 Revision

Fill in the blanks

1) 1300 cm = ________ m

2) 5800 cm = ________ m

3) 563 cm = ________ m ________ cm

4) 1865 cm = ________ m ________ cm

5) 809 cm = ________ m ________ cm

6) 7m 25cm = ________ cm

7) 4m 60cm = ________ cm

8) 8m 15cm = ________ cm
MATHEMATICS

Do the sums
1) m cm 2) m cm 3) m cm
80 20 77 77 85 85
+ 35 65 + 38 60 + 76 42

4) m cm 5) m cm 6) m cm
62 80 97 07 35 55
− 35 65 − 38 52 − 22 68

7) Ravi purchased 1m 35cm shirt bit for him and 1m 65cm

shirt bit for his brother. Find the total length of the shirt bits.
8) An electrician had 63m 39cm of wire. He used 36m 48cm.
How much length of wire was left with him?

60
5
WEIGHING OBJECTS
More weight Less weight

Basket ball

Iron ball

MATHEMATICS
Weight of Weight of Weight of
potatoes are more potatoes are less potatoes are equal

Kilogram can be written as ‘kg’

Weighing stones and weight of objects in kilogram

1kg 2kg 5kg 10kg

61
 Various weighing machines

Weight of tomatoes = 2 kg

Weight of grapes = ___kg

MATHEMATICS

My weight = ___kg

Weight of sugar = ___kg

Weight of firewood = ___kg

Collect the pictures of different types of weighing machines

and use it to prepare an album.

62
Addition in kilogram

Raghu Kumar Anandhan Weight of

Raghu = 32 kg
Kumar = 30 kg
Anandhan = + 31 kg
93 kg
32 kg 30 kg 31 kg
Total weight of them is 93 kg

Practice

1) Find the total weight of vegtables

MATHEMATICS
Weight of
tomatoes = 15 kg
potatoes = 10 kg
15 kg 10 kg 7 kg
onions = + 7 kg
Total weight of vegetables =

2) Find the total weight of cereals.

Green gram
Black gram
Weight of

Wheat wheat = 10 kg
green gram = 75 kg
black gram =+ 63 kg
10 kg 75kg 63kg
Total weight =

3) Weight of rice 68 kg, sugar 55 kg and ragi 48 kg.

Find the total weight.

63
 Subtraction in kilogram
Weight of mangoes in the shop = 25 kg
Weight of mangoes sold = − 17 kg
8 kg

Remaining weight of mangoes in the shop = 8 kg

Initial weight of Ice bar is 28 kg. After 15 minutes weight of Ice bar is 16 kg.
28 kg
− 16 kg
12 kg
Weight of melted Ice = 12 kg
MATHEMATICS

Practice

1) Weight of 2) Weight of
Laddu = 28 kg Halwa = 43 kg
Sold = −16 kg Sold = − 18 kg

Remaining laddu = ____ kg Remaining halwa = _____ kg

3) Weight of
Clay = 25 kg
Horses = −19 kg

Weight of unused clay = _____ kg

64
Weighing stones and weight of objects in gram

5g 10g 50g 60g 100g 200g 500g

10g
5g 10g 50g 50g 100g 200g 500g

Tea powder, coffee powder, gold, pepper, etc.,

are measured by grams

gram can be

MATHEMATICS
1 Kilogram = 1000 gram
written as ‘g’

500g + 500g = 1000g

200g + 200g + 200g + 200g + 200g = 1000g

100g 100g 100g 100g 100g 100g 100g 100g 100g 100g = 1000g

Addition in gram
Let us find the total weight of the plums
200 g 1 kg = 1000g
500 g 1400 g = 1000 g + 400 g
= 1 kg + 400 g
+ 700 g
= 1 kg 400 g
1400 g

Total weight of plums = 1kg 400g

65
 Practice

1) Find the total weight of grapes.

150 g
350 g
+ 850 g

Total weight of grapes =_______ g

2) 250 g 3) 247 g 4) 645 g 5) 894 g

345 g 199 g 561 g 467 g
+ 657 g + 238 g + 359 g + 500 g
MATHEMATICS

Subtraction in gram
Let us calculate weight of mango.
Weight of

1650g yellow bag = 1650 g

Apple 1350g
Guava Apple red bag = − 1350 g
Mango Guava
300 g
Weight of mango is 300 g

Practice

1) 756 g 2) 539 g 3) 465 g 4) 647 g

− 435 g − 49 g − 309 g − 35 g

66
Addition in kilogram and gram
Find the total weight of the following things.
Weight Steps
Things
kg g • Add the grams
Television 20 500 • Add the kilograms
Chair 5 350
Bicycle 30 100 Total weight of things = 55 kg 950 g
Total 55 950

Practice

1) Find the total weight of papayas. kg g

1 255
2 350

MATHEMATICS
+ 3 300
1kg 255g 2kg 350g 3kg 300g
Total weight of papaya is ______ kg ______ g

2) Find the total weight of vegetables kg g

17 250
13 500
+ 25 105
17kg 250g 13kg 500g 25kg 105g
Total weight of vegetables is ______ kg ______ g

3) kg g 4) kg g 5) kg g
77 355 44 363 88 154
89 090 13 147 16 246
+ 35 155 + 15 289 + 26 343

67
 Subtraction in kilogram and gram
Let us find the weight of honey

kg g
Weight of bee hive = 5 950
4kg 895g Weight of honey = - 4 895
5kg 950g Weight of honey wax = 1 055

Weight of honey wax is 1kg 55g

Practice
1)
Weight of kg g
purple paint = 13 750
MATHEMATICS

paint used = - 11 255

13kg 750g 11kg 255g
Remaining paint is ______ kg ______ g

2) Find the difference between the weight of oranges and jack fruit.
Weight of kg g
oranges = 45 258
jack fruit = -18 163
45kg 258g 18kg 163g

Difference in weight = ______ kg ______ g

3) kg g 4) kg g 5) kg g
25 456 37 576 54 342
– 14 369 – 25 455 – 37 523

68
Guessing weight
Shall we check our guessing, by weighing !

Pomegranate Sappota

I guess
I guess it is 1kg 500g

MATHEMATICS
it is 1kg

Both are verifying their guessing.

1kg

1kg

50g
200g 500g

750 g 1kg 500g

My guessing is close
to the correct weight.
My guessing is correct.

69
 Estimate the weight of objects.

Your Book ____ g

Pencil Eraser ____ g
Bucket ____ g
Crayon ____ g
School Bag ____ g

Practice
In a grocery shop the following items are purchased.

Name of the Red chilli Coriander Turmeric Cumin Pepper

MATHEMATICS

customer
kg g kg g kg g kg g kg g
Meena 2 175 4 150 300 150 125
Radha 150 1 125 150 50 50
Kumaresan 2 000 3 200 200 250 300
Find the quantity of groceries bought by each customer.

Lab activity
Guess and verify the weights.

S. Correct
Vegetables Guessing weight
No. weight
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

70
 Revision
Fill in the blanks.

1) 8500g = _____ kg + ______ g

2) 7250g = _____ kg + ______ g
3) 6kg 550g = _____ kg + ______ g
4) 13kg 650g = _____ kg + ______ g
Do the sums.
1) 2) 3) kg g
kg g kg g 31 423
10 080 29 054 47 315
+ 20 355 + 31 453 + 54 154

MATHEMATICS
4) kg g 5) kg g 6) kg g
75 859 91 759 82 235
– 39 676 – 77 597 – 17 198

7) One package of sweet is 5kg 600g and another package of sweet

is 2kg 350g. Find the total weight.
8) The quantity of red chillies in two baskets are 25kg 550g and 1 0 k g
350g respectively. Find the total weight of red chillies.

9) First bag contains 52kg 600g of wheat and second bag con-
tains 35kg 250g of wheat. How much more weight of wheat
contains in the first bag than second bag?

10) A sandalwood weighs 18kg 250g. A part of it weighing 12kg 100g is cut
off from it. What is the weight of the remaining piece?

71
 ‘I can, I did’
Student’s Activity Record

Subject:

Sl. Lesson Topic of the

Date Activities Remarks
No No. Lesson
MATHEMATICS

72