Al-Andalus International School (A.A.I.

S)

(American Division) Math Department

Answers - Revision packets

Statistics
For Grade (12) – T (3)
Correlation & Regression
Academic Year: 2023-2024

Student Name : ……………………………..

Class : : ……………………….
 Topics of Trimester Three

Correlation and Regression

(Unit one) - Correlation

 Introduction
 The meaning of correlation
 The scatter diagram
 Type of correlation : - 1 ≤ 𝑟 ≤ 1 (Perfect – Strong – Weak)

(i) If r (+)ve: direct correlation

(ii) If r (-)ve : inverse correlation

 Pearson ,s Correlation Coefficient of Ungrouped Data

𝑛∑𝑋 𝑌 − ( ∑𝑋 ) ( ∑𝑌 )
 r(p) =
√𝑛 ∑ 𝑋 2 − ( ∑ 𝑋 )2 × √𝑛 ∑ 𝑌 2 − ( ∑ 𝑌 )2

 Spearman, s Ranks Correlation Coefficient

6 ∑ 𝐷2
 r(s) = 1 -
𝑛 ( 𝑛2 − 1 )

(Unit two) Regression :

 The regression line

 The equation of the regression line of Y on X : Y = a + b X
𝑛∑𝑋 𝑌 −( ∑𝑋 ) ( ∑𝑌 ) ∑ 𝑌 − 𝑏 ( ∑𝑋 )
 Where : b = 2 & a=
𝑛 ∑ 𝑋2 − ( ∑ 𝑋 ) 𝑛
 The (Error) in the value of y =|Y - 𝑌 / |

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 Correlation
Types of correlation - 1 ≤ 𝑟 ≤ 1

(1) The strongest correlation coefficient of the following is:

(a)* – 0.8 b – 0.5 c 0.4 d 0.7

(2) Complete the following

Pearson` s Correlation Coefficient

(3) Find the Pearson correlation coefficient between the two variables X and Y identify
its type where : ∑ x = 68 , ∑ y = 36 , ∑ xy = 348 , n = 8 , ∑ x 2 =
620 , ∑ y 2 = 204 .

Solution :
8 𝑋 348 −68 𝑋 36
r(p)= = 1 & The type is perfect direct correlation
√8 𝑋620− (68)2 𝑋 √8 𝑋204− (36)2

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 (4) Calculate: Pearson correlation between x and y and determine its type .

x 6 5 7 8 7 6 ∑(𝑋) ∑ 𝑌=3 ∑ 𝑋 2 ∑ 𝑌 2= ∑ 𝑋𝑌=240

y 4 7 5 6 8 7 =39 7 =259 239

Solution:
6 𝑋 240 −39 𝑋 37
r(p)= = - 0.06 & The type is inverse correlation
√6 𝑋259 − (39)2 𝑋 √6 𝑋239 − (37)2

(5)

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(6)

(7) If ∑ x = 41 , ∑ y = 55 , ∑ xy = 362 , n = 8 , ∑ x 2 = 256 ,

∑ y 2 = 523 . Then calculate Pearson correlation

r = 0.98 and direct correlation , regression line: y= a + bx

b = 1.7 , a = -1.8 y = -1.8 +1.7x

(8) If ∑ x = 49 , ∑ y = 45 , ∑ xy = 320 , n = 7 , ∑ x 2 = 256 ,

∑ y 2 = 523 . Then find the equation of the regression line

𝑛∑𝑋 𝑌 − ( ∑𝑋 ) ( ∑𝑌 ) ∑ 𝑌 − 𝑎 ( ∑𝑋 )
b= , a=
𝑛 ∑ 𝑋 2 − ( ∑ 𝑋 )2 𝑛

The equation of the regression line of Y on X is Y = a + b X

7 𝑋320−49 𝑋 45 5 45 − 0.3125 𝑋 49
b= = ≅ 0.31, a = ≅ 4.24
7𝑋 359− ( 49)2 16 7

The equation of the regression line of Y on X is : Y = 4.24 + 0.31 X

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 Correlation : Spearman ranks correlation

(9)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(10) Find Spearman ranks correlation

Math Verg excellent weak good Weak pass Weak

good

Statistics pass Verg weak pass good pass weak

good

Solution:

6
(11)

(12) From the following data Spearman ranks is ………

X 10 7 8 7 6 4

Solution: Y 5 8 7 9 9 10

∑ 𝐷2 = 52 + 0.52 + 32 + 12 + 2.52 + 52 = 66.5

6 ∑ 𝐷2 6 × 66.5
r=1- r=1- = - 0.9 Type is invers correlation
𝑛 ( 𝑛2 − 1 ) 6 ( 62 − 1 )

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(13) Calculate the Spearman ranks correlation coefficient between X and Y and state its type .

R(X) 2 2 4 6 5 2

X V. good V. good good weak pass V. good

Y good pass good excellent V. good pass

R(Y) 3.5 5. 5 3.5 1 2 5.5

Solution: ∑ 𝐷2 (𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒)2 = 1.52 + 3.52 + 0.52 + 52 + 32 + 3.52

6 ∑ 𝐷2 6 × 61
∑ 𝐷2 = 61 r = 1 - r=1- = - 0.7
𝑛 ( 𝑛2 − 1 ) 6 ( 62 − 1 )

Type is invers correlation

(14)

(15) : Find the equation of the regression line of Y on X

If ∶ ∑ x = 79 , ∑ y = 179 , ∑ x 2 = 1331 , ∑ xy = 2899 , n = 7

𝑛∑𝑋 𝑌 − ( ∑𝑋 ) ( ∑𝑌 ) ∑ 𝑌 −𝑏 (∑𝑋 )
Solution : b = , a=
𝑛 ∑ 𝑋 2 − ( ∑ 𝑋 )2 𝑛

The equation of the regression line of Y on X is : Y = a + b X

7 𝑋2899−79 𝑋 179 179−2 𝑋 79
b= =2 , a= =3
7 𝑋 1331− ( 79)2 7

The equation is : Y = 3 + 2X

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(16): Calculate The equation of the regression line of Y on X

x 6 5 7 8 10 6 7

y 4 7 5 6 8 7 8

Solution :

X Y 𝑋2 𝑌2 XY

6 4 36 16 24

5 7 25 49 35

7 5 49 25 35

8 6 64 36 48

10 8 100 64 80

6 7 36 49 42

7 8 49 64 56

Sum =49 45 359 303 320

𝑛∑𝑋 𝑌 − ( ∑𝑋 ) ( ∑𝑌 ) ∑ 𝑌 − 𝑏 ( ∑𝑋 )
b= 2 , a=
𝑛 ∑ 𝑋2 − ( ∑ 𝑋 ) 𝑛

The equation of the regression line of Y on X is : Y =b x + a

7 𝑋320−49 𝑋 45 5 45 − 0.3125 𝑋 49
b= = ≅ 0.31 , a = ≅ 4.24
7𝑋 359− ( 49)2 16 7

The equation of the regression line of Y on X is : Y = 4.24 + 0.31 X

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(17) Solution: 1(b) – 2(b) – 3(a) – 4(a) – 5(d) – 6(d)

(18) find the regression line equation of Y on X If:

 The equation of the regression line of Y on X : Y = a + b X

𝑛∑𝑋 𝑌 −( ∑𝑋 ) ( ∑𝑌 )
 Where : b = 2 = 0.9
𝑛 ∑ 𝑋2 − ( ∑ 𝑋 )
∑ 𝑌 − 𝑏 ( ∑𝑋 )
 & a= = − 0.2 The equation is: Y = - 0.2 + 0.9 X
𝑛

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(19) Solution: 1(a) – 2(c) – 3(a) – 4(d) – 5(b) – 6(r = -1)

=-1

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(20) Solution: 1(b) – 2(c) – 3(a) – 4(c) – 5(a) – 6(c)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

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(7) The scatter diagram representing inverse correlation is figure:

(8 )

(9)

(Perfect inverse)

(10)

Complete: -
(1 ) If the regression line equation of Y on X is 𝑌̂ = 0.2𝑥 + 3 and the value of Y when x = 5 is
4.6 Then the error in the value of y = ……

Solution: (The error of y) E = | Y (table point) – 𝑌 / (𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)|

E = | 4.6 – 4 | = 0.6

(2 ) If the regression line equation of Y on X is 𝑌̂ = 0.2 𝑥 + 4 and the value of Y when x = 10

is 3.8 Then the error in the value of y = ……

Solution: (The error of y) E = | Y (table point) – 𝑌 / (regression equation)|

E = | 3.8 – 6 | = 2.2

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(3 ) If the regression line equation is: 𝑦 = 4.2 + 0.3 𝑥 .Then the error in the value of y at the
point (10, 8) is ……

Solution: (The error of y) E = | Y (table point) – 𝑌 / (regression equation)|

E = | 8 – 7.2 | = 0.8

(4 ) If the error at the point (8,6) is 0.3 , then the value of y satisfying the regression equation is
…….

Solution: (The error of y) E = | Y (table point) – 𝑌 / (regression equation)|

0.3 = | 6 – 𝑌 / | so 𝑌 / = 6.3

(5 ) If the error at the point (10, k) is 0.4 . and the value of y satisfying the regression equation is
12.6, then the value of k is ……..

Solution: (The error of y) E = | Y (table point) – 𝑌 / (regression equation)|

0.4 = | k – 12.6| so k = 13

(6 ) If the regression line equation is: 𝑦 = 0.4 𝑥 + 3 .Then the error in the value of y at the
point (5, 3.2) is ……

Solution: (The error of y) E = | Y (table point) – 𝑌 / (regression equation)|

E = | 3.2 – 5 | = 1.8

(7 ) If the error at the point (5, m) is 0.6 and the value of y satisfying the regression equation is
14.5, then the value of m is ……..

Solution: (The error of y) E = | Y (table point) – 𝑌 / (regression equation)|

0.6 = | m –14.5| so m = 15.1

(8 ) If the error at the point (2, 8) is 1.4 then the value of y satisfying the regression equation is
……

Solution: (The error of y) E = | Y (table point) – 𝑌 / (regression equation)|

1.4 = | 8 –𝑌 / | then 𝑌 / = 6.6

(9) If the regression line equation of Y on X is 𝑌̂ = 0.2𝑥 + 3 and the value of Y when x = 5

is 4.6 Then the error in the value of y = …… Solution: y = 0.6

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(10) If D is the difference between the ranks of each corresponding values of two variables x
and y ∑ 𝐷2 = 0 , then the correlation coefficient (r) between x and y equals …..
− .

(11) If the equation of the regression line is: 𝑦̂ = 4.2 + 0.3𝑥 the error at x = 10 is…..

- -

Solution: Error = | 8 – 7.2| = 0.8

(12) If the error at the point (8 , 6) is 0.3 then the value satisfying the regression equation is……

Solution: Error = | y (table value) – y (regression equation) |

0.3 = | 6 – 𝑦 / | Then: 𝑦 / (regression equation) = 6.3

(13) If the error at the point (10 , k)is 0.4 and the value satisfying the regression equation is 12.6
, then the value of k = ……

Solution: Error = | y (table value) – y (regression equation) |

0.4 = | k – 12.6 | Then: y (regression equation) = 13

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