• no matter how
• whether
• wherever
• when
• until
• after
• as if
• how
• if
• provided
• in that
• once
• supposing
• while
• unless
• in case
• as far as
• now that
• as
• so that
• though
• since
Sample Sentences:
• It is so cold outside, so I brought you a jacket.
• Because it is so cold outside, I brought you a jacket.
By looking at the sentences above, you will easily notice that a subordinating conjunction
can be found either at the beginning of the sentence or between the clauses that it links
together. Aside from that, a comma should also be placed in between the two clauses
(independent clause and dependent clause) of the sentence.
8.1.3 Correlative Conjunction
The correlative conjunctions are simply pairs of conjunctions which are used to join equal
sentence elements together.
List of Common Correlative Conjunctions:
• either… or
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• neither… nor
• not only… but also
• both… and
• whether… or
• so… as
Sample Sentences:
• Both my brother and my father are lawyers.
• I can’t decide whether I’ll take Chemical Engineering or take Medical Technology in
college.
8.1.4 What is a Conjunctive Adverb?
Although a conjunctive adverb is not a real conjunction, this kind of words functions as
conjunctions in a sentence. Some examples of conjunctive adverbs are:
• in addition
• for example
• however
• therefore
• on the contrary
• hence
• in fact
• otherwise
• as a result
• indeed
• still
• thus
• on the other hand
• furthermore
• instead
• incidentally
• after all
• finally
• likewise
• meanwhile
• consequently
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8.1.5 Final Thoughts
Conjunctions are very essential in speech and in writing. They improve the cohesion
between the different parts of the text and enable you to construct long sentences without
sounding awkward. Although the concept of conjunctions may seem too simple, you should
still take time and make sure that you place the punctuations properly, choose the
appropriate conjunctions, and see to it that you adhere to the standard rules of grammar.
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Lesson Plan Unit IX
Term : 1st
Subject : English Interjections
Topic: English Interjections in lesson.
• Realizing English interjections in sentence.
Goals: • Know way to use English interjections in the right situation.
• Choose English interjection in applying into sentence.
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
• Differentiate English interjection;
• Identify English interjection in each sentence;
Objectives: • Rewrite the sentence changing English interjections from sentence to other
sentence;
• Appreciate the lesson by showing active participation of the students towards the
lesson.
• Internet Access: any resources based on the topic.
• Basic definitions of English interjections.
Materials: • Teaching English interjection.
• English interjections websites or another explanation of interjections.
• Introduce about interjections in English.
Introduction: • Indicate kinds of interjections in English.
• Choose more formal language; students can adopt a more objective style which can
result in a reliance on English interjections constructions, a style that is more
awkward than it is formal.
Development: • Inviting students to discover the relationship between the actor (or subject) and the
action (or predicate) in using English interjections. It can provide students with more
details on how the constructions work, better enabling students to choose the best
language for their writing situation.
• Give the lesson and ask student to indicate English interjections.
Practice: • Ask student to translate in the different situation with English interjections.
• Do multi choices exercise.
• Once students have identified English interjections from the page(s) they're
exploring, divide students into small groups to explore their findings.
• Ask students to share their findings and use the collected information to draw
Accommodations: conclusions about when they choose English interjections.
• After teacher is satisfied that students have had enough time to explore their findings,
gather as a group and ask students to share their conclusions.
• Ask students to support their conclusions with specific details from the lesson.
• Once the lesson is complete, ask students to explore the pieces that they are writing,
checking for English interjections.
Checking for
• Ask them to revise as necessary, based on whether the Interjections are appropriate
Understanding: for the particular sentence. Students may work during their in-class writing time or
complete the revisions as homework.
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9.1 English Interjections
Interjection is a big name for a little word. Interjections are short exclamations like Oh!, Um
or Ah! They have no real grammatical value but we use them quite often, usually more in
speaking than in writing.
When interjections are inserted into a sentence, they have no grammatical connection to the
sentence. An interjection is sometimes followed by an exclamation mark (!) when written.
Here are some interjections with examples:
interjection Meaning example
expressing pleasure "Ah, that feels good."
expressing realization "Ah, now I understand."
ah
expressing resignation "Ah well, it can't be helped."
expressing surprise "Ah! I've won!"
alas expressing grief or pity "Alas, she's dead now."
expressing pity "Oh dear! Does it hurt?"
dear
expressing surprise "Dear me! That's a surprise!"
"It's hot today." "Eh?" "I said it's hot
asking for repetition
today."
eh expressing enquiry "What do you think of that, eh?"
expressing surprise "Eh! Really?"
inviting agreement "Let's go, eh?"
er expressing hesitation "Lima is the capital of...er...Peru."
expressing greeting "Hello John. How are you today?"
hello, hullo
expressing surprise "Hello! My car's gone!"
calling attention "Hey! look at that!"
hey expressing surprise, joy
"Hey! What a good idea!"
etc
hi expressing greeting "Hi! What's new?"
expressing hesitation,
hmm "Hmm. I'm not so sure."
doubt or disagreement
expressing surprise "Oh! You're here!"
oh, o expressing pain "Oh! I've got a toothache."
expressing pleading "Oh, please say 'yes'!"
ouch expressing pain "Ouch! That hurts!"
uh expressing hesitation "Uh...I don't know the answer to that."
uh-huh expressing agreement "Shall we go?" "Uh-huh."
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