IMAGE MUSCLE INSERTION ORIGIN NERVE ACTION

FACIAL MUSCLES
Scalp Muscles
Frontalis Subcutaneous Galea Facial Nerve *Elevates eyebrows
tissue of aponeurotica (VII) *expression of
eyebrows surprise or fright
*draws scalp
forward, wrinkling
skin of forehead

Occipitalis Galea *Superior Facial Nerve *Retracts scalp

aponeurotica nuchal line (VII) *fixes galea ap. So
(Occipital frontalis can act on
bone) eyebrows

*Mastoid
process
(Temporal
bone)

Eyelid Muscles
Orbicularis *Upper & *Lacrimal Facial Nerve *sphincter of eyelid
Oculi Lower eyelids bone (VII) *blinking (closes
eyes)
*skin around *Maxilla *Squinting & sleep
margin of orbit *aids in tear flow
*adjacent
regions of
frontal bone

*medial
angle of
eyelids
Depressor *Medial *Medial Facial Nerve *Depression of
Supercilii aspect of orbital rim (VII) eyebrows
bony orbit

Corrugator *Forehead *Supraorbital Facial Nerve *wrinkles forehead

Supercilii skin near ridge (VII) *move eyebrows
eyebrow (superciliary down & inward
arches) toward nose &inner
eye

Nose Muscles
Nasalis *Nasal Bone *Maxilla Facial Nerve *Compresses bridge
(VII) of nose
*Depresses tip of
nose
*elevates corners of
nostrils
 Procerus *Skin between *Nasal Facial Nerve *draws down angle
eyebrows Bridge (VII) of eyebrows, giving
expressions of
frowning

Mouth Muscles
Orbicularis Oris *Submucosa *Modiolus of Facial Nerve *Encircles lips
mouth (VII) *closes lips
*Dermis of *Maxilla and *protrudes lips when
lips mandible kissing
*speech

Buccinator *Orbicularis *Alveolar Facial Nerve *compresses cheek

Oris processes on (VII) against teeth and
lateral gums
*Submucosa surface of *blowing & sucking
of cheek & mandible and *expels air & liquid
lips maxilla *prevents biting
cheeks by retracting
of cheeks from teeth
during closing of
mouth

Levator Labii *Orbicularis *medial infra- Facial Nerve *elevates upper lip
Superioris oris orbital (VII)
margin
*Skin &
muscle of
upper lip

Depressor *skin of lower *Mandible Facial Nerve *depresses lower lip

Labii Inferioris lip (VII)

Levator Labii *Nostril & *Medial Facial Nerve *dilates nostrils

Superioris Upper lip orbital wall (VII) *elevates upper lips
Alaeque Nasi (Nasal bone) & wing of the nose
 Mentalis *Skin of chin *Mandible Facial Nerve *elevates base of
(VII) lower lip
*wrinkles skin of chin
*adjust shape of lips
for drinking

Risorius *Skin at angle *Parotid Facial Nerve *draws back angle of

of mouth fascia (VII) mouth laterally
(modiolus) (grimacing)

Levator Anguli *Skin of lower *Inferior to Facial Nerve *draws angle of

Oris lip (Modiolus) infraorbital (VII) mouth laterally and
foramen of superiorly (smiling)
*Orbicularis Maxilla
Oris

Depressor *Modiolus of *Tubercle of Facial Nerve *depresses angle of

Anguli Oris mouth Mandible (VII) mouth

Zygomaticus *Modiolus of *Zygomatic Facial Nerve *draws angle of

Major mouth Bone (VII) mouth superiorly and
laterally (smiling)

Zygomaticus *Skin of upper *Zygomatic Facial Nerve *elevates upper lip,

Minor lip Bone (VII) exposing upper teeth

Neck Muscle
Platysma *Mandible *Fascia over Facial Nerve *draws outer part of
Deltoid and (VII) lip inferiorly and
*skin of lower Pectoralis posteriorly (pouting)
face major *depresses mandible
muscles
*Orbicularis
Oris
 External Ear Muscle
Anterior *Major Helix *Temporal Facial Nerve *Pulls ear forward
Auricular fascia (VII)
Muscle

Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Superior *superior & *Common Oculomotor *moves eyeball
Rectus central part of tendinous Nerve (III) superiorly and
limbus ring medially
(eyeball) *rotates eyeball
medially

Inferior Rectus *Inferior & *common Oculomotor *moves eyeball

central part of tendinous Nerve(III) inferiorly and
eyeball ring medially
(limbus) *rotates eyeball
laterally

Medial Rectus *Medial side *common Oculomotor *moves eyeball

of limbus tendinous Nerve (III) medially (adduction)
ring

Lateral Rectus *Lateral side *common Abducens *moves eyeball

of limbus tendinous Nerve (VI) laterally (abduction)
ring

Superior *Superolateral *Body of Trochlear *moves eyeball

Oblique aspect of sphenoid Nerve (IV) inferiorly and laterally
eyeball bone *rotates eyeball
medially

Inferior Oblique *Inferolateral *Orbital Oculomotor *moves eyeball

aspect of surface of Nerve (III) superiorly and
eyeball Maxilla laterally
*rotates them
laterally
 Levator *Tarsal plate *Sphenoid Oculomotor *Elevates upper
Palpebrae *Upper eyelid Bone Nerves (III) eyelid (opens eyes)
Superioris

Mastication and Speech Muscles

Mastication Muscles
Masseter *lateral *Maxilla Trigeminal *elevates mandible
surface of the *zygomatic Nerve (V) (closing mouth)
ramus of the arch (Mandibular
Mandible division)

Temporalis *coronoid *Temporal Trigeminal *elevates and

process fossa/bone Nerve (V) retracts mandible
*anterior (Mandibular
margin of the division)
ramus of the
Mandible

Medial *medial *medial Trigeminal *elevation and side

Pterygoid surface of surface of Nerve (V) to side movement of
Mandible lateral (Mandibular mandible
portion of division)
pterygoid
process of
sphenoid
bone
*Maxilla
Lateral *Condyle of *roof of infra- Trigeminal *protracts, depresses
Pterygoid Mandible temporal Nerve (V) mandible (opening
*Temporoman fossa (Mandibular mouth)
dibular joint *lateral division) *side to side
(TMJ) surface of movement of
lateral mandible
portion of
pterygoid
process of
sphenoid
bone
Tongue Muscles
Superior *anterolateral *submucosa Hypoglossal *retracts and
Longitudinal margins of of posterior Nerve (XII) broaden tongue
tongue tongue *elevates apex of
*lingual tongue
septum

Inferior *Apex of *root of Hypoglossal *retracts and

Longitudinal tongue tongue Nerve (XII) broaden tongue
*body of *lowers apex of
hyoid bone tongue
 Transverse *lateral *lingual Hypoglossal *narrows &
margin of septum Nerve (XII) elongates tongue
tongue

Vertical *lingual *root of Hypoglossal *broaden &

aponeurosis tongue Nerve (XII) elongates tongue
*genioglossu
s muscle

Genioglossus *undersurface *Mandible Hypoglossal *depresses tongue

of tongue Nerve (XII) *thrust it anteriorly
*lingual (protraction)
aponeurosis
*hyoid bone

Styloglossus *Side & *styloid Hypoglossal *retracts and

undersurface process of Nerve (XII) elevates lateral
of tongue temporal aspect of tongue
bone

Hyoglossus *side of *Greater Hypoglossal *depresses and

tongue horn & body Nerve (XII) retracts tongue
of Hyoid
bone

Palatoglossus *side of *anterior Vagus *elevates posterior

tongue surface of Nerve (X) portion of tongue &
soft palate (Pharyngeal draws soft palate
plexus) down on tongue

Neck Muscles
Superficial Muscle(anterior)
Sternocleidoma *mastoid *Sternal Accessory Bilaterally:
stoid process of Head : Nerve (XI) * flex cervical portion
temporal bone manubrium of vertebral column
*lateral half of of sternum Spinal *extend head of
superior Nerve (C2- atlanto-occipital joint
nuchal line of *Clavicular C3) Unilaterally:
occipital bone Head: medial *Neck ipsilateral
third of flexion
clavicle *Neck contralateral
rotation

*elevates sternum
during force
inhalation
 Suprahyoid Muscles(anterior)
Digastric *intermediate *anterior Anterior *open jaw when
tendon of belly - belly - masseter and
hyoid bone digastric Trigeminal temporalis are
fossa Nerve (V) relaxed
(mandible) (Mandibular
*posterior division)
belly -
temporal Posterior
bone belly - Facial
Nerve (VII)
Stylohyoid *body of hyoid *styloid Facial Nerve *elevates hyoid bone
bone process (VII) during swallowing
(temporal
bone)

Mylohyoid *body of hyoid *Mylohyoid Trigeminal *elevates hyoid bone

bone line(mandible Nerve (V) & floor of mouth
*median ridge ) (Mandibular *depresses mandible
division)

Geniohyoid *body of hyoid *inner First cervical *elevates hyoid bone

bone surface of spinal nerve & tongue during
Mandible (C1) swallowing
*depresses mandible

Infrahyoid Muscles(anterior)
Omohyoid *intermediate *superior Ansa *depresses hyoid
tendon of border of cervicalis bone & larynx
hyoid bone scapula (C1-C3) *also carries hyoid
*superior bone backward &
transverse sideways
ligament

Sternohyoid *body of hyoid *Medial end Ansa *depresses hyoid

bone of clavicle cervicalis bone
*manubrium (C1-C3)
of sternum

Sternothyroid *thyroid *manubrium Ansa *depresses larynx

cartilage of of sternum cervicalis
larynx (C1-C3)

Thyrohyoid *greater gorn *thyroid Spinal *depresses hyoid

of hyoid bone cartilage of Nerve (C1- bone
larynx C2) *elevates larynx

Hypoglossal
Nerve (XII)
 Scalene Muscles(anterior)
Scalene *anterior *anterior Spinal Bilateral:
Anterior scalene of tubercle of Nerves (C4- *neck flexion
tubercle rib 1 transverse C6) Unilateral:
*superior processes of *neck lateral
border of rib 1 vertebrae flexion(ipsilateral)
C3-C6 *neck
rotation(contralateral
)
*elevates rib 1

Scalene *superior *posterior Spinal *neck lateral flexion

Medius border of rib 1 tubercles of Nerves (C3- *elevates rib 1
transverse C8)
processes of
vertebrae
C3-C7

Scalene *external *posterior Spinal *neck lateral flexion

Posterior surface of rib tubercles of Nerves (C6- *elevates rib 2
2 transverse C8)
processes of
vertebrae
C5-C7

Lateral neck muscles

Longus Capitis *basilar part *anterior Spinal Bilateral:
of occipital tubercles of Nerves (C1- *head flexion
bone transverse C3) Ipsilateral:
processes *head rotation
C3-C6

Longus Colli *Anterior arch *Transverse Spinal Bilateral:

of the atlas processes of Nerves (C2- *neck flexion
C5-T3 C6) *neck lateral flexion
(ipsilateral)
Unilateral:
*neck contralateral
rotation

Rectus Capitis *inferior *anterior Spinal *atlanto-occipital

Anterior surface of surface of Nerves (C1- joint: head flexion
basilar part of lateral mass C2)
occipital bone & transverse
processes of
atlas

Rectus Capitis *inferior *superior Spinal *atlanto-occipital

Lateralis surface of surface of Nerves (C1- joint: head lateral
jugular transvers C2) flexion (ipsilateral)
process of process of
occipital bone atlas
 Splenius Muscles
Splenius *mastoid *Nuchal Spinal Bilateral:
Capitis process of ligament Nerves (C3- *head extension
temporal bone *spinous C4) *extends vertebral
*occipital processes of column
bone C7-T4 Unilateral:
*head lateral flexion
*head rotation (same
side as contracting
muscle)

Splenius *transverse *Spinous Inferior Bilateral:

Cervicis processes of processes of Spinal *head extension
C1-C2 or C1- T3-T6 nerves Unilateral:
C4 *head lateral flexion
*head rotation (same
side as contracting
muscle)

LongissimusMuscles
Longissimus *mastoid *articular Middle & Bilateral:
Capitis process of processes of Inferior *head extension
temporal bone C4-C7 cervical *extend vertebral
*transverse spinal column
processes of nerves Unilateral:
T1-T4 *rotates head to
same side as
contracting muscle

Longissimus *Transverse *transverse Cervical & Bilateral:

Cervicis processes of processes of superior *extension of spine
C2-C6 T4-T5 Thoracic Unilateral:
spinal *Lateral flexion of
nerves spine(ipsilateral)

Longissimus *transverse *transverse Thoracic & Bilateral:

Thoracic process of T1- processes of Lumbar *extension of spine
T12 lumbar spinal Unilateral:
*superior vertebrae nerves *Lateral flexion of
lumbar spine(ipsilateral)
vertebra &
ribs 9-10

Iliocostalis Muscles
Iliocostalis *transverse *Ribs 1-6 Cervical & Bilateral:
Cervicis process of Thoracic *extension of spine
C4-C6 spinal *maintain erect
nerves posture of spine
Unilateral:
*lateral flexion of
spine (ipsilateral)
 Iliocostalis *Ribs 1-6 *Ribs 7-12 Thoracic Bilateral:
Thoracis Spinal *extension of spine
Nerves *maintain erect
posture of spine
Unilateral:
*lateral flexion of
spine (ipsilateral)

Iliocostalis *Ribs 7-12 *Iliac crest Lumbar Bilateral:

Lumborum Spinal *extension of spine
Nerves *maintain erect
posture of spine
Unilateral:
*lateral flexion of
spine (ipsilateral)

Spinalis Muscles
Spinalis Capitis *occipital *spinous Cervical Bilateral:
bone processes of Spinal *head extension
C7-T1 Nerves *extension of cervical
& thoracic spine
Unilateral:
*ipsilateral lateral
flexion of cervical &
thoracic spine

Spinalis *spinous *nuchal Inferior Bilateral:

Cervicis process of ligament Cervical & *head extension
axis (C2-C4) *spinous Thoracic *extension of cervical
processes of Spinal & thoracic spine
C7-T1 Nerves Unilateral:
*ipsilateral lateral
flexion of cervical &
thoracic spine

Spinalis Spinous *spinous Thoracic Bilateral:

Thoracis processes of processes of Spinal *head extension
superior T11-L2 Nerves *extension of cervical
thoracic & thoracic spine
vertebrae (T2- Unilateral:
T8) *ipsilateral lateral
flexion of cervical &
thoracic spine

Transeversospinalis Muscles
Semispinalis *between *articular Cervical & Bilateral:
Capitis superior & processes of Thoracic *extension of head,
inferior nuchal C4-C6 Spinal cervical & thoracic
line of *transverse Nerves spine
occipital bone processes of Unilateral:
C7-T7 *rotation of head,
cervical & thoracic
spine (contralateral)

Semispinalis *spinous *transverse Cervical & Bilateral:

Cervicis processes of processes of Thoracic *extension of cervical
C1-C5 T1-T5 Spinal & thoracic spine
Nerves Unilateral:
*rotation of cervical &
thoracic spine
(contralateral)
 Semispinalis *spinous *transverse Thoracic Bilateral:
Thoracis processes of processes of Spinal *extension of cervical
C6-T4 T6-T10 Nerves & thoracic spine
Unilateral:
*rotation of cervical &
thoracic spine
(contralateral)

Multifidus *spinous *sacrum Cervical, Bilateral:

process of a *ilium Thoracic & *extension of
more superior *transverse Lumbar cervical, thoracic &
vertebra processes of Spinal lumbar spine
L1-L5, T1- Nerves Unilateral:
T12, C4-C7 *weakly rotates spine
*weakly rotates spine
(contralateral)

Rotatores *spinous *transverse Cervical, Bilateral:

process of processes of Thoracic & *weakly extends
vertebra all vertebrae Lumbar spine
superior to the Spinal Unilateral:
one of origin Nerves *weakly rotates spine
(contralateral)

Segmental Muscles
Interspinales *inferior *superior Cervical, Bilateral:
aspect of aspect of Thoracic & *weakly extend spine
spinous spinous Lumbar Unilateral:
processes of processes of Spinal *stabilize spine
C1-C6 C2-C7 Nerves during movement

Intertransversa *transverse *transverse Cervical, Bilateral:

rii processes of processes of Thoracic & *weakly extend spine
adjacent all vertebrae Lumbar Unilateral:
vertebrae Spinal *weakly laterally flex
Nerves spine
*stabilize spine
during movement

Suboccipital Muscles
Rectus Capitis *lateral part of *spinous Spinal Bilateral:
Posterior Major nuchal line process of Nerve (C1) *atlantooccipital joint:
axis head extension
Unilateral:
*atlantoaxial joint:
head rotation
(ipsilateral)
Rectus Capitis *medial part *posterior Spinal Bilateral:
Posterior Minor of inferior tubercle of Nerve (C1) *atlantooccipital joint:
nuchal line atlas head extension
Unilateral:
*atlantoaxial joint:
head rotation
(ipsilateral)

Obliquus *transverse *spinous Spinal Bilateral:

Capitis Inferior process of process of Nerve (C1) *atlantooccipital joint:
atlas axis head extension
Unilateral:
*atlantoaxial joint:
head rotation
(ipsilateral)

Obliquus *occipital *transverse Spinal Bilateral:

Capitis bone process of Nerve (C1) *atlantooccipital joint:
Superior atlas head extension
Unilateral:
*atlantoaxial joint:
head lateral flexion
(ipsilateral)

Thorax Muscles
Anterior Thorax Muscles
Pectoralis *Crest of *clavicle Medial & *arm adduction
Major greater *sternum Lateral *arm internal rotation
tubercle of *costal Pectoral *arm flexion
humerus cartilages 1-6 Nerve (clavicular head)
*arm extension
(sternocostal head)

Pectoralis *coracoid *costal Medial *abducts scapula &

Minor process of cartilages of Pectoral rotates it downward
scapula ribs 3-5 Nerve *elevates ribs 3-5
during forced
inhalation when
scapula is fixed

Serratus *vertebral *ribs 1-8 or Long *abducts scapula &

Anterior border 1-9 Thoracic rotates it upward
*inferior angle Nerve *elevates ribs when
of scapula scapula is stabilize
*horizontal arm
movements,
punching & pushing
(boxer’s muscle)
Diaphragm *central *xiphoid Phrenic *inhalation
tendon process of Nerve *exhalation
sternum
*costal
cartilages
*ribs 7-12

External *superior *inferior Thoracic *Inhalation

Intercostal border of rib border of rib Spinal
below above Nerve
(T2-T12)

Internal *Inferior *superior Thoracic *Hold ribs steady

Intercostal border of rib border of rib Spinal
above below Nerve
(T2-T12)

Subclavius *clavicle *Rib 1 Subclavian *depresses clavicle

Nerve *elevation of first rib
*helps stabilize
pectoral girdle

Posterior Thorax Muscles

Trapezius *clavicle *superior Accessory *rotation of scapula
*acromion nuchal line of Nerve (XI) *retraction of scapula
*spine of occipital *elevation of scapula
scapula bone Spinal *depression of
*nuchal Nerves (C3- scapula
ligament C5)
*spinous
process of
vertebrae
C7-T12

Levator *superior *Transverse Dorsal *elevates scapula

Scapulae vertebral processes of Scapular and rotates it
border of C1-C4 Nerve downward
scapula
Spinal
Nerves (C3-
C5)

Rhomboid *vertebral *Spines of Dorsal *elevates scapula

Major border of T2-T5 Scapular *adducts scapula &
scapula Nerve rotates it downward
inferior to *Stabilize scapula
spine
 Rhomboid *vertebral *Spines of Dorsal *elevates scapula
Minor border of C7-T1 Scapular *adducts scapula &
scapula Nerve rotates it downward
superior to *Stabilize scapula
spine

Latissimus *inter- *Spines of Thoracodors *extends, adducts &

Dorsi tubercular T7-L5 al Nerve medially rotates arm
sulcus of *crest of at shoulder joint
humerus sacrum & *draws arm
ilium posteriorly &
*ribs 9-12 inferiorly
*elevates spine &
torso

Deltoid *deltoid *acromial Axillary *shoulder abduction

tuberosity of extremity of Nerve *shoulder flexion
the humerus clavicle *shoulder extension
*acromion of
scapula
*spine of
scapula

Subscapularis *lesser *subscapular Upper & *medially rotates arm

tubercule of fossa Lower at shoulder joint
humerus (scapula) Subscapular *stabilizes shoulder
Nerve

Supraspinatus *greater *supraspinou Suprascapul *arm abduction

tubercle of s fossa ar Nerve *stabilizes humerus
humerus (scapula)

Infraspinatus *greater *infraspinous Suprascapul *external rotation of

tubercle of fossa ar Nerve arm
humerus (scapula) *stabilizes
glenohumeral joint

Teres Major *medial lip of *inferior Lower *adducts humerus

intertubercular angle of Subscapular *internal rotation of
sulcus of scapula Nerve humerus
humerus *humerus extension
*depresses shoulder
 Teres Minor *greater *inferior Axillary *arm extension
tubercle of lateral border Nerve *laterally rotates arm
humerus of scapula *stabilizes humerus

Coracobrachiali *medial *coracoid Musculocuta *adducts humerus

s surface of process neous *arm flexion
shaft of (scapula) Nerves
humerus

Arm Muscles
Biceps Brachii *radial *long head Musculocuta *forearm flexion at
tuberosity of originates neous elbow joint
radius from tubercle Nerves *supinates &
*bicipital above pronates forearm at
aponeurosis glenoid radioulnar joint
cavity of *flexes arm at
scapula shoulder joint

Brachialis *ulnar *distal, Musculotane *flexes forearm at

tuberosity anterior ous & Radial elbow joint
*coronoid surface of Nerve
process of humerus
ulna

Brachioradialis *superior to *lateral Radial *flexes forearm @

stylus process border of Nerve elbow joint
of radius distal end of *supinates &
humerus pronates forearm @
radioulnar joint to
neutral position

Triceps Brachii *olecranon of *longhead Radial *extends forearm @

ulna originates Nerve elbow joint
from *extends arm @
infraglenoid shoulder joint
tubercle,
projection
inferior to
glenoid
cavity of
scapula
 Anconeus *olecranon & *lateral Radial *extends forearm @
superior shaft epicondyle of Nerve elbow joint
of ulna humerus

Pronator Teres *midlateral *medial Median *pronates forearm @

surface of epicondyle of Nerve radioulnar joint
radius humerus *weakly flexes
*coronoid forearm @ elbow
process of joint
ulna

Pronator *distal portion *distal Median *pronates forearm @

Quadratus shaft of radius portion shaft Nerve radioulnar joint
of ulna

Supinator *lateral *lateral Deep Radial *supinates forearm

surface of epicondyle of Nerve @ radioulnar joint
proximal 1/3 humerus
of radius *ridge near
radial notch
of ulna

Forearm Muscles
Superficial Anterior Muscles
Flexor Carpi *Metacarpals *medial Median *flexes hand @ wrist
Radialis II & III epicondyle of Nerve joint
humerus *abducts hand @
wrist joint
 Palmaris *flexor *medial Median *weakly flexes hand
Longus retinaculum epicondyle of Nerve @ wrist joint
*palmar humerus
aponeurosis

Flexor Carpi *pisiform *medial Ulnar Nerve *flexes hand @ wrist

Ulnaris *hamate epicondyle of joint
*base of humerus *adducts hand @
metacarpal V *superior- wrist joint
posterior
border of
ulna

Flexor *middle *medial Median *flexes middle

Digitorum phalanx of epicondyle of Nerve phalanx of each
Superficialis each finger humerus finger @ proximal
*coronoid interphalangeal joint
process of *flexes proximal
ulna phalanx of each
*ridge along finger @
lateral metacarpophalangea
margin or l joint
anterior of *flexes hand @ wrist
radius joint

Deep Anterior Muscles

Flexor Pollicis *base of distal *anterior Median *flexes distal phalanx
Longus phalanx of surface of Nerve of thumb @
thumb radius interphalangeal joint
*interosseou
s membrane

Flexor *base of distal *anterior Median & *flexes distal &

Digitorum phalanx of medial Ulnar Nerve middle phalanges @
Profundus each finger surface of interphalangeal joint
ulna *flexes proximal
phalanx of each
finger @
metacarpophalangea
l joint

Superficial Posterior Muscles

Extensor Carpi *metacarpal II *lateral Radial *extends hand @
Radialis supracondyla Nerve wrist joint
Longus r ridge of *abducts hand @
humerus wrist joint
Extensor Carpi *metacarpal *lateral Radial *extends hand @
Radialis Brevis III epicondyle of Nerve wrist joint
humerus *abducts hand @
wrist joint

Extensor *distal & *distal & Radial *extends distal &

Digitorum middle middle Nerve middle phalanges of
phalanges phalanges of each finger @
each finger interphalangeal joint
*extends proximal
phalanx of each
finger @
metacarpophalangea
l joint
*extends hand @
wrist joint
Extensor Digiti *tendon of *lateral Deep Radial *extends proximal
Minimi extensor epicondyle of Nerve phalanx of little finger
digitorum on humerus @
phalanx V metacarpophalangea
l joint
*extends hand @
wrist joint

Extensor Carpi *metacarpal V *lateral Deep Radial *extends hand @

Ulnaris epicondyle of Nerve wrist joint
humerus *adducts hand @
*posterior wrist joint
border of
ulna

Deep Posterior Muscles

Abductor *metacarpal I *posterior Deep Radial *abducts & extends
Pollicis Longus surface of Nerve thumb @
radius & ulna metacarpophalangea
*interosseou l joint
s membrane *abducts hand @
wrist joint

Extensor *base of *posterior Deep Radial *extends proximal

Pollicis Brevis proximal surface of Nerve phalanx of thumb @
phalanx of radius metacarpophalangea
thumb *interosseou l joint
s membrane *extends first
metacarpal of thumb
@ carpometacarpal
joint
*extends hand @
wrist joint
 Extensor *base of distal *posterior Deep Radial *extends distal
Pollicis Longus thumb surface of Nerve pahalnx of thumb @
ulna interphalangeal joint
*interosseou *extends first
s membrane metacarpal of thumb
@ carpometacarpal
joint
*abducts hand @
wrist joint

Extensor *tendon of *posterior Deep Radial *extends distal &

Indicis extensor surface of Nerve middle phalanges of
digitorum of ulna index finger @
index finger *interosseou interphalangeal joint
s membrane *extends proximal
phalanx of index
finger @
metacarpophalangea
l joint
*extend hand @
wrist joint

Palm Muscles
Thenar Muscles
Abductor *lateral side of *flexor Median *abducts thumb @
Pollicis Brevis proximal retinaculum Nerve carpometacarpal
phalanx of *scaphoid joint
thumb *trapezium

Opponens *lateral side of *flexor Median *move thumb across

Pollicis metacarpal I retinaculum Nerve palm to meet any
*trapezium finger @
carpometacarpal
joint

Flexor Pollicis *lateral side of *flexor Median & *flexes thumb @

Brevis proximal retinaculum Ulnar Nerve carpometacarpal &
phalanx of *trapezium metacarpophalangea
thumb *capitate l joint
*trapezoid

Adductor *medial side *oblique Ulnar Nerve *adducts thumb @

Pollicis of proximal head carpometacarpal &
phalanx of originates metacarpophalangea
thumb by from capitate l joint
tendon & metacarpal
containing II & III
sesamoid *transverse
bone head
originates
from
metacarpal
III
 Hypothenar Muscles
Abductor Digiti *medial side *pisiform & Ulnar Nerve *abducts & flexes
Minimi of proximal tendon of little finger @
phalanx of flexor carpi metacarpophalangea
little finger ulnar l joint

Flexor Digiti *medial side *flexor Ulnar Nerve *flexes little finger @
Minimi Brevis of proximal retinaculum carpometacarpal &
phalanx of *hamate metacarpophalangea
little finger l joint

Opponens *medial side *flexor Ulnar Nerve *moves little finger

Digiti Minimi of metacarpal retinaculum across palm to meet
V *hamate thumb @
carpometacarpal
joint

Intermediate Muscles
Lumbricals *lateral sides *lateral sides Median & *flex each finger @
of tendons of of tendons Ulnar Nerve metacarpophalangea
extensor *flexor l joints
digitorum on digitorum *extends each finger
proximal profundus of @ interphalangeal
phalanges of each finger joints
each finger

Palmar *sides of *sides of Ulnar Nerve *adducts & flexes

Interossei bases of shafts of each finger (except
proximal metacarpals III) @
phalanges of of all digits metacarpophalangea
all fingers (except III) l joint
(except III) *extends digits @
interphalangeal joint

Dorsal *proximal *adjacent Ulnar Nerve *abduct fingers II-IV

Interossei phalanx of sides of @
fingers II-IV metacarpals metacarpophalangea
l joint
*flex finger II-IV @
metacarpophalangea
l joint
*extend fingers II-IV
@ interphalangeal
joint
 Abdominal Muscles
ANTERIOR ABDOMEN
External Linea alba, External Anterior rami Compresses and
Oblique pubic tubercle, surfaces of of six inferior supports abdominal
anterior half of ribs 5-12 thoracic viscera, flexes and
iliac crest nerves rotates trunk

Internal Linea alba, Thoracolumba Anterior rami Compresses and

Oblique inferior r fascia, of six inferior supports abdominal
borders of ribs anterior 2/3 of thoracic viscera, flexes and
10-12, pubis via iliac crest, nerves rotates trunk
conjoint lateral half of
tendon inguinal
ligament

Rectus Xiphoid Pubic Anterior rami Flexes trunk and

Abdominis process, costal symphysis & of six inferior compresses
cartilages 5-7 pubic crest thoracic abdominal viscera
nerves

Transversus Linea alba with Internal Anterior rami Compresses and

Abdominis aponeurosis of surfaces of of six inferior supports abdominal
internal costal thoracic & viscera
abdominal cartilages 7- first lumbar
oblique, pubic 12, nerves
crest, and thoracolumba
pecten pubis r fascia, iliac
via conjoint crest, lateral
tendon third of
inguinal
ligament
Pyramidalis Linea alba Body of pubis, Iliohypogastr Tenses linea alba
anterior to ic nerve
rectus
abdominis

POSTERIOR ABDOMEN
Psoas Major Lesser Transverse Anterior rami Flexes hip and trunk,
trochanter of processes of of first three balances trunk in
femur lumbar lumbar sitting position,
vertebrae, nerves flexes vertebral
sides of column laterally and
bodies of acts superiorly &
T12-L5 inferiorly with iliacus
vertebrae,
intervening
intervertebral
discs

Psoas Minor Pectineal line, Vertebral Anterior rami Flexes pelvis on

iliopectineal margins of of first vertebral column
eminence T12-L1 lumbar
vertebrae, nerve
correspondin
g
intervertebral
disc
 Iliacus Lesser Superior 2/3 Femoral Flexes thigh at hips
trochanter & of iliac fossa, nerve and stabilizes hip
shaft of femur iliac crest, joint, acts with psoas
to psoas major ala of major
tendon sacrum,
anterior
sacroiliac
ligaments

Quadratus Iliolumbar Medial half of Anterior rami Extends and laterally

Lumborum ligament, inferior of T12 and flexes vertebral
internal lip of border of 12th first four column, fixes 12th rib
iliac crest rib, tips of lumbar during inspiration
lumbar nerves
transverse
processes

Diaphragm Converges into Xiphoid Phrenic Draws central tendon

central tendon process, nerve down & forward
lower six during inspiration
costal
cartilages L1-
L3 vertebrae

GLUTEAL REGION
Gluteus Iliotibial tract Posterior Inferior Extends and abducts
Maximus that inserts ilium to gluteal thigh, assists in
into lateral gluteal line, nerve lateral rotation
condyle of tibia sacrum &
(most fibers) coccyx,
and gluteal sacrotuberou
tuberosity of s ligament
femur (some
fibers)

Gluteus Medius Lateral surface Lateral Superior Abducts & medially

of greater surface of gluteal rotates thigh at hips;
trochanter of ilium nerve steadies pelvis on
femur between leg when opposite
anterior & leg is raised
posterior
gluteal lines

Gluteus Anterior Lateral Superior Abducts & medially

Minimus surface of surface of gluteal rotates thigh at hips;
greater ilium nerve steadies pelvis on
trochanter of between leg when opposite
femur anterior & leg is raised
inferior
gluteal lines

Tensor Fasciae Iliotibial tract Anterior Superior Abducts, medially

Latae superior iliac gluteal rotates and flexes
spine & iliac nerve thigh, keeps knee
crest extended
 Piriformis Superior Anterior Ventral rami Laterally rotates
border of surface of of L5, S1-S2 thigh & abducts
greater S2-S4 and flexed thigh
trochanter of sacrotuberou
femur s ligament

Obturator Medial surface Pelvic Nerve to Laterally rotates

Internus of greater surface of obturator extended thigh and
trochanter obturator internus abducts flexed thigh
membrane muscle

Obturator Trochanteric Margins of Obturator Laterally rotates

Externus fossa of femur obturator nerve thigh; stabilizes head
foramen, of femur in
obturator acetabulum
membrane

Gemellus Medial surface Outer Nerve to Laterally rotates

Superior of greater surface of obturator extended thigh and
trochanter of ischial spine internus abducts flexed thigh
femur muscle

Gemellus Medial surface Ischial Nerve to Laterally rotates

Inferior of greater tuberosity quadratus extended thigh and
trochanter of femoris abducts flexed thigh
femur muscle

Quadratus Quadrate Lateral Nerve to Laterally rotates

Femoris tubercle on margin of quadratus thigh
intertrochanter ischial femoris
ic crest of tuberosity muscle
femur

Iliopsoas *Iliacus into *transverse Lumbar *flex thigh @ hip joint

Psoas Major lesser processes & spinal *rotate thigh laterally
trochanter of bodies of Nerves (L2- *flex trunk on hips
femur lumbar L3) (sitting up in supine)
vertebrae
 Adductor *linea aspera *pubic crest Obturator *adducts & flexes
Longus of femur *pubic Nerve thigh @ hip joint
symphysis *rotates thigh
RMA: extends thigh

Adductor *superior half *inferior Obturator *adducts & flexes

Brevis of linea ramus of Nerve thigh @ hip joint
aspera of pubis *rotates thigh
femur RMA: extends thigh

Adductor *linea aspera *inferior Obturator & *adducts thigh @ hip

Magnus of femur ramus of Sciatic joint
pubis Nerve * rotates thigh
*ischium to *anterior part flexes
ischial thigh @ hip joint
tuberosity *posterior part
extends thigh @ hip
joint

Pectineus *pectineal line *superior Femoral *flexes thigh @ hip

of femur, ramus of Nerve joint
between pubis *adducts thigh @ hip
lesser joint
trochanter &
linea aspera

Perineum Muscles
Levator Ani *divided into 3 parts:
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Iliococcygeus

Pubococcygeu *coccyx *pubis Sacral *supports &

s *urethra *ischial spine Spinal maintains position of
*anal canal Nerves (S2- pelvic viscera
*perineal body S4) *resists increase in
of perineum intra-abdominal
*anococcygea pressure during
l ligament forced exhalation,
coughing, vomiting,
urination &
defecation
*constricts anus,
urethra & vagina
Puborectalis *forms a sling *posterior Sacral *helps maintain fecal
posterior to surface of Spinal continence
the anorectal pubic body Nerves (S2- *assists defecation
junction S4)

Iliococcygeus *coccyx *ischial spine Sacral *supports &

Spinal maintains position of
 Nerves (S2- pelvic viscera
S4) *resists increase in
intra-abdominal
pressure during
forced exhalation,
coughing, vomiting,
urination &
defecation
*constricts anus,
urethra & vagina

Coccygeus or *Lower *ischial spine Sacral *supports &

Ischiococcygeu sacrum Spinal maintains position of
s *Upper Nerves (S2- pelvic viscera
coccyx S4) *resists increase in
intra-abdominal
pressure during
forced exhalation,
coughing, vomiting,
urination &
defecation
*pulls coccyx
anteriorly following
defecation or
childbirth
Superficial Perineal Muscles
Superficial *perineal body *ischial Perineal *stabilizes perineal
Transverse of perineum tuberosity branch of body of perineum
Perineal pudendal
nerve of
sacral
plexus

Bulbospongios *perineal *perineal Perineal *helps expel urine

us membrane of body of branch of *helps propel semen
perineum perineum pudendal along urethra
*corpus nerve of *assists in erection of
spongiosum sacral penis
of penis plexus *constricts vaginal
*deep fascia orifice & assists
on dorsum of erection of clitoris
penis
*pubic arch &
root & dorsum
of clitoris
Ischiocavernos Corpora *ischial Perineal *maintains erection
us cavernosa of tuberosity branch of of penis & clitoris by
penis in male *ischial pudendal decreasing urine
& clitoris in *pubic rami nerve of drainage
female sacral
*pubic plexus
symphysis

Deep Perineal Muscles

Deep *perineal body *ischial Perineal *helps expel last
Transverse of perineum ramus branch of drops of urine &
Perineal pudendal semen in male
nerve of
sacral
plexus
 External *median *ischial Sacral Spine *helps expel last
Urethral raphe *pubic rami Nerves (S4) drops of urine &
Sphincter *vaginal wall semen in male &
Inferior female
Rectal
branch of
Pudendal
Nerve

Compressor *blends with *ischiopubic Perineal *serves as accessory

Urethrae same muscle ramus branch of sphincter of urethra
of opposite pudendal
No image available
side anterior nerve of
to urethra sacral
plexus
Sphincter *blends with *perineal Perineal *serves as accessory
Urethrovaginali same muscle body branch of sphincter of urethra
s of opposite pudendal *facilitates closing of
No image available
side anterior nerve of vagina
to urethra sacral
plexus
External Anal *perineal body *anococcyge Sacral Spine *keeps anal canal &
Sphincter of perineum al ligament Nerves (S4) anus closed

Inferior
Rectal
branch of
Pudendal
Nerve

Thigh Muscles
Medial Compartment of Thigh
IONA of pectineus, adductor magnus, longus & brevis muscle found @ gluteal section
Gracilis *medial *body & Obturator *adducts thigh @ hip
surface of inferior Nerve joint
body of tibia ramus of *medially rotates
pubis thigh
*flexes leg @ knee
joint

Anterior Compartment of Thigh (Quadratus Femoris Muscles)

Rectus *patella via *anterior Femoral *extend leg @ knee
Femoris quadriceps inferior iliac Nerve joint
tendon spine *flexes thigh @ hip
*tibial joint
tuberosity via
patellar
ligament

Vastus *patella via *greater Femoral *extend leg @ knee

Lateralis quadriceps trochanter Nerve joint
tendon *linea aspera
*tibial of femur
tuberosity via
patellar
ligament
 Vastus *patella via *linea aspera Femoral *extend leg @ knee
Medialis quadriceps of femur Nerve joint
tendon
*tibial
tuberosity via
patellar
ligament

Vastus *patella via *anterior & Femoral *extend leg @ knee

Intermedius quadriceps lateral Nerve joint
tendon surfaces of
*tibial femur
tuberosity via
patellar
ligament

Sartorius *medial *anterior Femoral *weakly flexes leg @

surface of superior iliac Nerve knee joint
tibia spine *weakly flexes,
abducts & laterally
rotates thigh @ hip
joint

Posterior Compartment of Thigh (Hamstring Muscles)

Bicep Femoris *head of fibula *long head Tibial & *flexes leg @ knee
*lateral from ischial Fibular joint
condyle of tuberosity Nerves from *extends thigh @ hip
tibia *short head Sciatic joint
from linea Nerve
aspera of
femur

Semitendinosu *proximal part *ischial Tibial & *flexes leg @ knee

s of medial tuberosity Fibular joint
surface of Nerves from *extends thigh @ hip
shaft of tibia Sciatic joint
Nerve

Semimembran *medial *ischial Tibial & *flexes leg @ knee

osus condyle of tuberosity Fibular joint
tibia Nerves from *extends thigh @ hip
Sciatic joint
Nerve

Leg Muscles
Anterior Compartment of Leg
Tibialis Anterior *Metatarsal I *lateral Deep *dorsiflexes foot @
*first condyle & Fibular ankle joint
cuneiform body of tibia Nerve *inverts foot @
*interosseou intertarsal joint
s membrane

Extensor *distal *anterior Deep *dorsiflexes foot @

Hallucis phalanx of surface of Fibular ankle joint
Longus great toe middle third Nerve *extends proximal
of fibula phalanx of great toe
*interosseou @
s membrane metatarsophalangeal
joint

Extensor *middle & *lateral Deep *dorsiflexes foot @

Digitorum distal condyle of Fibular ankle joint
Longus phalanges of tibia Nerve *extends distal &
toes II-V *anterior middle phalanges of
surface of each toe @
fibula interphalangeal joint
*interosseou *extends proximal
s membrane phalanx of each toe
@
metatarsophalangeal
joint

Fibularis *base of *distal third Deep Dorsiflexes foot @

Tertius metatarsal V of fibula Fibular ankle joint
*interosseou Nerve *everts foot @
s membrane intertarsal joint

Lateral Compartment of Leg

Fibularis *metatarsal I *head & body Superficial *plantar flexes foot
Longus *first of fibula Fibular @ ankle joint
cuneiform Nerve *everts foot @
interphalangeal joints

Fibularis Brevis *base of *distal half of Superficial *plantar flexes foot

metatarsal V body of fibula Fibular @ ankle joint
Nerve *everts foot @
interphalangeal joints

Superficial Posterior Compartment of Leg

Gastrocnemius *calcaneus by *lateral & Tibial Nerve *plantar flexes foot
way of medial @ ankle joint
calcaneal condyles of *flexes leg @ knee
tendon femur joint
*capsule of
knee

Soleus *calcaneus by *head of Tibial Nerve *plantar flexes foot

way of fibula @ ankle joint
calcaneal *medial
tendon border of
tibia

Plantaris *calcaneus by *lateral Tibial Nerve *plantar flexes foot

way of epicondyle of @ ankle joint
calcaneal femur *flexes leg @ knee
tendon joint

Deep Posterior Compartment of Leg

Popliteus *proximal tibia *lateral Tibial Nerve *flexes leg @ knee
condyle of joint
femur *medially rotates
tibia to unlock the
extended knee

Tibialis *metatarsals *proximal Tibial Nerve *plantar flexes foot

Posterior II-IV tibia @ ankle joint
*navicular *fibula *inverts foot @
*All 3 *interosseou intertarsal joint
cuneiforms s membrane

Flexor *distal *middle third Tibial Nerve *plantar flexes foot

Digitorum phalanges of of posterior @ ankle joint
Longus toes II-V surface of *flexes distal &
tibia middle phalanges of
toes II-V @
interphalangeal joint
*flexes proximal
phalanx of toes II-V
@
metatarsophalangeal
joint
Flexor Hallucis *distal *inferior 2/3 Tibial Nerve *plantar flexes foot
Longus phalanx of of posterior @ ankle joint
great toe Portion of *flexes distal phalanx
fibula of great toe @
interphalangeal joint
*flexes proximal
phalanx of great toe
@
metatarsophalangeal
joint

Intrinsic Foot Muscles

Dorsal
Extensor *proximal *calcaneus Deep *extends great toe @
Hallucis Brevis phalanx of *inferior Fibular metatarsophalangeal
great toe extensor Nerve joint
retinaculum

Extensor *middle *calcaneus Deep *extends toes II-IV

Digitorum phalanges of *inferior Fibular @ interphalangeal
Brevis toes II-IV extensor Nerve joint
retinaculum

Plantar (First Layer)

Abductor *medial side *calcaneus Medial *abducts & flexes
Hallucis of proximal *plantar Plantar great toe @
phalanx of aponeurosis Nerve metatarsophalangeal
great toe with *flexor joint
tendon of retinaculum
flexor hallucis
brevis

Flexor *Sides of *calcaneus Medial *flexes toes II-IV @

Digitorum middle *plantar Plantar proximal
Brevis phalanx of aponeurosis Nerve interphalangeal &
roes II-IV *flexor metatarsophalangeal
retinaculum joint

Abductor Digiti *lateral side of *calcaneus Lateral *abducts & flexes

Minimi proximal *plantar Plantar little toe @
phalanx of aponeurosis Nerve metatarsophalangeal
little toe W/ *flexor joint
tendon of retinaculum
flexor digiti
minimi brevis

Second Layer
Quadratus *tendon of *calcaneus Lateral *assist flexor
Plantae flexor Plantar digitorum longus to
digitorum Nerve only flex toes II-IV @
longus interphalangeal &
metatarsophalangeal
joint
 Lumbricals *tendons of *tendons of Medial & *extends toes II-IV
extensor flexor Lateral @ interphalangeal
digitorum digitorum Nerve joint
longus on longus *flex toes II-IV @
proximal metatarsophalangeal
phalanges of joint
toes II-IV

Third Layer
Flexor Hallucis *medial & *cuboid & Medial *Flexes great toe @
Brevis Lateral sides third Plantar metatarsophalangeal
of proximal cuneiform Nerve joint
phalanx of
great toe via
tendon
containing
sesamoid
bone

Adductor *lateral sides *metatarsal Lateral *extends toes II-IV

Hallucis of proximal II-IV Plantar @ interphalangeal
phalanx of *ligaments of Nerve joint
great toe metatarsal *flexes toes II-IV @
III-IV @ metatarsophalangeal
metatarsoph joint
alangeal joint
*tendon of
fibularis
longus

Flexor Digiti *lateral side of *metatarsal V Lateral *flexes little toe @

Minimi Brevis proximal *tendon og Plantar metatarsophalangeal
phalanx of fibularis Nerve joint
little toe longus

Fourth Layer
Dorsal *proximal *adjacent Lateral *abducts & flexes
Interossei phalanges: side of all Plantar toes II-IV @
both sides of metatarsals Nerve metatarsophalangeal
toe II & lateral joint
side of toes *extends toes @
III-IV interphalangeal joint

Plantar *medial side *metatarsals Lateral *adducts & flexes

Interossei of proximal III-V Plantar proximal phalanges
phalanges of Nerve of toes III-V @
toes III-V metatarsophalangeal
joint
*extends toes III-V
@ interphalangeal
joint