UEFA European Championship

The UEFA European Football Championship,[1] less formally the European

UEFA European
Championship and informally the Euros,[2][3] is the primary association
Championship
football tournament organised by the Union of European Football
Associations (UEFA). The competition is contested by UEFA members' senior
men's national teams, determining the continental champion of Europe.[4][5]
It is the second-most watched football tournament in the world after the FIFA
World Cup; the Euro 2016 final was watched by a global audience of around
600 million.[6] The competition has been held every four years since
1960,[7][8][9] except for 2020, when it was postponed until 2021 due to the
COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, but kept the name Euro 2020. Scheduled to be
in the even-numbered year between FIFA World Cup tournaments, it was
originally called the European Nations' Cup before changing to its current
name in 1968. Since 1996, the individual events have been branded as "UEFA
Euro [year]".

Before entering the tournament, all teams other than the host nations (which
qualify automatically) compete in a qualifying process. Until 2016, the
championship winners could compete in the following year's FIFA The European Championship
Confederations Cup, but were not obliged to do so.[10] From the 2020 edition trophy
onwards, the winner competes in the CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions.
Organising UEFA
The sixteen European Championship tournaments have been won by ten body
national teams: Germany and Spain have each won three titles, Italy and Founded 1958
France have won two titles, and the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, the Region Europe
Netherlands, Denmark, Greece and Portugal have won one title each. To date, Number of 24 (finals)
Spain is the only team to have won consecutive titles, doing so in 2008 and teams 55 (eligible to enter
2012. qualification)

The most recent championship, held across Europe in 2021 (postponed from Qualifier CONMEBOL–UEFA
2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic), was won by Italy, who lifted their for Cup of Champions
second European title after beating England in the final at Wembley Stadium Current Italy (2nd title)
in London on penalties.[11][12] champions
Most Germany
History successful Spain
team(s) (3 titles each)
Website uefa.com/uefaeuro
Beginnings (https://www.uefa.c
Regional tournaments for national teams existed before the advent of a truly om/uefaeuro/)
pan-European competition. Starting in 1883, the British Home Championship
UEFA Euro 2024
was an annual competition contested between the United Kingdom's four
national teams, England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. Until these national
teams entered the FIFA World Cup in 1950, it was the most important international tournament these nations
competed in. Similarly, from 1927 until 1960, the Central European International Cup was held six times. It
brought together the national teams of Austria, Hungary, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia.
The idea for a pan-European football tournament was first proposed by the French Football Federation's
secretary-general Henri Delaunay in 1927, but it was not until 1958 that the tournament was started, three
years after Delaunay's death.[13] In honour of Delaunay, the trophy awarded to the champions is named after
him.[14] The 1960 tournament, held in France, had four teams competing in the finals out of 17 that entered the
competition.[15] It was won by the Soviet Union, beating Yugoslavia 2–1 in a tense final in Paris.[16] Spain
withdrew from its quarter-final match against the Soviet Union because of two political protests.[17] Of the 17
teams that entered the qualifying tournament, notable absentees were England, the Netherlands, West
Germany and Italy.[18]

Spain held the next tournament in 1964, which saw an increase in entries to the qualification tournament, with
29 entering;[19] West Germany was a notable absentee once again and Greece withdrew after being drawn
against Albania, with whom they were still at war.[20] The hosts beat the title holders, the Soviet Union, 2–1 at
the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid.[21]

The tournament format stayed the same for the 1968 tournament, hosted and won by Italy.[22][23] For the first
and only time, a match was decided on a coin toss (the semi-final between Italy and the Soviet Union)[24] and
the final went to a replay, after the match against Yugoslavia finished 1–1.[25] Italy won the replay 2–0.[26] More
teams entered this tournament (31), a testament to its burgeoning popularity.[27]

Belgium hosted the 1972 tournament, which West Germany won, beating the Soviet Union 3–0 in the final, with
goals coming from Gerd Müller (twice) and Herbert Wimmer at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels.[28] This
tournament would provide a taste of things to come, as the German side contained many of the key members
of the 1974 FIFA World Cup-winning team.[29][30]

The 1976 tournament in Yugoslavia was the last in which only four teams took part in the final tournament,
and the last in which the hosts had to qualify. Czechoslovakia beat West Germany in the newly introduced
penalty shootout. After seven successful conversions, Uli Hoeneß missed, leaving Czechoslovakian Antonín
Panenka with the opportunity to score and win the tournament. An "audacious" chipped shot,[31] described by
UEFA as "perhaps the most famous spot kick of all time" secured the victory as Czechoslovakia won 5–3 on
penalties.[32]

Expansion to 8 teams
The competition was expanded to eight teams in the 1980 tournament, again hosted by Italy. It involved a
group stage, with the winners of the groups going on to contest the final, and the runners-up playing in the
third place play-off.[33] West Germany won their second European title by beating Belgium 2–1, with two goals
scored by Horst Hrubesch at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome.[34] Horst Hrubesch scored early in the first half
before René Vandereycken equalised for Belgium with a penalty in the second half. With two minutes
remaining, Hrubesch headed the winner for West Germany from a Karl-Heinz Rummenigge corner.[35]

France won their first major title at home in the 1984 tournament, with their captain Michel Platini scoring 9
goals in just 5 games, including the opening goal in the final, in which they beat Spain 2–0.[36][37] The format
also changed, with the top two teams in each group going through to a semi-final stage, instead of the winners
of each group going straight into the final. The third place play-off was also abolished. The losing teams from
the semi-finals win the bronze medal. [38]

West Germany hosted UEFA Euro 1988, but lost 2–1 to the Netherlands, their
traditional rivals, in the semi-finals, which sparked vigorous celebrations in
the Netherlands.[39][40] The Netherlands went on to win the tournament in a
rematch of their first game of the group stage, beating the Soviet Union 2–0 at
the Olympia Stadion in Munich.[41] Marco van Basten scored the second goal, a
volley over the keeper from the right wing which is often considered one of
the best goals ever scored.[42]
Ruud Gullit and the Netherlands
UEFA Euro 1992 was held in Sweden, and was won by Denmark, who were
team celebrating their victory in
only in the finals after UN sanctions prevented Yugoslavia's participation as
1988
some of the states constituting the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
were at war with each other.[43][44] The Danes beat holders the Netherlands on
penalties in the semi-finals,[45] then defeated world champion Germany 2–0.[46] This was the first tournament
in which a unified Germany took part and also the first major tournament to have the players' names printed
on their backs.

Expansion to 16 teams
England hosted UEFA Euro 1996, the first tournament to use the nomenclature "Euro [year]" and would see the
number of teams taking part double to 16.[47] The hosts, in a replay of the 1990 FIFA World Cup semi-final, were
knocked out on penalties by Germany.[48] The surprise team of the tournament was the newly formed Czech
Republic, participating on its first international competition following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, which
reached the final after beating Portugal and France in the knockout stage. Germany would go on to win the
final 2–1 thanks to the first golden goal ever in a major tournament, scored by Oliver Bierhoff five minutes into
extra time.[49][50] This was Germany's first title as a unified nation.

UEFA Euro 2000 was the first tournament to be held by two countries, in the Netherlands and Belgium.[51]
France, the reigning World Cup champions, were favoured to win, and they lived up to expectations when they
beat Italy 2–1 after extra time, having come from being 1–0 down: Sylvain Wiltord equalised in the last minute
of regular time and David Trezeguet scored the winning golden goal in extra time.[52]

UEFA Euro 2004, like 1992, produced an upset: Greece, who had only qualified
for one World Cup (1994) and one European Championship (1980) before, beat
hosts Portugal 1–0 in the final (after having also beaten them in the opening
game) with a goal scored by Angelos Charisteas in the 57th minute to win a
tournament for which they were considered among the biggest
underdogs.[53][54] On their way to the Final, they also beat holders France[55]
as well as the Czech Republic with a silver goal,[56][57] a rule which replaced
the previous golden goal in 2003, before being abolished itself shortly after
this tournament. The UEFA Euro 2004 opening
ceremony in Portugal.
The 2008 tournament, hosted by Austria and Switzerland, marked the second
time that two nations co-hosted and the first edition where the new trophy
was awarded.[58] It commenced on 7 June and finished on 29 June.[59] The final between Germany and Spain
was held at the Ernst Happel Stadion in Vienna.[60] Spain defeated Germany 1–0, with a goal scored by
Fernando Torres in the 33rd minute, sparking much celebration across the country.[61] This was their first title
since the 1964 tournament. Spain were the highest scoring team with 12 goals scored and David Villa finished
as the top scorer with four goals. Xavi was awarded the player of the tournament, and nine Spanish players
were picked for the team of the tournament.

The UEFA Euro 2012 tournament was co-hosted by Poland and Ukraine.[62] Spain defeated Italy 4–0 in the Final,
thus becoming the first nation to defend a European Championship title, as well as the first European team to
win three consecutive major tournaments.[63] In scoring the third goal of the final, Torres became the first
player to score in two European Championship finals. He was equal top scorer for the tournament with three
goals in total, along with Mario Balotelli, Alan Dzagoev, Mario Gómez, Mario Mandžukić, and Cristiano
Ronaldo, despite only being used as a substitute player. The tournament was otherwise notable for having the
most headed goals in a Euro tournament (26 out of 76 goals in total); a disallowed goal in the England versus
Ukraine group game which replays showed had crossed the goal line, and which prompted President of FIFA
Sepp Blatter to tweet, "GLT (Goal-line technology) is no longer an alternative but a necessity",[64] thus reversing
his long-held reluctance to embrace such technology; and some crowd violence in group games.

Expansion to 24 teams
In 2007, the Football Association of Ireland and Scottish Football Association proposed the expansion of the
tournament, which was later confirmed by the UEFA Executive Committee in September 2008.[65][66] Out of the
54 member associations of UEFA, only three, including England and Germany, opposed the expansion.[67] On 28
May 2010, UEFA announced that UEFA Euro 2016 would be hosted by France. France beat bids of Turkey (7–6 in
voting in the second voting round) and Italy, which had the fewest votes in the first voting round.[68] Euro 2016
was the first to have 24 teams in the finals.[69] This was the third time France have hosted the competition.
Portugal, which qualified for the knock-out phase despite finishing third in its group, went on to win the
championship by defeating heavily favoured host team France 1–0 in the Final, thanks to a goal from Eder in
the 109th minute. Cristiano Ronaldo, Portugal's world-renowned striker, came out of the game due to injury in
the 25th minute. This was the first time Portugal won a major tournament.

For the 2020 tournament, three bids were proposed, including a bid from Turkey,[70] a joint bid from the
Republic of Ireland, Scotland and Wales,[71] and a joint bid from Georgia and Azerbaijan.[72] In December 2012,
however, UEFA announced that the 2020 tournament would be hosted in several cities in various countries
across Europe, with the semi-finals and final being played in London.[73][74] The venues were selected and
announced by UEFA on 19 September 2014.[75] However, Brussels was removed as a host city on 7 December
2017 due to delays with the building of the Eurostadium.[76] On 17 March 2020, UEFA announced that Euro
2020 would be delayed by a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, and proposed it take place from 11
June to 11 July 2021. The competition was postponed in order to reduce pressure on the public services in
affected countries and to provide space in the calendar for the completion of domestic leagues that had been
suspended.[77] Before the Euro 2020, Dublin was also removed as one of the host cities due to its inability to
guarantee spectators to the stadium, while Bilbao was replaced by Seville for the same reason.[78][79] In the
Final, Italy defeated maiden finalists England 3–2 on penalties, after the game was tied 1–1 after extra time, to
win their second European Championship.[80]

Trophy
The Henri Delaunay Trophy, which is awarded to the winner of the European
Championship,[81] is named in honour of Henri Delaunay, the first General
Secretary of UEFA, who came up with the idea of a European championship but
died five years before the first tournament in 1960. His son Pierre was in charge
of creating the trophy.[82] Since the first tournament it has been awarded to the
winning team for them to keep for four years, until the next tournament. This
trophy bore the words Coupe d'Europe ("European Cup"), Coupe Henri Delaunay
("Henri Delaunay Cup"), and Championnat d'Europe ("European Championship")
on the front and a juggling boy on the back.

For the 2008 tournament, the Henri Delaunay Trophy was remodelled to make it
larger, as the old trophy was overshadowed by UEFA's other trophies such as the
new European Champion Clubs' Cup. The new trophy, which is made of sterling
silver, now weighs 8 kilograms (18 lb) and is 60 centimetres (24 in) tall, being 2
kilograms (4.4 lb) heavier and 18 centimetres (7.1 in) longer than the old one. The
marble plinth that was serving as base was removed. The new silver base of the
trophy had to be enlarged to make it stable. The names of the winning countries
that had appeared on the plaques glued to the plinth are now engraved on the
back of the trophy,[83] under the word Coupe Henri Delaunay and are written in
English rather than French its predecessor had. Since 2016, the juggling boy was
The trophy on display in 2021
returned on the trophy's back.

The players and coaches of the winning team and the runner-up team are awarded gold and silver medals,
respectively. Each association that competes in the final tournament receives a commemorative plaque. Each
time the team losing semi-finalist, as well as each finalist, receive a dedicated plaque. Though there is no longer
a third place play-off, UEFA decided in the 2008 edition to award the semi-final losers (Turkey and Russia)
bronze medals for the first time,[84] and did the same in the 2012 edition when Germany and Portugal received
bronze medals.[85] However, UEFA decided that losing semi-finalists would no longer receive medals from the
2016 edition onwards.[86] Bronze medals were previously awarded for winners of the third place play-off, the
last of which was held in 1980.[87]

Format

The competition
Before 1980, only four teams qualified for the final tournament. From 1980, eight teams competed. In 1996 the
tournament expanded to 16 teams, since it was easier for European nations to qualify for the World Cup than
their own continental championship; 14 of the 24 teams at the 1982, 1986 and 1990 World Cups had been
European, whereas the European Championship finals still involved only eight teams.

In 2007, there was much discussion about an expansion of the tournament to 24 teams, started by Scotland and
the Republic of Ireland, due to the increased number of football associations in Europe after the break-ups of
Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, and the inclusion of Israel and Kazakhstan. The new
president of UEFA, Michel Platini, was reported to be in favour of expansion which proved an accurate
assumption. Whilst on 17 April 2007, UEFA's executive committee formally decided against expansion in 2012,
Platini indicated in June 2008 that UEFA will increase participation from 16 to 24 teams in future tournaments,
starting from 2016.[88] On 25 September, it was announced by Franz Beckenbauer that an agreement had been
reached, and the expansion to 24 teams would be officially announced the next day.[89]

The competing teams are chosen by a series of qualifying games: in 1960 and 1964 through home and away
play-offs; from 1968 through a combination of both qualifying groups and play-off games. The host country was
selected from the four finalists after they were determined through qualifying.

Since the expansion of the final tournament starting from 1980, the host country, or countries, have been
chosen beforehand and qualify automatically.

In most tournaments, the tournament consists of a round-robin group stage followed by a single-elimination
knockout stage.
 Matches
Year Teams Format
Min. Act.

1960 4 4
1964 4 4

1968 4 4 5 semi-finals, 3rd-place match, final

1972 4 4
1976 4 4

1980 8 14 2 groups of 4, 3rd-place match, final

1984 8 15
1988 8 15 2 groups of 4, semi-finals, final

1992 8 15

1996 16 31
2000 16 31

2004 16 31 4 groups of 4, quarter-finals, semi-finals, final

2008 16 31
2012 16 31

2016 24 51
2020 24 51

2024 24 51 6 groups of 4, round of 16, quarter-finals, semi-finals, final

2028 24 51
2032 24 51

Up to 1968 draws were to be broken via a coin toss in all matches but the final, draw in final match was
resolved via a replay.

No third place play-off has been played since 1980.

Qualifying
To qualify, a team must finish in one of the direct qualifying spots or win a play-off. After this, a team proceeds
to the finals round in the host country, although hosts qualify for the tournament automatically.

The groups for qualification are drawn by a UEFA committee using seeding. Seeded teams include reigning
champions and other teams based on their performance in the preceding FIFA World Cup qualifying and the
last European Championship qualifying. To obtain an accurate view of the teams' abilities, a ranking is
produced. This is calculated by taking the total number of points won by a particular team and dividing it by
the number of games played, i.e. points per game. In the case of a team having hosted one of the two previous
competitions and therefore having qualified automatically, only the results from the single most recent
qualifying competition are used. If two teams have equal points per game, the committee then bases their
positions in the rankings on:

1. Coefficient from the matches played in its most recent qualifying competition.
2. Average goal difference.
3. Average number of goals scored.
4. Average number of away goals scored.
5. Drawing of lots.
The qualifying phase is played in a group format, the composition of the groups is determined through means
of a draw of teams from pre-defined seeded bowls. The draw takes place after the preceding World Cup's
qualifying competition. For UEFA Euro 2020, the group qualifying phase consisted of ten groups; five of six
teams and the remainder of five teams each.

Each group is played in a league format with teams playing each other home and away. The top two teams then
qualified for the final tournament, with remaining places decided by playoffs depending on their ranking in the
UEFA Nations League. As with most leagues, the points are awarded as three for a win, one for a draw, and
none for a loss. In the eventuality of one or more teams having equal points after all matches have been played,
the following criteria are used to distinguish the sides:

1. Higher number of points obtained in the group matches played among the teams in question.
2. Superior goal difference from the group matches played among the teams in question.
3. Higher number of goals scored in the group matches played among the teams in question.
4. Higher number of goals scored away from home in the group matches played among the teams in question.
5. Results of all group matches:
1. Superior goal difference
2. Higher number of goals scored
3. Higher number of goals scored away from home
4. Fair play conduct.
6. Drawing of lots.

Final tournament
Sixteen teams progressed to the final
tournament for the 2012 tournament.
They were joint hosts Poland and
Ukraine, the winners and the highest
ranked second-placed team from the nine
qualifying groups as well as the winners
of four play-off matches between the
runners-up of the other groups. These
sixteen teams were divided equally into
four groups, A, B, C and D, each consisting
of four teams. The groups were drawn up
by the UEFA administration, again using
seeding. The seeded teams being the host
nations, the reigning champions, should
they qualify, and those with the best
points per game coefficients over the
qualifying phase of the tournament and
the previous World Cup qualifying. Other
finalists were assigned to by means of a
draw, using coefficients as a basis.
Map of countries' best results. 10 countries have won, counting Germany and
For the 2016 tournament, the expansion West Germany as one. Dark gray means never qualified as an independent
to 24 teams means that the teams will be nation. Those with a white dot won with the Soviet Union in 1960. Some
drawn into six groups of four, with the nations with a yellow square did not host a whole tournament but only one or
six group winners, six group runners-up more matches in the 2020 tournament.
and the four best third-placed teams
advancing to the round of 16 when it
becomes a knockout competition.[86]

The groups are again played in a league format, where a team plays its opponents once each. The same points
system is used (three points for a win, one point for a draw, no points for a defeat). A schedule for the group
matches will be drawn up, but the last two matches in a group must kick off simultaneously. The winner and
runner-up of each group progress to the next round, where a knockout system is used (the two teams play each
other once, the winner progresses), this is used in all subsequent rounds as well. The winners of the quarter-
finals matches progress to the semi-finals, where the winners play in the final. If in any of the knockout rounds,
the scores are still equal after normal playing time, extra time and penalties are employed to separate the two
teams. Unlike the FIFA World Cup, this tournament no longer has a third place playoff.

Results
Final Third place playoff Number
Year Host Runners- Fourth of
Winners Score Third place Score teams
up place

2–1
1960 France 2–0 4
Soviet Union (a.e.t.) Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia France

3–1
1964 Spain 2–1 Soviet 4
Spain Hungary (a.e.t.) Denmark
Union

1–1
(a.e.t.)
1968 Italy 2–0 Soviet 4
Italy 2–0 Yugoslavia England Union
(replay)

1972 Belgium 3–0 Soviet 2–1 4

West Germany Belgium Hungary
Union

2–2
3–2
1976 Yugoslavia (a.e.t.) West 4
Czechoslovakia Netherlands (a.e.t.) Yugoslavia
(5–3 p) Germany

1–1 [a]
1980 Italy 2–1 Czechoslovakia (9–8 p) Italy 8
West Germany Belgium
[b]
Losing semi-finalists

1984 France 2–0 Denmark and Portugal 8

France Spain

1988 West Germany 2–0 Soviet Italy and West Germany 8

Netherlands Union

1992 Sweden 2–0 Netherlands and Sweden 8

Denmark Germany

2–1
1996 England Czech England and France 16
Germany (g.g.)
Republic

Belgium 2–1
2000 Netherlands and Portugal 16
Netherlands France (g.g.) Italy

Czech Republic and

2004 Portugal 1–0 16
Greece Portugal Netherlands

Austria
2008 1–0 Russia and Turkey 16
Switzerland Spain Germany

Poland
2012 4–0 Germany and Portugal 16
Ukraine Spain Italy
 1–0
2016 France Germany and Wales 24
Portugal (a.e.t.) France

1–1
2020[c] Europe[d] (a.e.t.) Denmark and Spain 24
Italy (3–2 p) England

2024 Germany 24

England
Northern
Ireland
2028 Republic of 24
Ireland
Scotland
Wales

Italy
2032 24
Turkey

Notes

a. No extra time was played.

b. No third place play-off has been played since 1980; losing semi-finalists are listed in alphabetical order.
c. Postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe.
d. Pan–European edition hosted by eleven countries: Azerbaijan, Denmark, England, Germany, Hungary, Italy,
the Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Scotland and Spain.

Summary
Team Winners Runners-up

Germany1 3 (1972, 1980, 1996) 3 (1976, 1992, 2008)

Spain 3 (1964*, 2008, 2012) 1 (1984)

Italy 2 (1968*, 2020*) 2 (2000, 2012)

France 2 (1984*, 2000) 1 (2016*)

2 1 (1960) 3 (1964, 1972, 1988)
Russia

Czech Republic3 1 (1976) 1 (1996)

Portugal 1 (2016) 1 (2004*)

Slovakia3 1 (1976) —

Netherlands 1 (1988) —

Denmark 1 (1992) —
Map of winners
Greece 1 (2004) —

Serbia4 — 2 (1960, 1968)

Belgium — 1 (1980)

England — 1 (2020*)

* hosts
1 named West Germany until 1990
2 includes results representing the
Soviet Union
3 both the Czech Republic and Slovakia inherited Czechoslovakia's 1976 title[90]
 4 includes results representing Yugoslavia

Records and statistics

Awards
There are currently five post-tournament awards, and one given during the tournament:[91]

Player of the Tournament award for the best player, first awarded in 1996.[92][93]
Top Scorer award (currently named Alipay Top Scorer award for sponsorship reasons) for the most prolific
goal scorer.[94][95]
Young Player of the Tournament (currently named SOCAR Young Player of the Tournament for sponsorship
reasons) for the best player under the age of 21, first awarded in 2016.[96][97]
Man of the Match award for outstanding performance during each game of the tournament, first awarded in
1996.
Team of the Tournament award for the best combined team of players in the tournament.

See also
British Home Championship
Central European International Cup
UEFA European Championship mascot
UEFA European Championship records and statistics
UEFA European Championship top goalscorers
UEFA European Championship Teams of the Tournament
UEFA European Under-17 Championship
UEFA European Under-19 Championship
UEFA European Under-21 Championship
UEFA Women's Championship

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External links
UEFA European Championship history (https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/) at Union of European
Football Associations
European Championship results (https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/eurochamp.html) at the RSSSF

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