Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

Identify one that is not the element of IoT Recognize the first IoT Device The role of gateway is to____
Recall/ Remembering Recall/ Remembering Application

a) People a) Smart Watch a)Collect Data

b) Process b)ATM b)Manage Data

c) Security c)Radio c)Security

d) Things d) Video Card d)Store Data

Ans: <c> Ans: <b> Ans: <a>

Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

IoT is evolved from ___ communication IoT is natural extension of _____ ___ are smart devices that uses
embedded processors, sensors and
communication hardware to collect and
send data which is acquired from
environment.
Recall/ Remembering Understanding Understanding

a) M2M a) I3.0 a) Computers

b) B2B b) Smart Factory b) Networks

c) M2B c) Computer c) Things

d) M2H d) SCADA d) Protocols

Ans: <a> Ans: <d> Ans: <c>

 Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

Device layer elements are______ Analysis, Storage and Management of Machine Learning and visualization
data accomplished at _____ technology generally accomplished at
____

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

b) Sensors, Actuators, Transceivers e) IoT Gateway level a) IoT Gateway

f) PLC, SCADA b) Data centre/cloud b)Sensor level

g) Cloud, Data centre c)Edge IT c) Edge IT

h) Switches, Gateways d) Interface of sensors and actuators d)Things level

Ans: <a> Ans: <b> Ans: <c>

Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

_____ devices are able to intervene the Operations on server side is done Data aggregation and Data Acquisition
physical reality like switching of the light at_____ systems takes place at ___ layer
or adjust the temperature of room.
Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

b) IoT Gateway a) Device Layer a) Stage 2 Gateway level

b) Cloud b) Gateway Layer b) Stage 1 Sensor level

c) Sensors c) Platform Layer c) Stage 3 Edge IT level

d) Actuators d) Data Centre d) Stage 4 Cloud level

Ans: <d> Ans: <b> Ans: <a>

 Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

The role of sensor is to _____ Devices that provide tamper detection, Wi-Fi, Ethernet, WAN can be examples of
encryption, hardware random generation ____ with respect to IoT architecture
and cryptography are___ layer.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

c) collect data i) Sensor a) Management services

j) store data b) Cloud b) Gateway and Network

k) Security c) Gateway c)Sensors

l) Manage data d) Actuator d)Application

Ans: <a> Ans: <c> Ans: <b>

Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

Data is aggregated, summarised, filtered Advanced analytics and monitoring IoT ____ Devices are referred as control tier.
and forwarded by ___ for further ecosystem is provided by___
processing.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Understanding

c) IoT gateway a)IoT gateway a)IoT gateway

b) Cloud b) Cloud b) Cloud

c) Sensor c) Sensor c) Sensor

d) Actuator d) Actuator d) Actuator

Ans: <c> Ans: <b> Ans: <a>

 Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

Vehicle Communication, driverless car, "______” is the industry term for the Real time driver monitor system to detect
connected cars are the examples of IoT in: manufacture of finished products that are monitor fatigue level of driver using IoT in
distinct items capable of being easily automotive includes
counted, touched or seen"

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

d) Agriculture m) Discrete Manufacturing a) RFID Tags

n) Electronics b) Smart Manufacturing b) Sensors for GPS

o) Automotive c) Digital Manufacturing c) Fluid level sensors

p) Discrete Manufacturing d) Intelligent Manufacturing d) "Sensors to detect

eye blinks, gas, impact sensors and
alcohol detecting sensors"
Ans: <c> Ans: <a> Ans: <d>

Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

Which of the following is more Aircraft or satellite manufacturing is an Smart farming can be achieved by
appropriate about connected cars? example of discrete manufacturing with using:

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

a) Cars with GPS capability a) High Complexity and Low volume a) Humidity sensors

b) Cars with internet surf capabilities b) Low Complexity and high volume b) IoT stick

c) Internet enabled cars having c) Low Complexity and low volume c) pH sensors
communication with other cars

d) Car with infotainment service d) High Complexity and high volume d) Temperature sensors

Ans: <c> Ans: <a> Ans: <b>

 Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

----------------- is the direct contact Human Machine Interface [HMI] is used Operator Interface Terminal [OIT] are
between two smart objects when they in used
share information instantaneously
without intermediaries.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

e) Device to Device q) Control and monitor machines a) Development

r) Device to Gateway b) Processes b) Deployment

s) Gateway to Data systems c)Smart Buildings c) Maintenance

t) Between data systems d)All of above d) All of above

Ans: <a> Ans: <b> Ans: <d>

Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

Sensor –PLC-SCADA- Cloud Data route' : Correlate the technologies / devices / ____ is an part of IoT ecosystem that
functions between Group A and Group B: handles communication with local
Group A servers and remote users.
a. PLC b. Gateways c. Cloud d. Things
Group B:
i. Sensor ii. SCADA iii. Collate and transfer
data iv. Big data
Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

a) parameter chart, Computer,PLCSCADA, a) a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i a) Edge Tier

Cloud.
b) PLC- SCADA, Computer, Cloud, Cloud b) a- ii, b-iv, c-i, d-iii b) Application layer
and on premises applications.
c) PLC, SCADA, Gateway, Cloud and on c) a- i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv c) Cloud Tier
premises applications.
d) PLC, SCADA, Cloud, On premises d) a-ii, b-iv, c-iii, d-i d) Data way Tier
applications

Ans: <b> Ans: <a> Ans: <d>

 Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

____ Technologies enables user to The aspects like Economy, Business, Society I4.0 was implemented in
produce more and faster with efficient was impacted by____
allocation of resources.
Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

f) I1.0 u) I1.0 a)Cyber security

v) I2.0 b) I2.0 b)IT support

w) I3.0 c) I3.0 c)Data Management

x) I4.0 d) I4.0 d)Planning and control

Ans: <b> Ans: <a> Ans: <a>

Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

The scope of I 4.0 is ___ Scalability in production in Smart Factory For automation in PLC’s and Robots ___
was implemented by using_____ generation of IoT was used.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

d) Real time a) I1.0 a) I1.0

b) Non Real time b) I2.0 b) I2.0

c) Global in nature c) I3.0 c) I3.0

d) Non Global in nature d) I4.0 d) I4.0

Ans: <a> Ans: <d> Ans: <c>

Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

----------------- is the direct contact Human Machine Interface [HMI] is used Operator Interface Terminal [OIT] are
between two smart objects when they in used
share information instantaneously
without intermediaries.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

g) Device to Device y) Control and monitor machines a) Development

z) Device to Gateway b) Processes b) Deployment

aa) Gateway to Data systems c)Smart Buildings c) Maintenance

bb) Between data systems d)All of above d) All of above

Ans: <a> Ans: <b> Ans: <d>
 Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

Industrial Revolution is____ The series of events best describes the "The Scopes of I4.0 are:
transforming from I1.0 to I4.0 are:
Recall/ Remembering Understanding Understanding

h) Significant changes that affects a cc) "Mechanization of production, a)Real time

single industry only introduction of mass production, the
digital revolution"

dd) New technologies and novel ways of b) "Mechanization of production ,invention b)Not real time
perceiving the world that trigger a of steamships and railroads, the digital
profound change in economic and revolution"
social structure
ee) An event that happened in a c) Discovery of electricity, the growth of c)Interconnected Global systems
previous century and doesn't affect mass production, the digital revolution.
modern society
ff) A series of technological advances d) Mechanization of production, the d)Real time and Interconnected Global
that may or may not have a agrarian revolution, the digital revolution systems
profound effect on society

Ans: <b> Ans: <a> Ans: <d>

Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

First industrial revolution began with What is the Key impact of third "Correlate the following evolutions stages
revolution? with their associated characteristics
respectively:
a. I1.0 b.I2.0 c. I3.0 d. I4.0
i. Mass Production ii. Steam Power
iii. Concept of SMART iv. Assembly line"

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

e) Electrification a) Agrarian society become more urban a) a- ii, b-iv, c-iii, d-i

b) Mass production b) The world became less reliant on b) a- ii, b-iv, c-i, d-iii
animals and humans for energy creation
c) Electronics c) Mass production created more jobs for c) a- i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv
skilled workers
d) Mechanization. d) Electronics and information technology d) a- i, b-ii, c-iv, d-iii
began to automate production.
Ans: <d> Ans: <b> Ans: <b>
 Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

____ Technologies enables user to The aspects like Economy, Business, Society I4.0 was implemented in
produce more and faster with efficient was impacted by____
allocation of resources.
Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

i) I1.0 gg) I1.0 a)Cyber security

hh) I2.0 b) I2.0 b)IT support

ii) I3.0 c) I3.0 c)Data Management

jj) I4.0 d) I4.0 d)Planning and control

Ans: <b> Ans: <a> Ans: <a>

Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

The scope of I 4.0 is ___ Scalability in production in Smart Factory For automation in PLC’s and Robots ___
was implemented by using_____ generation of IoT was used.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

f) Real time a) I1.0 a) I1.0

b) Non Real time b) I2.0 b) I2.0

c) Global in nature c) I3.0 c) I3.0

d) Non Global in nature d) I4.0 d) I4.0

Ans: <a> Ans: <d> Ans: <c>

Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

IIoT included devices are located in____ The QoS concerns in IIoT are IoT applications covers domains like

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

j) Factory floor kk) Legacy systems and devices a)Home automation

ll) Commercial offices b) Intelligent robots b)Connectedness networks

mm)Homes c) Augmented reality c)HVAC

nn) Consumer settings d) All of above d)Energy grid

Ans: <a> Ans: <d> Ans: <a>

 Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

The maintenance in IIoT is The security requirements in IIoT are: IIoT was implemented in applications
like___

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

g) Consumer preferred a) Identification a) Sensitive Sensors

b) Scheduled b)Privacy b) Advanced Control techniques

c) Organized c) Protecting against access c) Simple applications with low risk

d) Scheduled and Organized d) No Protection against access d) Advanced analytics

Ans: <d> Ans: <c> Ans: <c>

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
IoT is evolved from: ____ is being used by ____ is not a concern of IoT is built on: ___ is the common
IoT IoT industrial deployment
of IoT
Recall/ Remembering Understanding Understanding Understanding Application

a)M2M a)Broadband a) Data storage a) Network of data a)Sensor Network

standards gathering sensors
b)B2B b)Satellite b)Efficiency b)Cloud computing b)Internet connected
devices
c)M2B c)Cable c) Privacy c) Both of these c)Smart metering

d)M2H d) Radio Identification d)Cyber security d) None of these d)Home automation

Technology devices
Ans: <a> Ans: <d> Ans: <b> Ans: <c> Ans:<c>
Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q 10
"The digital factory "Wi-Fi, Ethernet, WAN "Actuators" main IoT gateway must Communication
represents an can be examples of function is to provide______ between sensors and
engineering system ____ with respect to IoT gateway nodes is called
that mainly consists of architecture layers." as:
three aspects"

Recall/ Remembering Application Understanding Understanding Understanding

a)"intercommunication, a) Gateway and a) devices are able to a) Protocol Abstraction a)Device to Device
collaboration and Network intervene the physical
execution" reality
b) "interconnection, b) Management Service b) Analysis and storage b) Data storage b)Device to Gateway
communication and of data
execution"
c) "interconnection, c) Sensors c) Get information c) Simple and fast c)Gateway to data
collaboration and installation systems
execution"
d) "interconnection, d) Application d) Analysis and d) Security with d)Between data
collaboration and management of data hardware systems
expansion"

Ans: <c> Ans: <a> Ans: <a> Ans: <d> Ans:<b>

Q 11 Q 12 Q 13 Q14 Q 15
HMI's can also be called Precision Agriculture is Agriculture IoT stick is a Nut and Bolt "To model the driving
as about smart gadget that manufacturing is an behaviour and to
works on principle of example of discrete detect driving patterns
manufacturing with such as sharp turns,
sudden acceleration,
hard braking, drifting
and speeding sensors
used in automotive are"
Recall/ Remembering Application Understanding Understanding Understanding
a) Human Man a) Weather forecasting a) plug and sense a) High complexity and a) Voice, face print or
Interface and management low volume finger
b) Human Machine b) Adequate crop water b) plug and play b)low complexity and b) GPS, Gyroscope,
Interconnection management low volume orientation sensors,
and accelerometer
c) Operational c) Pest management c) plug and work c) High complexity and c) Emission, mileage
Interface and control high volume sensor
Terminals
d) Operational d) Food monitoring and d) plug and socket d) low complexity and d) Ultrasonic sensor,
Interface safety management. high volume pressure and
Technology temperature sensor
Ans: <b> Ans: <a> Ans: <a> Ans: <d> Ans:<b>
Q 16 Q 17 Q 18 Q19 Q 20
____ evolution was Digital mapping and Large scale The IIoT provides Industrial Revolution is
called the digital virtualization of real Manufacturing leads to connection between
evolution. world was done by ____
evolution.
Recall/ Remembering Recall/ Remembering Understanding Understanding Understanding
a) First a) First a) Improved Efficiency a) People to People a) Significant changes
that affects a single
industry only
b) Second b) Second b) Cost reduction b)People to Internet b) New technologies
and novel ways of
perceiving the world
that trigger a
profound change in
economic and social
structure
c) Third c) Third c) Improved c) Peer to Peer c) An event that
supply/demand happened in a
matching. previous century and
doesn't affect modern
society

d) Fourth d) Fourth d) Flexibility and Agility d) People to Machine d) A series of

technological
advances that may or
may not have a
profound effect on
society
Ans: <c> Ans: <d> Ans: <b> Ans: <c> Ans:<b>

Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

A smart home incorporates all the ______________ provides ability to Lights can be turn ON when aphoto-
advanced___________. monitor and control various home electric sensor detects that it’s dark. It is
devices through wireless connection. possible in one of the following system.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

k) Automation Systems oo) Optical Fibre pp) Security System

qq) Ignition Systems b) Motor. b) Home Automation System

rr) Backup Systems c) Smart Home c) Safety System.

ss) Traffic Control Systems. d) Generator d) Networking system.

Ans: <a> Ans: <c> Ans: <b>

 Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

The oldest and best-known smart home X-10 home automation system Name the device that constantly crawls
automation system is_______________. uses___________ to send regular around floors sweeping the dust.
switching signal.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

a) A-10 a)Household electricity wiring a)Hair dryer
b) B-10 b)RF cable l) Robotic vacuum cleaner

c) C-10 c)Telephone Cable m) Electric oven

d) X-10 d)Optic fibre n) Refrigerator

Ans: <d> Ans: <a> Ans: <b>

Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

____________are main component of Video monitoring system for home The use of ______________ can assured
home appliances control system. consists of _____________and that family will be safe from unforeseen
____________ . dangers.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

a) Amplifier, equaliser, oscillator. a) camera , displays a) Smart door

b) modulator, mixer, local b) generator, motor b) Smart meter

c) oscilator
voltage amplifier, filter, power c) heater, compressor c) Smart dustbin
amplifier
d) Sensors, processors, relay d) oscillator, mixer d) Smart TV

Ans: <d> Ans: <a> Ans: <a>

Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

Home appliances in smart home can be "Hey Google, turn on all lights.". This Identify the one that is not provided in
controlled remotely over long distance is voice command is for _______________ smart home.
possible due to _________________ used in smart home.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

a) amplifiers a) Amazon Alexa a) Comfort, security and
b) web-based application b) Google Home b) convenience.
Remote automation.

c) repeater c) Apple's Home Kit, c) Improving traffic flow on road

d) splitter d) Amazon Prime d) Save time and effort.

Ans: <b> Ans: <b> Ans: <c>

 Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

Select caption of given image Automated traffic signals are part of ______________delivers health
____________ . information and services to enable data
transmission, storage and retrieval for
clinical, educational and administrative
purposes.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

a) Components of smart watch a) Smart TV a) E-health

b) Components of smart phone b) Smart Transportation b) E- BIKE

c) Components of smart TV c) Smart Home c) E-news paper

d) Components of smart city d) Smart Watch d) E- challan

Ans: d) Ans: b) Ans: a)

Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

This education system is replacing Efficient and energy-saving waste Name the detector used for fire safety in
traditional classroom, and provides the management system reduces smart city .
flexibility of learning. ___________.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

a) Smart TV e) Air pollution a) PH detector
b) Smart Transportation f) Natural resources b) Moisture Detector

c) Smart Education. g) Human Life c) Smoke detector

d) Smart Watch h) Road Traffic d) Salt detector.

Ans: c) Ans: a) Ans: c)

 Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

The security and surveillance tools use Identify application of surveillance system Smart Surveillance used for automatic
surveillance ______and sensors. in which camera provide critical evidence over speeding vehicle detection and red-
for investigations. light violation detection system are under
_____________system of smart city.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

a) Camera a) Smart Education. a) Waste management.

b)Motor b) Smart Healthcare b) Traffic Management

c) Connector c) Crime Prevention c) Resource Management

d) optic fibre d) Smart Economy d) Energy Management

Ans: a) Ans: c) Ans: b)

Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

In Fire detection System video image Natural disaster such as flood can be The city of Detroit (USA) managed to
detection technology is used to detect prevented through real-time updates and reduce crime by 50% by implementing
______and flame. _________monitoring using camera Project _______ Light

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

e) Water i) Remote a) Red

f) smoke j) Microphone b) Yellow

g) Colour k) Radar c) Blue

h) oil l) LED. d) Green

Ans: b) Ans: a) Ans: d)

 Set 1: Question No 1 Set 1: Question No 2 Set 1: Question No 3

M2M communication is a communication Function of device domain in M2M In a --------------- networks, all nodes
between network is____________. communicate with each other using some
intermediate gateways.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

e)Machine to Machine e) Processing of sensor data e) Client- server

f) Motor to Machine f) Analysis of sensor data f) Cooperative

g) Machine to Motor g) Collection and transmission of sensor g) point to point network

data

h)Motor to Motor h) Interpretation of sensor data h) Fully distributed

Ans: a) Ans: c) Ans: b)

Set 2: Question No 1 Set 2: Question No 2 Set 2: Question No 3

Wireless range for indoor applications Identify the motion sensor: - Name IR-based sensor to detect the
using ZigBee protocol is------- presence of nearby objects without any
physical CONTACT

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Application

i) Up to 10 meters m) Gyroscope e) Motion sensor

j) Up to 70 meters n) Microphone f) Light Sensor

k) Upto 10 Kilo meters o) Camera g) Audio Sensor

l) Upto 500 meters p) LED. h) Proximity Sensor

Ans: b) Ans: a) Ans: d)

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5

______________ X-10 home automation Control unit in smart In order to automate Most of these smart
provides ability to systemuses _________ home receive all each home appliance is home devices include a
monitor and control to send regular switching signals but plugged into a small _______________for
various home devices switching signal. switch ON or OFF control unit is called managing them via a
through wireless particular appliance __________. smart phone or tablet.
connection due to _____________

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Understanding Application Understanding

a) smart home a)RF Cable a) correct label a) An array. a)headphones

b) optic fiber b)Telephone wire b) Correct frequency. b) A module. b) mobile charger

c) motor c)Optic fiber c) Correct code. c) A keyboard. c)microphone

d) generator d) household electricity d) correct name d) An amplifier. d)mobile app

wiring
Ans: <a> Ans: <d> Ans: <c> Ans: <b> Ans:<d>

Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q 10

The Philips Hue system In home security system Name the sensor used Identify Smart city Automated traffic
is _________ available entry of person can be in smart dustbin. component developed signals, automated tolls
in market. restricted on the base of smart and fare collection is
using______________. infrastructure, data part of _____________
integration and smart System
services.

Recall/ Remembering Understanding Understanding Understanding Application

a)Smart lighting system a)Smart TV a) Magnetic a)Smart Healthcare a)Smart Healthcare

Sensor
b)Smart heating system b)Smart meter b)Optical Sensor b) Smart T.V. b) Smart Transportation

c)smart watch c)Smart dustbin c)Position Sensor c) Smart Transportation. c) Smart Education

d)Smart A.C. d)Smart door d)Ultrasonic Sensor d) Smart watch d) Smart Security

Ans: <a> Ans: <d> Ans: <d> Ans: <c> Ans:<b>

Q 11 Q 12 Q 13 Q14 Q 15

Smart Health system Identify technology ___________________ Name smart city It provides the flexibility
combines Smart used in smart health ______is collection, component includes of learning in an
Technology and latest care to analysedhealth transportation, safety mobile apps or interactive educational
mobile device with data for accurate treatment and disposal wearable electronic environment,
_________. treatment. of waste. safety gazettes such as
smart bracelet or
pendant.

Recall/ Remembering Application Understanding Understanding Understanding

a) Education a) Artificial Intelligent a) Waste Management a)Smart Healthcare a)Smart Healthcare

b) Health b) Satellite b) Traffic Management b) Smart Transportation b) Smart Transportation

c) Traffic c) Optical Electronics c) Health Management c) Smart Education c) Smart Education

d)Security d) Nuclear d) Safety Management d) Smart Safety/Security d) Smart Safety/Security

Ans: <b> Ans: <a> Ans: <a> Ans: <d> Ans:<c>

Q 16 Q 17 Q 18 Q19 Q 20

The motion sensor in a One of this is not a In M2M M2M network Identify the wireless
video monitoring sensor communication, the architecture does not cellular technology
system____________. intelligent Sensors includes:
communicate with the
communication
network with the help
of ----------------

Understanding Recall/ Remembering Understanding Understanding Application

a)Records all still a) Gyroscope a) M2M Gateways a) M2M area domain a) Bluetooth
images

b)Records all Videos b) Camera b) M2M Application b) application domain b) GSM

domain

c) Records videos after c) Oscillator c) M2M trigger c) E-Governance c) ZigBee

motion is detected

d) Records voice only. d) Barometer d) M2M server d) Network domain d) Wi-Fi

Ans: <c> Ans: <c> Ans: <a> Ans: <c> Ans:<b>