GBS 3108 Introduction to Dangerous Goods Regulations and Cargo Security

│LECTURE 5│

Packing

Lesson Intended Learning Outcomes

Upon completion of the lessons, you are expected to be able to:

 Know the shippers’ responsibilities on packing the DGs

 Exceptions on DG contained in ULD

 Know the Packing instructions (PI) and the format of their presentation

 Understand the coding of using inner packaging and outer packaging

 Able to observe or calculate the quantity limitation of DG contained in a

packaging in different situations

5. Packing

Shipper's Responsibility (DGR 5.0.1)

General (DGR 5.0.1.1)

The shipper is responsible for all aspects of the packing of DGs in compliance with DGRs.

Specific (DGR 5.0.1.2)

In preparing the package of DGs, the shipper must observe the following:
 Type of packaging - comply with the set of packing requirements
 Packing Instructions - permitted and specified in Columns G, I and K of the List of
Dangerous Goods;
 Limitations:
- restrict the overall quantity per package
- to the limits specified in Columns H, J or L of the List of Dangerous Goods
- or to the design limit for the package whichever is more restrictive
- for combination packaging, the quantity limit per inner packaging must not exceed
the limits specified in the applicable packing instruction;
 Stability - assemble and secure all components of the packaging
 Clean of contamination

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- ensure external surfaces of assembled package(s) are clean of contamination

arising from the filling process itself
- or from contamination from the environment surrounding the filling/assembly area
 Completeness - ensure that his responsibilities for packing are completely fulfilled
when the package is presented to the operator for shipment.

Use of Freight Containers and Unit Load Devices (DGR 5.0.1.3) [DGA 6.2 p63]

The shipper must ensure that the dangerous goods are not included in any freight container
or unit load device except for the following:

 a freight container for radioactive material (see DGRs Appendix A - Glossary);

 a unit load device or other type of pallet containing consumer commodities when prepared
according to Packing Instruction Y963;
 a unit load device or other type of pallet containing Carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) used as a
refrigerant for UN3373 or ID8000 or non-dangerous goods, provided prior approval has
been obtained from the operator; or
 a unit load device or other type of pallet containing magnetized material, provided prior
approval has been obtained from the operator; or
 UN3373 Biological substance, Category B prepared according to PI 650; or
 UN3245 Genetically modified organisms, Genetically modified microorganisms prepared
according to Packing Instruction 959; or
 Lithium ion or lithium metal cells and batteries meeting the provision of Section II of
Packing Instructions 966, 967, 969, 970; or
 UN3164, Articles, pressurized, hydraulic or Articles pressurized, hydraulic pneumatic
prepared according to Packing Instruction 208 (a); or
 Dangerous goods in excepted quantity prepared according to Subsection 2.6.8
(Documentation); or
 Radioactive material, excepted packages, prepared according to Subsection 10.5.8.2.2
(Excepted Packages).

Package/Overpack Re-use (DGR 5.0.1.4)

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Basic principle - all inappropriate dangerous goods markings and labels are removed or
completely obliterated in order to reuse a packaging or an overpack.

OVERPACK (also see Chapter 6)

Overpack (DGR 5.0.1.5)

- an enclosure used by a single shipper

- to contain one or more packages

- to form one handling unit for convenience of handling and stowage.

Dangerous goods packages contained in the overpack must be:

- properly packed, marked, labelled and in proper condition as required by DGRs.

- an overpack may contain Carbon Dioxide, solid (dry ice) for cooling purposes

- If dry ice is applied, the overpack must meet PI 954.

Dangerous goods packages contained in the overpack must NOT be:

- packages enclosing different substances which might react dangerously with each
other or packages of dangerous goods which require segregation according to Table
9.3.A.

- packages containing lithium batteries prepared in accordance with Section IA or

Section IB, UN 3090 and UN 3480, being placed in an overpack with packages
containing dangerous goods classified in Class 1 other than Division 1.4S, Division
2.1, Class 3, Division 4.1 or Division 5.1. (DGR 5.0.1.5.1)

General Packing Requirements (DGR 5.0.2)

Principles:
 Packing Groups are divided according to the relative degrees of danger (DGR
5.0.2.1.1)
- Packing Group I—Substances presenting high danger.

- Packing Group II—Substances presenting medium danger.

- Packing Group III—Substances presenting low danger.

 Some classes or divisions of DGs are not subject to the Packing Group requirements:

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- Class 1,

- Class 2

- Class 7 (DGR 5.0.2.2)

- self-reactive substances of Division 4.1,

- Division 5.2

- Division 6.2

Class 7 (DGR 5.0.2.2)

Packing of radioactive materials, the shipper must comply with the packing instructions,
packaging specifications and performance testing in Section 10 (Radioactive Material).

Format of Packing Instructions (DGR 5.0.6)

The packing instructions (PIs): (DGR 5.0.6.1)
 Class 1—Explosives
 Class 2—Gases
 Class 3—Flammable liquids
 Class 4—Flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous combustion; substances,
which in contact with water, emit flammable gases
 Class 5—Oxidizing substances; Organic peroxides
 Class 6—Toxic and Infectious substances
 Class 7—Radioactive material (see Subsection 10.5)
 Class 8—Corrosives
 Class 9—Miscellaneous dangerous goods.

Here are some examples of PI with different classes. The yellow pages are partly extracted
from the DGRs for illustrations.

Packing Instructions—Class 1—Explosives (DGR 5.1)

PACKING INSTRUCTIONS:
101 114 130 131 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143
 For Class 1, there are 15 packing Instructions that might be used. The one extracted

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is PI 101.
 There are state and operators variations. Therefore you have to observe the origin and
transfer and destination states and also different practice of airlines.
 PG II must be met
 Particular statement has to be stated in the Shipper Declaration of DG form.

Packing Instructions—Class 2—Gases (DGR 5.2)

PACKING INSTRUCTIONS: 200 201 202 203 Y203 204 Y204 206 208 211 212 213 214
215 Y215 216 217 218

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 For Class 2, there are 18 PIs with three PIs start with letter “Y” which means limited
quantity is applied.
 The one extracted above is PI 214
 There are operators variations
 As Class 2 are flammable gases, they are usually contained in compressed container
or pressurized. Therefore, a list of descriptive requirement must be fulfilled.

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Packing Instructions—Class 3—Flammable Liquids (DGR 5.3)

PACKING INSTRUCTIONS: {Packing Instructions for limited quantities start with Y.}
Y340 Y341 Y342 Y343 Y344 350 351 352 353 354 355 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 370
Y370 371 372 373 Y373 374 Y374 375 376 377

 The example – the packing instruction Y347

 This is a packing instruction for fuel cell cartridges in limited quantity
 The instruction above is one of the packing instructions for Class 3 Flammable
Liquid. This instruction is applied to Limited Quantity with the letter “Y” in the
front.
 The general requirements of the limited quantity such as drop test and stacking test
are shown.
 Additional requirements for the amount of DG substances per cartridge, less than
0.5L and the outer packagings are also shown

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Packing Instructions—Class 4—Flammable Solids; Substances Liable to Spontaneous

Combustion; Substances which, in Contact with Water, Emit Flammable Gases (DGR
5.4)
PACKING INSTRUCTIONS:
Y440 Y441 Y442 Y443 445 446 448 449 451 452 453 454 Y454 455 Y455 456 457 Y457
458 Y458 459 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 Y474 Y475 Y476 Y477
478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 Y495 496 497
499

 Example: Packing Instruction 445

 Packing Group II is applied

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 Compatibility requirements are needed such as corrosive resistant

 Single packaging is not permitted
 The materials for inner packaging are restricted to 4 types: class, metal, plastic,
plastic bag.
 Net quantity per inner packaging under different material of inner packaging.
Therefore, those inner packagings in metal can contain 2.5kg while in class con
contain 1.0kg only.
 The net quantity per inner packaging is 15.0kg. Therefore, if for glass inner
packaging, each glass packaging takes 1.0kg and the outer packaging can at most
contain 15 glass packaging (15kg / 1 .0kg = 15). However, if in metal packaging,
each can contain 2.5kg, the outer packaging can contain 6 metal inner packagings
(15kg/2.5kg = 6).
 The material and the types of outer packaging are also illustrated. Drums, jerricans
and boxes can be used.
 For example, if in form of drums, shippers may use steel drums, plywood drums,
fibre drums, plastic drums, other metal drums according to the UN standard.
 If shippers use steel drum, for example, they can use Spec. 1A1 (non-removable head)
or 1A2 (removable head). You might refer Table 5.0.C (List of UN Specification
Packagings) for reference.

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Packing Instructions—Class 5—Oxidizing Substances; Organic Peroxides (DGR 5.5)

PACKING INSTRUCTIONS:
Y540 Y541 Y543 Y544 Y545 Y546 550 551 553 554 555 557 558 559 561 562 563 565 570

 Example of Packing Instruction 551

 There are applicability
 Computability requirements

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 Closure requirements
 Additional requirement – you may see that the PI applied to Division 5.1 liquid in PG
III, however, additional requirement also needs PG II performance. Therefore PG II
is needed.
 Single packaging is not allowed
 Materials of inner packaging and outer packaging are listed.
 Amount of each inner packaging can be contained and outer packaging can be
accommodated are also shown respectively.
 As both net inner packaging and net quantity per packaging are the same. Each
packaging can only put one inner packaging inside if the inner packaging is 2.5L.

Packing Instructions—Class 6—Toxic and Infectious Substances (DGR 5.6)

PACKING INSTRUCTIONS:
620 622 Y640 Y641 Y642 Y644 Y645 650 651 652 653 654 655 657 658 659 660 661 662
663 665 666 667 668 669 670 672 673 674 675 676 677 679 680 Y680 681 699

 This example is PI 669.

 Only applied to two types of DGs UN3123 and UN3125 in PG I.

Packing Instructions—Class 7—Radioactive Material (DGR 5.7)

See Section 10 (Radioactive) for the packing instructions for Class 7, Radioactive Material.

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Packing Instructions—Class 8—Corrosives (DGR 5.8)

PACKING INSTRUCTIONS:
Y840 Y841 Y843 Y844 Y845 850 851 852 854 855 856 858 859 860 862 863 864 866 867
868 869 870 871 872 873 Y873 874 875 876

 Example: PI 871
 UN3028 on passenger aircraft and CAO.

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Packing Instructions—Class 9—Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods (DGR 5.9)

PACKING INSTRUCTIONS:
950 951 952 953 954 955 956 Y956 957 958 Y958 959 960 Y960 961 962 Y963 964 Y964
965 966 967 968 969 970 971

 Example: PI 961 for UN 3268

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