Psychosis
Date of SC final approval:
Date of MHRP final approval:
About the Measure
Domain: Suicide
Measure: Psychosis
Definition: A questionnaire to assess psychosis, or loss of contact with reality.
Purpose: The measure can used to identify respondents at risk for psychosis, which is
associated with elevated risk for self-harming behavior such as substance abuse and
suicide.
About the Protocol
Description of The Prodromal Questionnaire – 16 (PQ-16) includes 16 self-reported true/false items
Protocol: that screen for the risk of psychosis. Nine items assess perceptual abnormalities and
hallucinations, 5 items assess unusual thought content, delusional ideas and paranoia,
and 2 items assess negative symptoms.
Selection The Prodromal Questionnaire – 16 (PQ-16) is a brief, low-burden instrument with
Rationale: demonstrated concurrent validity. The PQ-16 is based on the longer 92-item
Prodromal Questionnaire, which has a growing evidence base.
Specific The Suicide WG recommends that the Prodromal Questionnaire – 16 (PQ-16) can be
Instructions: used with adolescents and adults, ages 12 and older. The PQ-16 items are extracted
from the larger 92-item Prodromal Questionnaire, which has been validated for use in
youth as young as 12 years.
Protocol Text: 1. I feel uninterested in the things I used to enjoy
[ ] True
[ ] False
1.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
2. I often seem to live through events exactly as they happened before (déjà vu.)
[ ] True
[ ] False
2.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
3. I sometimes smell or taste things that other people can’t smell or taste.
[ ] True
[ ] False
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Psychosis
Date of SC final approval:
Date of MHRP final approval:
3.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
4. I often hear unusual sounds like banging, clicking, hissing, clapping or ringing in my
ears.
[ ] True
[ ] False
4.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
5. I have been confused at times whether something I experienced was real or
imaginary.
[ ] True
[ ] False
5.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
6. When I look at a person, or look at myself in a mirror, I have seen the face change
right before my eyes.
[ ] True
[ ] False
6.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
7. I get extremely anxious when meeting people for the first time.
[ ] True
[ ] False
7.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
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Psychosis
Date of SC final approval:
Date of MHRP final approval:
8. I have seen things that other people apparently can’t see.
[ ] True
[ ] False
8.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
9. My thoughts are sometimes so strong that I can almost hear them.
[ ] True
[ ] False
9.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
10. I sometimes see special meanings in advertisements, shop windows, or in the way
things are arranged around me.
[ ] True
[ ] False
10.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
11. Sometimes I have felt that I’m not in control of my own ideas or thoughts.
[ ] True
[ ] False
11.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
12. Sometimes I feel suddenly distracted by distant sounds that I am not normally
aware of.
[ ] True
[ ] False
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Psychosis
Date of SC final approval:
Date of MHRP final approval:
12.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
13. I have heard things other people can’t hear like voices of people whispering or
talking.
[ ] True
[ ] False
13.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
14. I often feel that others have it in for me.
[ ] True
[ ] False
14.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
15. I have had the sense that some person or force is around me, even though I could
not see anyone
[ ] True
[ ] False
15.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
16. I feel that parts of my body have changed in some way, or that parts of my body
are working differently than before.
[ ] True
[ ] False
16.1. If True: how much distress did you experience?
[ ] 0 No
[ ] 1 Mild
[ ] 2 Moderate
[ ] 3 Severe
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Psychosis
Date of SC final approval:
Date of MHRP final approval:
Scoring:
Respondents that endorse 6 symptom items or more are considered to be at risk for
psychosis.
Participant: Adolescents and adults, ages 12 and older
Source: Ising, H.K., Veling, W., Loewy, R.L., Rietveld, M.W., Rietdijk, J., Dragt, S., Klaassen,
R.M.C., Neiman, D.H., Wunderink, L., Linszen, D.H., & van der Gaag, M. (2012). The
validity of the 16-item version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) to screen for
ultra high risk of developing psychosis in the general help-seeking population.
Schizophrenia Bulletin 38(6): 1288-96.
Language of English
Source:
Personnel and None
Training Required:
Equipment Needs: None
Protocol Type: Self-administered questionnaire
Requirements:
Requirements Category Required (Yes/No):
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen No
collection
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an No
unaffected individual
Common Data TBD by PhenX Staff
Elements:
General Loewy, R.L., Bearden, C.E., Johnson, J.K., Raine, A., & Cannon, T.D. (2005). The
References: prodromal questionnaire (PQ): preliminary validation of a self-report screening measure
for prodromal and psychotic syndromes. Schizophrenia Research 79(1): 117-125.
van de Beek, M.H., van der Krieke, L., & Schoevers R.A. (2014). Migrants Examined
for Determinants of psychopathology through INternet Assessment (MEDINA) study: a
cross-sectional study among visitors of an Internet community. BMJ Open 4(1)
e003980.
Additional Information About the Measure
Essential Data: Current Age, Gender
Version 10 – 10/21/09
Psychosis
Date of SC final approval:
Date of MHRP final approval:
Related PhenX Schizophrenia Screener
Measures:
Derived Variables: None
Keywords/Related Psychosis, Psychopathology, Prodromal Questionnaire – 16, PQ-16
Concepts:
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