Bihar Engineering University, Patna
End Semester Examination-2022
Semester: V
Subject :- HEAT TRANSFER (Model Paper)
Course: [Link]. Time: 3 Hours
Code: Full Marks: 70
Instructions:
i. Marks are indicated in the right-hand margin.
ii. There are NINE questions in this paper.
iii. Attempt FIVE questions in all.
iv. Question No. 1 is compulsory.
v. Assume any missing data.
Q.1 Choose the correct answer of the following (any seven Question only): [2x7=14]
(a) In case of one-dimensional heat conduction in a medium with constant
properties, T is the temperature at position x, at time t, then 𝜕𝑇/𝜕𝑡 is
proportional to
(i) 𝑇/𝑥 (ii) 𝜕𝑇/𝜕𝑥
(iii) 𝜕 2 𝑇/𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑡 (iv) 𝜕 2 𝑇/𝜕𝑥 2
(b) Two insulating materials of thermal conductivity k and 2k are available for
lagging a pipe carrying a hot fluid. If the radial thickness of each material is the
same.
(i) Material with higher thermal conductivity should be used for inner
layer and one with lower thermal conductivity for the outer.
(ii) Material with lower thermal conductivity should be used for inner layer
and one with higher thermal conductivity for the outer.
(iii) It is immaterial in which sequence the insulating materials are used.
(iv) It is not possible to judge unless numerical values of dimensions are
given.
(c) The Poisson’s equation of general conduction heat transfer applies to the case
(i) Steady state heat conduction with heat generation
(ii) Steady state heat conduction without heat generation
(iii) Unsteady state heat conduction without heat generation
(iv) Unsteady state heat conduction with heat generation
(d) Which one of the following configurations has the highest fin effectiveness?
(i) Thin, closely spaced fins (ii) Thin, widely spaced fins
(iii) Thick, widely spaced fins (iv) Thick, closely spaced fins
(e) The value of Biot number is very small (less than 0.01) when
(i) The convective resistance of the fluid is negligible
(ii) The conductive resistance of the fluid is negligible
(iii) The conductive resistance of the solid is negligible
(iv) None of these
(f) Prandtl number of a flowing fluid greater than unity indicates that
hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness is
(i) Greater than thermal boundary layer thickness
(ii) Equal to thermal boundary layer thickness
(iii) Greater than hydrodynamic boundary
(iv) Independent of thermal boundary layer thickness
(g) Heat is lost from a 100 mm diameter steam pipe placed horizontally in ambient
at 30 oC. If the Nusselt number is 25 and thermal conductivity of air is 0.03
W/mK, then the heat transfer coefficient will be
(i) 7.5 W/m2K (ii) 16.2 W/m2K
(iii) 25.2 W/m2K (iv) 30 W/m2K
(h) Which of the following functional relations is true for free convection?
(i) Nu = F(Gr, Pr) (ii) Nu = F(Re, Pr)
(iii) Nu = F(Gr, Fo) (iv) Nu = F(Gr, Bi)
(i) For an opaque surface, the absorptivity (α), transmissivity (τ) and reflectivity
(ρ) are related by the equation:
(i) α+ρ=τ (ii) α+ρ+τ=0
(iii) α+ρ=1 (iv) α+ρ=0
(j) In a condenser of a power plant, the steam condenses at a temperature of
60 oC. The cooling water enters at 30 oC and leaves at 45 oC. The logarithmic
mean temperature difference (LMTD) of the condenser is
(i) 16.2 oC (ii) 21.6 oC
(iii) 30 oC (iv) 37.5 oC
Q.2 (a) Write the difference between thermodynamics and heat transfer.
(b) Explain different modes of heat transfer with suitable examples.
(c) State the Fourier’s law of heat conduction.
(d) A hollow cylinder 5 cm I.D and 10 cm O.D has an inner surface temperature of
200 oC and an outer surface temperature of 100 oC. Determine the temperature
of the point half way between the inner and outer surfaces. If the thermal
conductivity of the cylinder material of 70 W/mK, determine the rate of heat
flow through the cylinder per unit length.
[3+3+2+6 =14]
Q. 3 (a) Derive the expression for the temperature distribution and rate of heat transfer
for a plane wall.
(b) Explain the significance of critical radius of insulation. Derive an expression for
critical radius of insulation for a cylindrical body.
(c) A small electric heating application uses wire of 2 mm diameter with 0.8 mm
thick insulation (k= 0.12 W/mK). The heat transfer coefficient (h) on the
insulated surface is 35 W/m2K. Determine the critical thickness of insulation in
this case and the percentage change in the heat transfer rate if the critical
thickness is used, assuming the temperature difference between the surface of
the wire and surrounding air remains unchanged.
[4+4+6 =14]
Q. 4 (b) Derive the expression for temperature distribution and heat transfer rate for
infinitely long fin.
(c) What is the difference between fin efficiency and fin effectiveness.
(c) What is lumped system analysis? What are the assumptions of lumped system
analysis?
[6+4+4 =14]
Q. 5 (a) Discuss the physical significance of the following dimensionless numbers:
(i) Nusselt number, (ii) Prandtl-number, and (iii) Grashof number
(b) State the Newton’s law of cooling for convection.
(c) Define hydrodynamic boundary layer & thermal boundary layer and write
down the energy and momentum equations for thin flat plate.
[6+2+6 =14]
Q. 6 (a) Distinguish between natural convection and forced convection.
(b) Air at 10 0C and at a pressure of 100 kPa is flowing over a plate at a velocity of
3 m/s. If the plate is 30 cm wide and at temperature of 60 0C. Calculate the
following quantities at x = 0.3 m. (i) Hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness,
(ii) Local friction coefficient, (iii) Local shearing stress, (iv) Average drag force,
(v) Thermal boundary layer thickness, (vi) Local convective heat transfer
coefficient and (vii) The heat transfer from the plate
(The properties of air at 35 oC: ρ = 1.1373 kg/m3, µ = 19x10-6 kg/ms,
kf = 0.0272 W/mK, Pr = 0.7, Cp = 1.006 kJ/kgK)
[4 + 10 =14]
Q. 7 (a) What is the difference between evaporation and boiling? Draw the boiling
curve and identify the different boiling regimes.
(b) Distinguish between drop wise condensation and film wise condensation.
(c) Define Fick’s law of diffusion and show the analogy between heat transfer and
mass transfer.
[6 + 4 + 4 =14]
Q. 8 (a) What is a heat exchanger? Classify different type of heat exchangers with
suitable examples.
(b) Define Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) and derive the
expression for LMTD in counter flow heat exchangers.
(c) A counter-flow double-pipe heat exchanger is to heat water from 20 0C to
80 0C at a rate of 1.2 kg/s. The heating is to be accomplished by geothermal
water available at 160 0C at a mass flow rate of 2 kg/s. The inner tube is thin-
walled and has a diameter of 1.5 cm. The overall heat transfer coefficient of
the heat exchanger is 640 W/m2K. Using the effectiveness-NTU method
determine the length of the heat exchanger required to achieve the desired
heating.
[4 + 4 + 6 =14]
Q. 9 (a) State the following laws of radiation:
(i) Kirchhoff’s Law, (ii) Stefan-Boltzman Law, (iii) Lambert’s Cosine Law
(b) Making the use of Planck’s law of distribution, establish the relation for Wien’s
displacement law.
(c) Consider the 5m x 5m x 5m cubical furnace whose surfaces closely approximate
black surfaces. The base, top, and side surfaces of the furnace are maintained
at uniform temperatures of 800 K, 1500 K, and 500 K, respectively. Determine:
(i) The net rate of radiation heat transfer between the base and the side
surfaces (ii) The net rate of radiation heat transfer between the base and the
top surface (iii) The net radiation heat transfer from the base surface.
[3 + 5 + 6 =14]
