Hepatocellular-
Carsinoma
Name :- Dhola Darshak.
Patel vrajesh.
Group :- 14th
Definition:-
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the
most common type of primary liver cancer.
- Hepatocellular carcinoma occurs most
often in people with chronic liver diseases,
such as cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or
hepatitis C infection.
Causes:-
- Chronic hepatitis B virus and chronic hepatitis C
virus is associated with more than 70% of cases of
hepatocellular carcinoma.
- 30% of HCC is related to a history of excessive
alcohol consumption.
(Alcohol can, directly and indirectly, cause HCC.)
Other Causes:-
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- alcoholic fatty liver disease
(AFLD)
- non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease (NAFLD
Symptoms:-
-Fullness or a knot under ribs on right side
(symptoms of an enlarged liver).
-A stomach that feels swollen, like it’s filling up
with fluid.
-Loss of appetite or feeling full after a small
meal
-unexplained weight loss
- Vomiting
- Nausea
- Itching
- Abdominal discomfort or distention
(enlargement)
- Jaundice
- Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (bleeding)
- Fatigue (feeling tired or weak even with rest)
Risk Factors
Complications:-
-hepatic encephalopathy
-portal vein thrombosis
- obstructive jaundice
-pyogenic liver abscess
- Anemia
- Intraperitoneal bleeding
(life-threatening complication of HCC.)
Diagnosis:-
#Physical Examination:-
- If a person has symptoms of HCC, then we
have to feel the abdomen to check for lumps,
swelling, or other changes in the liver, spleen,
and other nearby organs.
# Tests and procedures:-
- Blood tests to measure liver function.
( liver function tests typically include:-
1.alanine transaminase (ALT)
2.aspartate transaminase (AST)
3.alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
4.serum bilirubin
5.total protein and albumin.
-Imaging tests, such as CT and MRI.
(Gold standard method:- MRI)
- Liver biopsy, in some cases, to remove a sample of liver
tissue for laboratory testing.
Treatment:-
#Drugs:-
1] Lenvatinib
(12 mg taken orally once)
2] Sorafenib
(400 mg taken orally twice a day)
3] Regorafenib
(160 mg taken orally once)
- Chemotherapy
- Surgical resection: Removal of the tumor and
surrounding liver tissues.
- Liver transplant
- Ablation therapies
[1. Radiofrequency ablation :-
( Uses heat to destroy cancer cells.)]
[2.Microwave ablation:-
(Uses microwaves to heat and destroy cancer cells.)
- Radiation therapy
- immunotherapy
- Supportive care:-
( care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life)
Thank you.
