Thomas Hobbes: Philosopher of the State
Slide 2: Introduction to Thomas Hobbes
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o Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an English philosopher known for his
contributions to political philosophy.
o Born in Westport, Wiltshire, England.
o His most famous work is "Leviathan," published in 1651.
Slide 3: Historical Context
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o Lived during a period of great political upheaval in England, including the
English Civil War (1642-1651).
o The conflict between the monarchy and Parliament influenced his thoughts on
social order and governance.
Slide 4: Early Life and Education
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o Attended Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he studied classics.
o Became a tutor to the Cavendish family, which gave him access to influential
circles.
Slide 5: Major Works
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o "Leviathan" (1651)
o "De Cive" (1642)
o "De Corpore" (1655)
o "De Homine" (1658)
o Contributions to philosophy, political theory, and science.
Slide 6: Philosophy: State of Nature
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o Hobbes' concept of the "state of nature" describes a pre-societal condition
where life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
o Human beings are naturally equal in the faculties of body and mind.
Slide 7: Social Contract Theory
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o In the state of nature, individuals are in constant conflict over resources and
survival.
o To escape this chaos, people enter into a social contract, agreeing to form a
society and be governed by a common authority.
Slide 8: Leviathan: The State and Sovereignty
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o The "Leviathan" symbolizes the commonwealth, a powerful and artificial
person created through the covenant of its members.
o Hobbes argues for an absolute sovereign to ensure peace and security.
Slide 9: Views on Human Nature
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o Hobbes believed that humans are driven by self-interest and a desire for self-
preservation.
o Fear of death and desire for a commodious life motivate people to seek peace
through social contracts.
Slide 10: Political Philosophy
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o Advocated for a strong, centralized authority to prevent societal collapse.
o Believed in the necessity of a powerful sovereign to enforce laws and maintain
order.
Slide 11: Views on Religion
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o Hobbes was critical of the intertwining of religion and politics.
o Argued for a secular state where the sovereign has authority over religious
practices to maintain peace.
Slide 12: Criticisms and Controversies
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o Critics argue that Hobbes' support for absolute sovereignty can lead to
tyranny.
o His bleak view of human nature has been challenged by other philosophers
who believe in inherent human goodness.
Slide 13: Influence and Legacy
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o Hobbes' ideas laid the groundwork for later political philosophers like John
Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
o His concept of the social contract remains a foundational idea in modern
political theory.
Slide 14: Contemporary Relevance
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o Hobbes' theories on governance and social contracts are still relevant in
discussions on the role of government and individual rights.
o His ideas influence contemporary political thought, especially in debates on
state authority and individual liberty.
Slide 15: Conclusion
• Content:
o Thomas Hobbes was a pioneering thinker whose work continues to shape
political philosophy.
o Understanding his ideas helps us comprehend the foundations of modern
political systems and the ongoing balance between authority and freedom.
