FORMULA BOOKLET

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 ELECTROSTATICS
1. Coulomb’s Law in Vacuum
1 q 1q 2
Fvac 
4 0 r 2
2. Coulomb’s Law in Medium
1 q 1q 2
Fmed 
4 0 r 2
3. Comparison of forces in vacuum & Medium
Fvac  Fvac
 K  r  or Fmed 
Fmed 0 K
K : Dielectric constant
r : Relative Permittivity
4. Electric Field Intensity:
Force experienced by unit positive test charge & it is a vector quantity.

 F
E 
q
5. Electric field due to various distribution of charges

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 Distribution Electric Field Comment (Key Point)
1. Point Charge 1 Q
E 
4 0 r 2

2. On the axis of ring 1 Qx E is maximum at

E 
4 0 3 R
x 
x 2
R 
2 2
2

3. Uniformly charged wire   For infinitely long wire

Ex 
4 0 r
 sin  sin   
Ex  & Ey 0
 2 0 r
Ey  cos   cos 
4 0 r  Near one end of semi-infinite

E  E x iˆ  E y jˆ wire

Ex  E y 
4 0 r

4. On the axis of uniformly charged disc  

 x
E  1  
2 0  x 2  R 2 
where  : Surface charge
density

5. At the centre of curvature of charged Arc    The electric field is directed along
E  sin   the line of angle bisector.
2 0 R 2
 : Linear charged density

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6. At the centre of uniformly charged 
Hemisphere
E 
4 0
where  : Surface charge
density

7. Due to large insulating sheet  Electric field is uniform in nature

E 
2 0
where  : Surface charge
density

8. Due to large conducting sheet  Electric field is uniform in nature.

E 
0
where  : Surface charge
density of one surface.

9. Due to uniformly charged insulating kQ

sphere
E outside 
r2
kQx x
E inside  
R3 3 0
where Q: Charge uniformly
distributed in volume.
 : Volume charge density E is maximum at the surface.

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10. Due to conducting sphere kQ
E outside 
r2
E inside  zero

6. Electric Flux linked with any surface tells us number of lines of force passing through that surface. Electric
flux is given by:
 
  E .ds

1
7. Gauss’s Law: It says electric flux linked with a closed surface is given by times enclosed charge,
0
  Q
   E .ds  enc .
0
8. Electric Potential Energy: This quantity of two particle system is defined as work done by external agent in
bringing second charge q 2 slowly from infinity to final given position.
r  
u  Wext  r   –Welec  r   q 2  E .dr


kq 1q 2
u
r
9. As Electric Field is conservative, so Energy Conservation is applicable.
10. Electric Potential at any point in the electric field is work done by external agent in bringing unit positive
test charge slowly from  to the that position.
r  
v    E .dr  Wext  r   Welec  r 

11. Electric potential due to various distribution of charges
Distribution of charge Electric Potential Important Points
(1) Point Charge kQ
V 
r
(2) On the axis of ring kQ V is maximum at centre of ring.
VP 
x 2 R2

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(3) On the axis of disc   2
VP   x  R 2  x 
2 0  
Where  : Surface charge
density

(4) Due to uniformly charged Insulating kQ 3 kQ

Sphere Voutside   Vmax  at the centre
r 2 R
of sphere
kQ  x2 
Vinside  3  2 
2R  R 


(5) Due to Conducting Sphere kQ

Voutside 
r
kQ
Vinside 
R

12. Potential difference calculation from Electric Field

B  
VB V A    E .dr
A
13. Electric field calculation from Electric Potential

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 v
Ex  
x
v
Ey  
y
v
Ez  
z

E  E x iˆ  E y jˆ  E z kˆ
14. Self – Energy of Conducting sphere
Q2
u
8 0 R
15. Self – Energy of Insulating sphere (uniformly charged)
3Q 2
u
20 0 R
16. Electric Dipole Moment

P  q  2a 
where 2a is separation between 2 charges.
17. Electric field and potential due to electric dipole at general points ( r >> a)
kp kp cos 
E  3cos2   1 & V 
3
r r2
For Axial line,   0
For Equatorial line,   90 
18. Torque on Electric Dipole
  
  p E
19. Potential of Electric Dipole kept in uniform external field
 
u   p .E

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