Microbiology and Parasitology - Lab
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________
LESSON TITLE: OVERVIEW OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Materials:
Pen, paper, index card, book, and class List
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, the nursing student can:
1. Define the terms related to communicable and infectious Reference:
diseases;
2. Differentiate localized from systemic infection; Navales D., (2010). Handbook of Common
rd
3. Outline the incidences of infections and its examples; Communicable and Infectious Diseases 3
4. Outline why infection occurs; and, Edition, Philippines: C&E Publishing Inc.
Enumerate the nurse’s responsibility during an infection.
1.
A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW (5 minutes)
Introduction
Your classroom instructor for this subject, Microbiology and Parasitology – Laboratory, is
_____________________.Listed below are the additional information vital in orientation
B.MAIN LESSON (50 minutes)
Content and Skill-Building
Topic # 1
Sample Text. Important parts of the text can be underlined. Sample Text.
Communicable and Infectious Diseases
Definition of Terms:
1. Infection is the implantation and successful replication of an organism in the tissue of the host resulting to signs and
symptoms as well as immunologic response.
2. Carrier is an individual who harbors the organism and is capable of transmitting it to a susceptible host without
showing manifestations of a disease.
3. Communicable disease is an illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxic products that are transmitted directly
or indirectly to a well person through an agency, and a vector or an inanimate object.
4. Contagious disease is a term given to a disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another through direct
or indirect means.
5. Infectious disease is transmitted not only by ordinary contact but requires inoculation of the organism through a
break on the skin or mucous membrane. Hence, all contagious diseases are infectious.
6. Contact is any person or animal who is in close association with an infected person, animal, or freshly soiled
materials.
7. Disinfection is the destruction of pathogenic microorganism outside the body by directly applying physical or
chemical means.
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Microbiology and Parasitology - Lab
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________
⎯ Concurrent is a method of disinfection done immediately after the infected individual discharges infectious
material/secretions. This is a method of disinfection when the patient is still the source of infection.
⎯ Terminal is applied when the patient is no longer the source of infection.
8. Habitat is a place where an organism lives or where an organism is usually found.
9. Host is a person, animal, or plant on w/c a parasite depends for its survival.
10. Isolation is the separation from other persons of an individual suffering from a communicable disease.
11. Quarantine is the limitation of freedom of movement of persons or animals w/c have been exposed to communicable
disease/s for a period of time equivalent to the longest incubation period of that disease.
12. Reservoir is composed of one or more species of animal or plant in w/c an infectious agent lives and multiplies for
survival and reproduces itself in such a manner that it can be transmitted to man.
13. Surveillances is the act of watching.
Effects of infection?
⎯ Microorganisms compete with the host’s metabolism.
⎯ Cellular damage produced by the microbes.
⎯ Intracellular multiplication.
Types of Infection
Localized - the infection is confined to a certain body part only.
⎯ Ex: boils, infected pressure ulcer.
Systemic - the infection spread to the entire body parts.
⎯ Ex: septicemia
Incidences of Infection
1. Sporadic diseases are diseases that occur occasionally and irregularly with no specific pattern.
Examples: tetanus, gas gangrene, dengue
2. Epidemic diseases are diseases that occur in a greater number than what is expected in a specific area over a
specific time.
Examples: Cholera, Diarrhea
3. Pandemic that affects several countries or continents. “Global outbreak”
Examples: AIDS, Ebola, MERS-COV, COVID-19
4. Endemic diseases are those that are present in a population or community at times. They usually involve few people
during specific periods.
Examples: Chickenpox, Malaria
Why Infections Occur?
⎯ Some bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics.
⎯ Some microbes such as influenza have so many different strains that a single vaccine cannot protect against all of
them.
⎯ Most viruses resist antiviral drugs.
⎯ New infectious agents occasionally arise such as HIV and Corona virus.
⎯ Some microbes localize in the areas of the body that make treatment difficult.
⎯ Opportunistic organisms can cause infection in immunocompromised patients.
⎯ Most people have not received immunization.
⎯ Increased air travel can cause the spread of the virulent organism to a heavily populated area in hours.
⎯ Use of biological warfare and bioterrorism with organism such as anthrax and plague is an increasing threat to public
health and safety throughout the world.
⎯ The expanded use of immunosuppressive drugs and invasive procedures increases the risk of infection.
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Microbiology and Parasitology - Lab
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________
The Nurse’s Responsibility
The nurse must be knowledgeable of the following:
⎯ The nature of the specific microorganism and its capacity for survival both within and outside the body
⎯ The most effective method of destruction of the specific organism
⎯ How the organism invades the host and its source of escape from the body.
⎯ The incubation period (the period between the infection of an individual by a pathogen), prodromata (early symptom
indicating the onset of the disease, and the length of communicability
⎯ How a specific drug alters the clinical signs and the infectious course of the disease.
⎯ The most recent methods and concepts of prophylaxis for communicable diseases.
⎯ The rationale and control measures, including isolation techniques.
Nursing Care
1. Self-protection
2. Prevention of the spread of the infectious agent through medical asepsis and concurrent disinfection
3. Physical care of the patient
4. The provision of spiritual aspect of care
CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING (25 minutes)
You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to correct
answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in you answer/ratio is not allowed.
You are given 25 minutes for this activity:
Multiple Choice
1. An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxic products that are transmitted directly or indirectly to a well person
through an agency, and a vector or an inanimate object.
a. communicable disease
b. contagious disease
c. infections disease
d. all of the above
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. This is transmitted not only by ordinary contact but requires inoculation of the organism through a break on the skin or
mucous membrane.
a. communicable disease
b. contagious disease
c. infections disease
d. both a and c
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. All communicable diseases are infectious. This statement is:
a. true
b. false
c. neither a or b
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Microbiology and Parasitology - Lab
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________
d. either a or b
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. There’s a spike of dengue cases during rainy season. This is an example of?
a. endemic diseases
b. sporadic diseases
c. epidemic diseases
d. pandemic diseases
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. A method of disinfection done immediately after the infected individual discharges infectious material/secretions. This is
a method of disinfection when the patient is still the source of infection.
a. concurrent
b. terminal
c. intermediate
d. disinfection
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY (THIS WILL BE DONE DURING THE FACE TO FACE INTERACTION)
The instructor will now rationalize the answers to the students. You can now ask questions and debate among yourselves.
Write the correct answer and correct/additional ratio in the space provided.
1. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:_______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5. ANSWER: ________
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Microbiology and Parasitology - Lab
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
C. LESSON WRAP-UP (5 minutes)
AL Activity: CAT: 3-2-1
Instructions:
1. As an exit ticket at the end of the class period
2. Record three things you learned from the lesson.
3. Next, two things that you found interesting and that you’d like to learn more about.
4. Then, record one question you still have about the lesson.
Three things you learned:
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________________
Two things that you’d like to learn more about:
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________________
One question you still have:
1.___________________________________________________________________________________
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