COLEGIO DE LA PURISIMA CONCEPCION
The School of the Archdiocese of Capiz
Roxas City
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TOWARDS HEALTH AND FITNESS 2 (PATHFIT 2)
PRELIM
2ND SEMESTER 2023-2024
VOLLEYBALL
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
at the end of the class, students should be able to:
1. Give information on the background of the game volleyball
2. Map out the development of the game
3. Explain the roles and duties of the different officials
4. Describe various rules applied in the game
INTRODUCTION
Volleyball is a sport played by two teams on a playing court divided by a net. There are
different versions available for specific circumstances in order to offer the versatility of the
game to everyone. The object of the game is to send the ball over the net in order to
ground it on the opponent's court, and to prevent the same effort by the opponent. The
team has three hits for returning the ball (in addition to the block contact). The ball is put
in play with a service, hit by the server over the net to the opponents. The rally continues
until the ball is grounded on the playing court, goes "out" or a team fails to return it
properly. In Volleyball, the team winning a rally scores a point (Rally Point System). When
the receiving team wins a rally, it gains a point and the right to serve, and its players
rotate one position clockwise.
INPUT
HISTORY OF VOLLEY BALL
For a sport that has been around for over a century, the origin of volleyball traces
its roots to a rather humble beginning.
History has it that William G. Morgan, who invented the game of volleyball in 1895,
came up with the idea so that people who found basketball’s ‘bumping’ or ‘jolting’
too strenuous could have an alternative physical activity to fall back on.
William G. Morgan, who served as the physical director at the Young Men’s
Christian Association (YMCA) Holyoke, Massachusetts, looked at the sports around
and picked the aspects that he thought suited his brief the best.
The ball came from baske`tball, the net from tennis and the use of hands from
handball. While this made up a game of volleyball, it was lent some competitive
tone with the introduction of innings - later to be called sets - that was borrowed
from baseball.
Morgan introduced the sport -- called mintonette, the original name of volleyball --
at the YMCA Physical Director's Conference a year later at Springfield College,
Massachusetts.
"In search of an appropriate game, tennis occurred to me, but this required
rackets, balls, a net and other equipment, so it was eliminated, but the idea of a
net seemed a good one," Morgan explained. "We raised [the net] to a height of...
just above the head of an average man. We needed a ball and among those we
tried was a basketball bladder, but this was too light and too slow. We therefore
tried the basketball itself, which was too big and too heavy.”
A new specially designed ball, which was lighter and smaller, was introduced in
1900.
Though it was incomplete with no fixed rules and a format to follow, the sport did
enough to win over the delegation and soon became a part of YMCA’s wide
network throughout the USA with a new name - volley ball (initially it was termed
as two words). Volleyball was officially selected to spell as a single word in 1952.
A sport that traced its origin to basketball, baseball, tennis and handball - and now
estimated to be played by over 800 million globally - had thus been established.
Development of volleyball
The coming years saw rules for the game being drawn up as volleyball continued
to bank on YMCA’s popularity to go global.
With YMCA societies playing prominent roles in regions like India, China, Europe,
South America and Africa, volleyball would soon spread in these regions.
It was in Asia that it gathered steam. By 1913, the growth of the game in the
continent was evident as that year saw it being included in the first Far-Eastern
Games, organised in Manila.
It was not until 1900 that a specially designed lighter and smaller ball was devised,
which opened up a new array of tactical and technical possibilities for the sport.
Rules for playing volleyball kept establishing over the years; points per set
changed from 21 to 15 points in 1917, in the following year the number of players
per team was set at six and so on.
A few years later, a new offensive way of playing the game — including what we
now call setting and spiking — emerged in the Philippines. It was to be called
‘bomba’ or ‘Filipino bomb’, taking a cue from the pace at which the ball landed in
the opposition’s court.
The new tactic also meant the rules of volleyball were further refined and
standardised, including the scoring system and the rule stipulating a maximum of
three hits per team.
However, all through this period, volleyball was largely restricted to only a few
regions. Though there were a few national championships in different countries,
none had a fixed set of rules as it varied from region to region.
But all this would change in 1947.
International governing body of volleyball
April 1947 saw the establishment of the Federation Internationale de Volleyball
(FIVB).
Representatives from 14 nations - Belgium, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, France,
the Netherlands, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Uruguay, the USA and
Yugoslavia - met in Paris under the leadership of France’s Paul Libaud to set up the
association that would govern volleyball at the international level.
Libaud assumed the role of FIVB's first president, a position he held on to till 1984.
The first volleyball World Championships for men was held in 1949 in Prague and
in 1952 for women in Moscow.
FIVB has since grown into becoming one of the biggest sporting organisations in
the world with 222 affiliated bodies.
While the World Championships continues to be the mega attraction for the game,
the FIVB has added events like the FIVB World League, the FIVB World Grand Prix,
the FIVB World Cup and the FIVB Grand Champions Cup to its roster over the
years, apart from eventually becoming an Olympic sport.
Volleyball at the Olympics
With an international body to look after the sport and its growing popularity, indoor
volleyball was granted Olympic status in 1957 by the International Olympic
Committee (IOC).
Volleyball made its Olympic debut at the Tokyo 1964 Games.
Brazil, the erstwhile Soviet Union and Italy have bagged the most medals in men's
Olympic volleyball (six each), with the South American team leading the honours
with their three golds and three silvers.
Among the women’s teams, six countries have won the Olympic gold medal in
volleyball with the Soviet Union leading the overall medals tally with six (four golds
and two silvers).
Japan and the Soviet Union played each of the first four gold medal matches at the
Summer Olympics from 1964 to 1980.
Japan won the first-ever final on home soil at Tokyo 1964 while the Soviet Union
pipped them to win gold at the 1968 Games and Munich in 1972. Japan then
picked their second gold medal at Montreal 1976.
The Soviet Union added two more gold medals to their tally with their volleyball
players emerging with victories at Moscow 1980 and Seoul 1988, while China won
the first of its two-three medals at Los Angeles 1984 and the second at Athens
2004.
Cuba won three straight golds at Barcelona 1992, Atlanta 1996 and Sydney 2000
while the Brazilian women’s volleyball team became just the third team to win
back-to-back golds in the
discipline, doing so at Beijing 2008 and London 2012.
The United States is the reigning women’s volleyball Olympic champions, having
beaten Brazil in the final at Tokyo 2020.
While only six teams played in the women’s category in the 1964 edition of the
Games, that number doubled by 1988 and has remained so ever since.
BASIC RULES PF VOLLETBALL
Volleyball is a complex game of simple skills. The ball is spiked from up to 60 cm
above the height of a basketball hoop (about 3.65 metres) and takes fractions of a
second to travel from the spiker to the receiver. That means the receiver must
assess incoming angle, decide where to pass the ball and then control their pass in
the blink of an eye. A purely rebound sport (you can't hold the ball), volleyball is a
game of constant motion.
A team can touch the ball three times on its side of the net. The usual pattern is a
dig (an underarm pass made with the forearms), a set (an overhead pass made
with the hands) and a spike (the overhead attacking shot). The ball is served into
play. Teams can also try to block the opponent's spike as it crosses the net. A
block into your own court counts as one of your three touches in beach volleyball,
but not in volleyball.
Power and height have become vital components of international teams, but the
ability of teams and coaches to devise new strategies, tactics and skills has been
crucial for continued success.
There are six players on court in a volleyball team, who each must rotate one
position clockwise every time their team wins back service from the
opposition. Only the three players at the net positions can jump and spike or
block near the net. The backcourt players can only hit the ball over the net if
they jump from behind the attack line, also known as the three-metre line,
which separates the front and back part of the court.
Volleyball has developed into a very specialised sport. Most teams will
include in their starting line-up a setter, two centre blockers, two receiver-
hitters and a universal spiker. Only certain players will be involved with
service reception. Players will also have specialist positions for attack and
defence. Substitutions are allowed during the game.
Since 1998, volleyball bas been using a new scoring system. Teams scored a
point on every rally (Rally Point System), regardless of which team served.
Formerly, a team could only win a point if it served the ball. Winning the
serve back from the opposition was known as a side-out.
Matches are played best of five sets. The first four sets are played to 25
points, with the final set being played to 15 points. A team must win a set by
two points. There is no ceiling, so a set continues until one of the teams
gains a two-point advantage. Previously, all sets were to 15 points, with the
first four sets having a ceiling of 17 and the final set requiring at least a two-
point winning advantage.
In 1998, the FIVB introduced a new specialist role: the libero. This player
wears a different coloured uniform from the rest of the team and can be
substituted in backcourt for any player on the team. The libero cannot serve,
spike the ball over the net or rotate into the front-line positions, but plays a
vital role for the team in serve reception and backcourt defence. There must
be at least one point played between a libero substituting off for a player and
going back on the court for another player – hence he/she cannot be on the
court for the whole game. The libero has added an extra dimension to
backcourt defence, improving the reception of teams, lengthening the rallies
and giving a vital role to shorter players.
Reference
R1. https://olympics.com/en/news/what-history-volleyball-game-origin-
mintonette-ymca-fivb-olympics
R2. https://www.fivb.com/en/volleyball/thegame_glossary/basicvolleyballrules
