Date of Submission: 22-08-2024
BECE307L-Wireless and Mobile Communication
Digital Assignment
1. A cellular system uses a cluster size N of 7 and operates with omnidirectional antenna.
Calculate:
a) The co-channel reuse ratio Q.
b) The signal-to-interference ratio SIR for a cell considering only the first tier of interfering
cells. Assume there are 6 co-channel interferes in the first tier and the path loss
exponent n = 4.
2. Consider a cellular system where each cell is originally non-sectored (omnidirectional) with a
frequency reuse factor of 7. The system has been upgraded to 6-sector cell sectoring (60°
sectors). Calculate the following:
a) The reduction in co-channel interference after sectoring.
b) The increase in the number of users the system can handle if the system originally
supported 210 users with omnidirectional cells.
3. A company operates a call center with 30 agents and wishes to maintain a call blocking
probability of 1%. The average call duration is 3 minutes, and the call center handles 300 calls
per hour. Calculate:
a) The offered traffic in Erlangs.
b) The required number of channels using the Erlang B formula for a blocking probability
of 1%.
c) Determine if the system’s 30 agents can handle the load, or if additional channels are
needed.
4. A cellular system has a total bandwidth of 40 MHz, with each channel occupying 250 kHz. The
system uses a 9-cell cluster configuration. Assume that users make one 5-minute call every 2
hours. The system uses a blocked-calls-delayed model (Erlang C) with a 2% probability of delay
and 15 channels per cell.
a) How many users can be supported in each cell?
b) What is the probability that a call will have to wait for more than 20 seconds?
c) If the system uses a blocked-calls-cleared model (Erlang B) with a GOS of 2%, how
many users can be supported?
5. A communication link uses a frequency of 1 GHz. The transmitting power is , and the
gain of the transmitting and receiving antennas are and , respectively.
Calculate the received power if the distance between the antennas is 1 km.
6. A mobile communication system operates at a frequency of 1800 MHz in a suburban
environment. The base station antenna height is 50 m, and the mobile station antenna height is
1.5 m. The maximum allowable path loss for reliable communication is 130 dB. Using the
Okumura model, determine the coverage distance in km and the coverage area in sq. km.
7. A mobile communication system operates at a frequency of 850 MHz in a suburban area. The
Date of Submission: 22-08-2024
base station antenna height is 30 meters, and the mobile station antenna height is 2 meters.
The distance between the base station and the mobile station is 10 km. Calculate the path loss
in dB using the Hata model.
8. A wireless communication system operates in a multipath environment where the RMS delay
spread is 2 microseconds (μs). The system operates at a carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz.
1. Calculate the coherence bandwidth of the channel.
2. Determine whether the channel is frequency-selective or flat-fading.
3. If the system bandwidth is 500 kHz, determine how many independent fading channels
are likely to exist.
9. In a communication system, a signal with symbol duration of 1 ms is transmitted through a
wireless channel where the mobile user experiences a Doppler spread of 20 Hz. Determine
whether the channel exhibits fast fading or slow fading.
10. A vehicle moves at a speed of 120 km/h in an urban environment while communicating with a
base station operating at a carrier frequency of 1.8 GHz. The environment is highly dynamic,
and multipath propagation results in a significant Doppler spread. Given this scenario:
1. Calculate the maximum Doppler shift experienced by the signal.
2. Estimate the coherence time of the channel.
3. Discuss whether the channel will be fast-fading or slow-fading if the communication
system has a symbol rate of 500 symbols per second.
4. If the vehicle’s speed doubles, analyze how the coherence time and Doppler spread will
be affected.
