UNIT-8

HEALTH AGENCIES

1. INTERNATIONAL:
 WHO, UNDP, World Bank, FAO, UNICEF, DANIDA,
Rockfeller Foundation, Red Cross, USAID, UNESCO, ILO,
CARE
2. NATIONAL:
 Indian Red Cross Society, Indian Council for Child Welfare,
Family Planning Association of India, Tuberculosis Association
of India, Hindu Kusht Nivaran Sangh, Central Social Welfare
Board, Bharat Sevak Samaj, All India Blind Relief Society

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)

 A specialized non-political agency of United Nations established in 1946

 Headquarters at Geneva
 The constitution drafted by the Technical preparatory committee headed by
Rene Sand

OBJECTIVES OF WHO:

Main Objective: “the attainment by all peoples of the highest level of health”
which is set out in the preamble of the constitution.

OBJECTIVES IN THE PREAMBLE OF WHO:

 Complete state of physical, mental and social well being

 No discrimination in path of attainment of highest standard of health.
 Good Health is for attainment of peace and security.
 Good health is valued to all
 Equal development in promotion and control of disease in all the countries
 Extension to all people of the benefits of medical, psychological and related
knowledge.
  Informed opinion and active co-operation

MEMBERSHIP IN WHO:

 Open to all countries.

 Most of the members of both the UN and the WHO.
 Territories which are not responsible for the conduct of their relations may
be admitted as Associate members. Associate members participate without
vote in deliberations of the WHO.
 Each member contributes yearly to the budget and each is entitled to the
services and aid the organization can provide.

WORK OF WHO:

 Prevention and control of specific diseases

 Development of Comprehensive services
 Family health
 Bio-Medical Research
 Health Statistics
 Environmental Health
 Health literature and information
 Co-operation with other organization

STRUCTURE:

1. WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY

 Supreme governing body and the health parliament of nations.
 Annual meeting-May, Venue-Geneva
 It is composed of Delegates from different respective countries and
each is given the power of one vote.
 Functions:
 International health policy and programmes
 Review the work of the past year.
 Approve the budget of the following year.
 Approve the budget needed for the following year.
  Elect Member states to designate a person to serve for three
years on the executive board and to replace the retiring
members
2. EXECUTIVE BOARD
 It has18 members which had been incremented to 31 members by the
health assembly.
 Members to be technically qualified in the field of health
 Designated by their respective governments, but do not represent their
respective governments.
 One third of the membership is renewed every year is renewed every
year.
 Executive board meets every year in the month of January and May
after the meeting of the World Health Assembly.
 The main work of the board is to give effect to the decisions and
policies of the assembly
 Emergent and immediate action in epidemics, earthquakes
3. SECRETERIAT:
 Headed by the Director General
 Function:
 To provide member states with technical and managerial
support for their national development programmes.
 There are 5 Assistant Director Generals who are assigned
different tasks by the Director General.

DIVISIONS OF DIRECT SECRETERIAT:

 Division of epidemiological surveillance and health situation and trend

adjustment.
 Division of communicable diseases.
 Division of vector biology and control
 Division of environmental health
 Division of public information and education for health division of public
information for health
 Division of mental health
 Division of diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative technology.
  Division of strengthening of health services.
 Division of family health
 Division of non-communicable diseases
 Division of health-manpower development
 Division of information systems support
 Division of personnel and general services
 Division of budget and finance

WHO REGIONAL CENTERS:

 SOUTH-EAST ASIA-New Delhi(India)

 Africa- Harare(Zimbabwe)
 Americas-Washington D.C(U.S.A)
 Europe- Copenhagen(Denmark)
 Western Pacific Manila(Philippines)

REGIONAL OFFICERS:

 The regional offices each are headed by a regional Director, assisted by

technical and administrative officers, and members of the secretariat.
 There is a regional composed of representative of member states in the
region
 Regional committees meet once in a year.
 Regional plans are amalgamated into overall plans by the Director General
of the WHO.

The South-East Asia Region (SEARO)- WHO:

 Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Korea (Democratic people’s

Republic), Maldives Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand

WHO ACTIVITIES IN SEARO:

 Malaria eradication
 Tuberculosis control
 Control of other communicable diseases
  Health laboratory services and other communicable diseases
 Health statistics
 Maternal and child health
 Nursing
 Health education
 Nutrition
 Mental health
 Dental health
 Medical rehabilitation
 Quality control of drugs and medical education

UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP)

 Established in the year 1966

OBJECTIVES:

 To help poorer nations develop their human and natural resources more
fully.
 It covers every social & economic sector-agriculture, industry, education,
science, health & manpower.

The UNDP projects cover virtually every economic and social Sector
agriculture, industry, education and science, health, social welfare.

UNDP’S activities:

 UNDP's network links and coordinates global and national efforts to

reach these Goals.
 Their focus is helping countries build and share solutions to the
challenges of:
 Democratic Governance
 Poverty Reduction
 Crisis Prevention and Recovery
  Environment and Energy
 HIV/AIDS

WORLD BANK

The World Bank is an internationally supported bank that provides financial

and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs (e.g.
bridges, roads, schools) with the stated goal of reducing poverty.

INTRODUCTION:

 President: Robert B Zoellick

 Membership: 185 countries
 Headquarters: Washington
 Established: July 1st 1944

INSTITUTIONS OF WRLD BANK:

1. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSRUCTION AND

DEVELOPMENT (IBRD):
 IBRD lends to countries with good credit, funding itself by raising
cash in credit markets
2. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (IDA):
 Lends 6 billion dollars or more a year to poorest countries, half to
Africa, in interest-free loans with repayment periods upto 40 years
3. INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION (IFC):
 A private sector arm owned by the bank’s 179 member countries,
makes market rate loans and equity investments in developing lands
4. MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT GUARANTEE AGENCY (MIGA):
 Works with other bank units to develop foreign direct investment in
high risk countries
5. INTERNATIONAL CENTER FPR THE SETTLEMENT OF
INVESTMENT DISPUTES (ICSID):
  Is an autonomous unit to settle disputes between governments, private
sectors

NEED OF WORLD BANK:

 Build capacity
 Create infrastructure
 Develop financial system
 Combat corruption

HISTORY:

 The world bank is one of the two Bretton Woods Institutions which were
created in 1944 to rebuild a wartorn europe after World War II . Later,
largely due to the contributions of the Marshall Plan ,the World Bank was
forced to find a new area in which to focus its efforts.

CONTRIBUTION:

 Poverty reduction strategies

 Comprehensive development framework

OPERATIONS:

 Fund generation:
 IBRD lending to developing countries is financed by selling AAA-
rated bonds.
 IDA is the world’s largest source of interest free loans and grant
assistance to the poorest countries.
 Loans:
 Investment loans
 Development policy loans
 World bank treasury
 Grants:
 Relieve the debt burden of heavily indebted poor countries
 Improve sanitation and water supplies
  Support vaccination and immunisation programs to reduce the
incidence of communicable diseases like malaria
 Combat the HIV/AIDS pandemic
 Support civil society organisations
 Create initiatives to cut the emission of greenhouse effect
 Analytic and Advisory services:
 Poverty Assessments
 Public Expenditure Reviews
 Country Economic Memoranda
 Social and Structural Reviews
 Sector Reports
 Topics in Development
 Capacity building:
 Advisory Services and Ask Us
 Global Development Learning Network
 World Bank Institutes Global and Regional Programs
 B-SPAN (B-SPAN is a window into a unique world that offers the
public an opportunity to see what is being discussed and debated
inside the World Bank)

AREA OF OPERATION:

 Agriculture and Rural Development, Economic policy, Education, Energy,

Environment, Financial sector, Health, nutrition and population industry,
Information, computing and telecommunication, Law and justice, Private
sector, Social protection, Trade, Water resources, Water supply and
sanitation

SUPPORT TO INDIA:

India is home to over one-quarter of the world’s poor, and the World Bank
Group is focused on sharing best practices as well as financing for development as
part of its mission to help reduce global poverty.

CRITICISM:
  It was started to reduce poverty but it support United States’ business
interests.
 It is deeply implicated in contemporary modes of donor and NGO driven
imperialism.
 The President of the Bank is always a citizen of the United States.
 Lack transparency to external publics
 It is an instrument for the promotion of U.S. or Western interests.
 The decision-making structure is undemocratic.
 It has consistently pushed a “neo-liberal” agenda.

5 PRIORITIES OF WORLD BANK:

 World Bank provides the largest external funds for education.

 It is a big support in reducing poverty.
 It provides fund for biodiversity projects.
 It helps to bring clean water, electricity, and transport to poor people.
 It helps in controlling emerging conflicts

FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION

INTRODUCTION:

Food & Agricultural Organization (FAO) was the first specialized agency of UN
established after II world war in 1945 in Quebec, Canada which subsequently
moved in to Rome.

FORMATION:

 16 October 1945, in Quebec City, Canada.

 TYPE : Specialized Agency
 HEAD QUATERS-ROME Palazzo FAO, Rome, Italy
 HEAD: José Graziano da Silva

PARENT ORGANIZATION:

 UN Economic and Social Council

  Is an agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat
hunger.
 Serves both developed and developing countries.

HISTORY:

 The idea of an international organization for food and agriculture emerged in

the late 19th and early 20th century, advanced primarily by the US
agriculturalist and activist David Lubin.
 In May–June 1905, an international conference was held in Rome, Italy,
which led to the creation of the International Institute of Agriculture
 Later in 1943, the United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt called a
United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture.
 Representatives from forty four governments gathered at The Homestead
Resort in Hot Springs, Virginia from 18 May to 3 June.
 They committed themselves to founding a permanent organization for food
and agriculture, which happened in Quebec City, Canada on 16 October
1945 with the conclusion of the Constitution of the Food and Agriculture
Organization
 The First Session of the FAO Conference was held in the Chateau Frontenac
at Quebec, Canada, from 16 October to 1 November 1945

MOTTO:

Its Latin motto, fiat panis, translates as "let there be bread".

MEMBERS:

 As of 8 August 2013, FAO has 194 member states, along with the European
Union (a "member organization"), and the Faroe Islands and Tokelau, which
are associate members.

STRCTURE:

FAO is composed of seven departments: Administration and Finance, Agriculture

and Consumer Protection, Economic and Social Development, Fisheries and
Aquaculture, Forestry, Natural Resource Management and Environment, and
Technical Cooperation.
BUDGET:

 FAO's Regular Programme budget is funded by its members, through

contributions set at the FAO Conference.

ACTIVITIES:

 FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate
agreements and debate policy.
 FAO is also a source of knowledge and information, and helps developing
countries and countries in transition modernize and improve agriculture,
forestry and fisheries practices, ensuring good nutrition and food security for
all.

PRIORITY WORK AREAS:

 Help eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition.

 Make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable.
 Reduce rural poverty.
 Enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems.
 Increase the resilience of livelihoods from disasters.
 In this context, FAO initiated “ A World Freedom from Hunger campaign
during 1960 and disseminated nutrition information and education to people.
 In Dec 1992, an international conference on Nutrition was held in Rome in
collaboration with WHO.
 They jointly sponsored a large number of expert committees on Food &
Nutrition.
 Several projects have been developed on nutrition education, food quality
and safety, micronutrient deficiency and nutrition surveillance.
 FAO also shares interest in the control of brucellosis and other zoonosis.

UNICEF (UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S

EMERGENCY FUND)

 It was established in 1946 by the United Nations General Assembly to deal

with rehabilitation of children in war ravaged countries
  In 1953, when the emergency functions were over, the General Assembly
gave it a new name "U.N. Children's Fund" but retained the initials,
UNICEF.
 UNICEF's regional office is in New Delhi; the region 's known as the South
Central Asian Region which covers Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, India, the
Maldives, Mongolia and Nepal.
 UNICEF works in close collaboration with WHO, and the other specialized
agencies of the United Nations like UNDP, FAO and UNESCO.
 In the early years, UNICEF and WHO worked together on problems such as
malaria, tuberculosis and venereal diseases.
 More recent times UNICEF had turn away from campaigns for the
eradication of specific diseases unless they are of direct benefit to mother
and children
 UNICEF is giving greater attention to the concept of the "whole child”.
 This approach is also known as ‘country health programming' in which
UNICEF is currently interested so as to meet the needs of children as an
integral part of the country's development effort.
 Its headquarters is located in New York

SERVICES OF UNICEF:

1. CHILD HEALTH
 UNICEF has provided substantial aid for production of vaccines and
has supported BCG vaccination program in India.
 It has also assisted in building a penicillin plant near Pune.
 Assisted environmental sanitation programs emphasizing safe and
sufficient water for drinking and household use in rural areas.
 The purpose is not only to reduce child illness and death, but to
improve the quality of life in the villages
2. CHILD NUTRITION:
 It gives high priority to improving child nutrition.
 In collaboration with FAO, UNICEF also began aiding "applied
nutrition" programs through such channels as community
development, agricultural extension, schools and health services so as
 to stimulate and help the rural population to grow and eat the foods it
required for better child nutrition.
 Supplied equipment for modern dairy plants in various parts of India,
viz. Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal,
Andhra Pradesh
3. FAMILY AND CHILD WELFARE:
 The purpose is to improve the care of children, both within and
outside their homes through such means as parent education, day-care
centers, child welfare and youth agencies and women's clubs.
 These services are carried out not as separate projects but as part of
health, nutrition and education or home economics extension
programs.
4. EDUCATION:
 In collaboration with UNESCO, UNICEF is assisting India in the
expansion and improvement of teaching science in India. Science
laboratories' equipment, workshop tools, library books, audiovisual
aids are being made available to educational institutions.
 Emphasis is placed on the kind of schooling relevant to the
environment and future life of the children.

Currently, UNICEF is promoting a campaign known as GOBI campaign to

encourage 4 strategies for a "child health revolution”

 G for growth charts to better monitor child development

 O for oral rehydration to treat all mild and moderate dehydration
 B for breast feeding, and
 I for immunization against measles, diphtheria, polio, pertussis,
tetanus and tuberculosis.
 Since 1976, UNICEF has been participating in Urban Basic Services (UBS).
 The aim of the UBS projects is to upgrade basic services (e.g., health,
nutrition, water supply, sanitation and education) especially for children and
women - in selected cities and towns.
 The overall objective is to improve the degree and quality of survival and
development of the children of urban low-income families.
 DANIDA (DANISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY)

Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA), is the brand which the

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, uses when it provides humanitarian aid
and development assistance to other countries, with focus on developing countries.

DENMARK has been granting development assistance since the end of the
Second World War.

 Founded: 1962.
 Industry : FINANCE SERVICE
 HEADQUATERS: COPENHAGEN, DENMARK

SERVICES:

 Development finance.
 Small and medium enterprise finance.
 Export finance, import finance.
 Foreign investment finance.
 Development aid.

CO-ORDINATION:

 DANIDA also works in collaboration with the United Nations, the World
Bank, regional development banks and the European Union.

DANIDA & INDIA:

DANIDA provides assistance for three National Health Programmes.

 DANLEP – LEPROSY:
 The programme was launched in four districts in three states of
Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, & Tamil Nadu.
 It offers infrastructural support, health education, human resource
development, programme monitoring & prevention & care of
deformities.
  DANTB – TUBERCULOSIS:
 DANIDA assists the Revised national Tuberculosis Control
Programme since 1966 and is continuing till today.
 DANPCB – BLINDNESS:

DANIDA provides assistance for the services rendered under National Blindness
Control Programme since 1978. The assistance is offered in three phases:

 PHASE I: Strengthened the infrastructure of Primary Health centres.

 PHASE II: It set up District Blindness Control Societies in order to
develop human resources & to decentralize the services.
 PHASE III: Continues the gains of the earlier phases and is proposed
to set up national Eye Care Center through its assistance.

ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION

 The Foundation was active chiefly in public health and medical education.
Subsequently, its interest was expanded to include the advancement of life
sciences, the social sciences, the humanities and the agricultural sciences.
 The work of the Rockefeller Foundation in India began in 1920 with a
scheme for the control of hookworm disease in the then Madras Presidency.
 The establishment of the All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health at
Kolkata was in a large measure due to the cooperation of the Rockefeller
Foundation.
 At present the Foundation is directing its support to the improvement of
agriculture, family planning and rural training centers as well as to medical
education

INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS

 The Red Cross is a non-political and non-official international humanitarian

organization. The first Geneva convention took place in 1864 and a treaty
was signed for the relief of the wounded and sick of the armies in the field.
Thus came into being the International committee of Red Cross (ICRC).
Role of Red Cross:

 It was largely confined to the victims of the war.

 Mainly it tries to involve itself into activities like first aid in case of war like
situations, MCH services
 Lately it has tried to extend it’s research in Disaster management and has
designed emergency protocols.

UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

(USAID)

 The US Government presently extends aid to India through three agencies

(1) United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (2) The
Public Law 480 (Food for Peace) Program (3) The US Export-Import Bank.
 USAID was created in 1961, it is in charge of activities previously
administered by the Technical Cooperation Mission (TCM).
 A USAID mission functions in New Delhi. Both grants and loans are
extended by the Agency.
 The US has been assisting in a number of projects designed to improve the
health of Indian population.
 The recent trend in assistance from the USA is increasingly in the support of
agricultural and family planning programs, with some reduction in aid in the
general public health field.

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL

ORGANIZATION (UNESCO)

 The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

(UNESCO) was born on 16 November 1945.
 UNESCO has 195 Members and 8 Associate Members and is governed by
the General Conference and the Executive Board.
 The Secretariat, headed by the Director-General, implements the decisions
of these two bodies.
 The Organization has more than 50 field offices around the world and its
headquarters are located in Paris.
 UNESCO’s mission is to contribute to the building of a culture of peace, the
eradication of poverty, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue
through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information.
 UNESCO works to create the conditions for dialogue among civilizations,
cultures and peoples, based upon respect for commonly shared values. It is
through this dialogue that the world can achieve global visions of sustainable
development encompassing observance of human rights, mutual respect and
the alleviation of poverty, all of which are at the heart of UNESCO’s
mission and activities
 UNESCO focuses on a set of objectives in the global priority areas “Africa”
and “Gender Equality” And on a number of overarching objectives:

 Attaining quality education for all and lifelong learning

 Mobilizing science knowledge and policy for sustainable development
 Addressing emerging social and ethical challenges
 Fostering cultural diversity, intercultural dialogue and a culture of
peace
 Building inclusive knowledge societies through information and
communication

INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION (ILO)

 In 1919, the International Labor Organization (lLO) was established as an

affiliate of the League of Nations to improve the working and living
conditions of the working population all over the world.
 The purposes of ILO are :
 to contribute to the establishment of lasting peace by promoting social
justice.
 to improve, through international action, labor conditions, and living
standards.
 to promote economic and social stability.
 The International Labor Code is a collection of international minimum
standards related to health, welfare, living and working conditions of workers all
over the world. There is a close collaboration between ILO and WHO in the field
of health and labor. The headquarters of ILO is in Geneva, Switzerland.

CARE (CO-OPERATIVE FOR ASSISTANCE AND RELIEF

EVERYWHERE)

 CARE (Co-operative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere) was founded in

North America in the wake of the Second World War in the year 1945.
 It is one of the world's largest independent, non-profit, non- sectarian
international relief and development organization.
 It provides emergency aid and long term development assistance.
 CARE began its operation in India in 1950, till the end of 1980s, the primary
objective of CARE - India was to provide food for children in the age group
of 6-11 years.
 CARE-India works in partnership with the Government of India, State
Governments, NGOs etc. Currently it has projects in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West
Bengal.

NATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES

I. INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY

The Indian Red Cross is a voluntary humanitarian organization having a

network of over 1100 branches throughout the country, providing relief in times
of disasters/emergencies and promotes health & care of the vulnerable people
and communities.

 It is a leading member of the largest independent humanitarian organization

in the world, the International Red Cross & Red Crescent Movement.
  The movement has three main components, the International Committee of
Red Cross (ICRC), 192 National Societies and International Federation of
Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

MISSION:

The Mission of the Indian Red Cross is to inspire, encourage and initiate at
all times all forms of humanitarian activities so that human suffering can be
minimized and even prevented and thus contribute to creating more congenial
climate for peace.

ABOUT INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY:

 Indian Red Cross Society (IRCS) was established in 1920 under the Indian
Red Cross Society Act
 The IRCS has 36 State / Union Territories Branches with their more than
1100 districts and sub district branches.
 Honourable President of India is the President and Hon'ble Union Health
Minister is the Chairman of the Society.
 The Vice Chairman is elected by the members of the Managing Body.
 The National Managing Body consists of 19 members.
 The Chairman and 6 members are nominated by the President. The
remaining 12 are elected by the state and union territory branches through an
electoral college.
 The Managing Body is responsible for governance and supervision of the
functions of the society through a number of committees.
 The Secretary General is the Chief Executive of the Society.

ORIGIN OF INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY

During the first world war in 1914, India had no organization for relief
services to the affected soldiers, except a branch of the St. John Ambulance
Association and by a Joint Committee of the British Red Cross. Later, a branch of
the same Committee was started to undertake the much needed relief services in
collaboration with the St. John Ambulance Association in aid of the soldiers as
well as civilian sufferers of the horrors of that great war. A bill to constitute the
Indian Red Cross Society, Independent of the British Red Cross, was introduced in
the Indian Legislative Council on 3rd March 1920 by Sir Claude Hill, member of
the Viceroy's Executive Council who was also Chairman of the Joint war
Committee in India . The Bill was passed on 17th March 1920 and became Act XV
of 1920 with the assent of the Governor General on the 20th March 1920 .

On 7th June 1920 , fifty members were formally nominated to constitute the
Indian Red Cross Society and the first Managing Body was elected from among
them with Sir Malcolm Hailey as Chairman.

Indian Red Cross Society has partnership with National Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies, St.John Ambulance, International Federation of Red Cross and
Red Crescent Movement (IFRC), International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC
), Multinational firms. Individuals and others in supporting IRCS activities. It also
coordinates with Indian Government and other agencies ( UNDP, WHO etc )

SEVEN FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF RED CROSS

 Humanity : The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, born
of a desire to bring assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the
battlefield, endeavors, in its international and national capacity, to prevent
and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be found. Its purpose is to
protect life and health and to ensure respect for the human being. It promotes
mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace amongst all
peoples.
 Impartiality : It makes no discrimination as to nationally, race, religious
beliefs, class or political opinions. It endeavors to relieve the suffering of
individuals, being solely by their needs, and to give priority to the most
urgent cases of distress.
 Neutrality : In orders to enjoy the confidence of all, the Movement may not
take sides in hostilities or engage in controversies of a political, racial,
religious or ideological nature.
 Independence : The Movement is independent. The National Societies, while
auxiliaries in the humanitarian services of their governments and subject to
the laws of their respective countries, must always maintain their autonomy
so that they may be able at all times to act in accordance with the principles
of the Movement.
  Voluntary service : It is voluntary relief movement not prompted in any
manner by desire for gain.
 Unity : There can be only one Red Cross Or Red Crescent in any one
country. It must be open to all. It must carry on its humanitarian work
throughout its territory
 Universality : The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, in
which all societies have equal status and share equal responsibilities and
duties in helping each other, is worldwide.

MAIN CORE AREAS:

The Indian Red Cross's programmes are grouped into four main core areas:

 Promoting humanitarian principles and values:

 Disaster response:
 Disaster preparedness; and
 Health and Care in the Community.

PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES:

 Social Emergency Response Volunteers (SERV): The Social and Emergency

Response Volunteer (SERV) Programme is designed to build community
resilience through training of the target group by Master trainers, Instructors
and SERV volunteer on a pan India basis.
 Blood Bank
 Livelihood program: A multiyear partnership on livelihood projects was
started in 2016 aimed at addressing the livelihood needs in identified
vulnerable households/communities in the selected IRCS State Branches
 First Aid: The National Headquarters is regularly organizing workshops &
trainings in basic FA with the aim to update the volunteers in the latest
trends in this field thus contributing to strengthen the capacities of IRCS
First Aid trainers
 Education and Training Program: With the growing need for Health Care
Attendant in the society for serving the elderly, disabled and critically ill
persons at home Indian Red Cross Society is prepared to start Home Health
 Aide Course in collaboration with Ministry of Skill Development and
Entrepreneurship, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital and Safdarjang Hospital.
 Tuberculosis (TB) Program: Indian Red Cross Society (IRCS) is playing an
increasingly important role in ensuring that TB cases are treated successfully
and stigma and discrimination against the patients is eliminated.
 Family News Service: The Red Cross Tracing Service operates around the
world, to re-establish contacts between separated family members and re-
uniting them whenever possible.
 Youth Program:
 Trainings to selected teachers and students on Red Cross, Youth
program activities as well as on Hygiene Promotion, Water &
Sanitation and First Aid.
 Initiation of preparation of visibility activities (wall paintings, posters
etc) and printing of behavior change communication material etc.
 Initiation of behavior change communication sessions in communities
on WASH, First Aid and Health.
 Celebration of special days in school/ college and branch levels with
focus on increasing community awareness on Red Cross and Health
issues, e.g. – World Red Cross Day, World Health Day, World Water
Day, World Health Day, World Malaria Day, International Youth
Day, International FA Day, World Toilet Day.
 Exposure visits of selected Community members/J/YRC Members to
other villages to observe community development approaches.
 Initiation of Providing WASH materials (e.g. water filter, soap) and
FA Kits and FA Posts in the communities as per need.
 Initiation of clean school/college- Healthy school/college and clean
village- Healthy village campaigns.
 Partners for Resilience:
The Partners for Resilience (PfR) is an alliance of five
Netherlands-based humanitarian, development and environmental
organizations: the Netherlands Red Cross (Lead agency), CARE
Nederland, Cordaid, the Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre, and
Wetlands International (WI). The PfR aims to reduce the impact of
natural hazards on the livelihoods of around 4,00,000 vulnerable
people worldwide. The Alliance uses an integrated approach to
mitigate disaster risk and enhance livelihoods, particularly by
 addressing climate change and ecosystem management and
restoration.

II. INDIAN COUNCIL FOR CHILD WELFARE (ICCW)

ICCW is a registered, secular, apolitical, non-profit & a non- governmental

organization, with the sole objective of serving children in distress who are
orphans and destitute.

VISION:

A society for its children by giving first priority to their needs, rights and
protection thereby ensuring opportunities for the fullest development of the innate
potential of every child leading to the well being and happiness of both.

MISSION AND OBJECTIVE:

 To ensure for the children their basic human right to survival, physical,
mental and social development and opportunity to grow to their full
potential.
 To work for the protection of children against neglect, abuse and
exploitation.
 To initiate, support or undertake any activity for betterment of families and
communities, which will ultimately enhance the quality of life for children.
 To initiate, undertake or aid directly or through District Councils or
Institutional Members, schemes for furtherance of Child
Welfare/Development in Tamil Nadu…..(TN branch)
 To promote dissemination of knowledge and information and to educate
public opinion of Child Welfare/ Development programs on a scientific
basis
 To promote enactments of legislation relating to matters concerning children
and their welfare and to work towards the implementation of the provisions.
 A Protective Framework reporting, rescuing & rehabilitating for Children.
 Launching special initiatives for promoting Participation rights of Children.
 Identifying eager volunteers for enriching program.
  Ensuring efficient, qualitative service delivery.

ORGANIZATION:

ACTIVITIES:

1. RAJIGANDHI NATIONAL CRECHE SCHEME

 The programme was recast by the Government of India in 2006 as the
Rajiv Gandhi National Creche Scheme for Children of Working
Mothers.
 At present, ICCW runs 5303 crèches across 31 States and Union
Territories in the country.
 Through this programme ICCW covers tribal, rural and urban children
across 449 districts.
 Provides day care services to children (0-6 years) of working mothers.
 Holistic care for the physical, mental and emotional development of
these children, and delivers the following services:
 Every crèche cares for approximately 25 children. • Each crèche is
managed by a crèche worker and a helper.
  Supplementary nutrition, Immunization and health care facilities,
Recreation, Non-formal pre-school education to children.
2. TOY BANK:
 Advocating Children's Rights.
 Creches for children of working and ailing mothers.
 Training programmes for child care workers.
 Sponsorship for School.
 Education of under-privileged children.
 Projects for Street and Working children.
 Scrutiny of Adoption Cases.
 Rehabilitation of Abandoned Children.
 Institutional and day care services for differently abled children.
 Programmes for children in difficult circumstances.
 Programmes with special focus on the girl child.
 Education Centres and Support Services.
 National Integration Camps/ Adventure Camps.
3. Honouring Children for Bravery.
4. Honouring Child Artists.

III. FAMILY PLANNING ASSOCIATION OF INDIA

 The Family Planning Association of India, abbreviated as FPA India, is a
registered charity in India.

ESTABLISHMENT:

 The family Planning Association of India (FPAI) was established in 1949.

 Its headquarters is located at Mumbai and has branches all over the country.
 Established in 1949, the organization has 40 local branches across the
country that promote sexual health and family planning.

VISION:
 FPA India envisions sexual and reproductive health for all as a human right,
including gender equality leading to alleviation of poverty, population stabilization
and sustainable development.

MISSION:

 FPA India strengthens a voluntary commitment to advocate for SRH and

Rights and, choices.
 It promotes access to SRH information and services related to family
planning, safe abortions, HIV/AIDS and sexuality to poor, marginalised and
vulnerable populations including young people.

ACTIVITIES:

 FPAI runs clinics providing family welfare services including MTP and
sterilization.
 It conducts mobile camps in rural areas.
 It conducts training programmes for doctors, para-medical workers,
volunteers and opinion builders in the area of family planning.
 It has two Regional Training Centers at Hydrabad & Gwalior.
 Training programme:
 FPAI imparts education about population control, family life, safe sex
and prevention of STDs & AIDS.
 It organizes seminars, workshops and conferences.
 Campaigns
 Sensitizing the public
 Health education
 It publishes quarterly journals related to family welfare.
 Its Parivar Pragathi Pariyojana undertakes community development
activities.
 It gives financial assistance to other NGOs undertaking family welfare
services.

IV. TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA

 The Tuberculosis Association of India was formed in 1939.
 It has branches all over India.
ACTIVITIES:

 Organizing a TB Seal campaign every year to raise funds.

 Training of doctors.
 Training of Health Visitors.
 Organizing a TB Seal campaign every year to raise funds.
 Training of social workers in anti tuberculosis work.
 Promotion of health education and promotion of consultations and
conferences.
 Conduction of annual conferences and steps to promote research in TB.
 Publication of periodicals related to TB.
 Release of stamps

INSTITUTIONS UNDER ASSOCIATION:

 The New Delhi Tuberculosis Centre.

 The Lady Linlithgow Sanatorium at Kasauli.
 The King Edward VII sanatorium at Dharampur.
 Tuberculosis hospital at Mehrauli.

V. HIND KUSHTU NIVARAN SANGH:

The Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh (HKNS), the Indian Leprosy Association,
registered in 1949 (hereafter referred to as Sangh) is successor of the British
Empire Leprosy Relief Association (BELRA), which was founded well back in
1925 with the objectives of serving leprosy afflicted individuals, removing stigma
of leprosy from the society and promoting social & research activities in the field
of leprosy in India.

PRIME OBJECTIVE:

 To carry out research on various aspects of leprosy

 To provide short courses of training , treatment of leprosy

ACTIVITIES:

 Rendering of financial assistance to various leprosy homes and clinics.

  Health education through publications and posters.
 Training of medical workers and physiotherapists.
 Conducting research and field investigation.

VI. CENTRAL SOCIAL WELFARE BOARD

 CSWB is an autonomous body, under the control of Ministry of Education.
 This was set up by the government of India, on 13 Aug 1953.
 CSWB is an initiative of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
 Dr. Durgabai Deshmukh was the founding Chairman. (Eminent Social
Worker).

MISSION:

 As a National Organization, strive to be recognized as the most progressive

entity for providing services of unequivocal excellence to women and
children for their protection, capacity building and total empowerment.
 To raise awareness about the legal and human rights of women and girl child
and to run campaigns against social evils affecting them.

VISION: The Board must :

 Act as a change maker with a humanitarian approach by reinforcing the

spirit of voluntarism.
 Create an enabling mechanism to facilitate networking of committed social
workers for the empowerment of women and children.
 Develop a cadre of sensitive professionals with a gender centric vision
committed to equity, justice and social change.
 Recommend gender specific policy initiatives to meet the new challenges for
women and children in emerging areas.
 Strengthen voluntary organizations and expand coverage of ‘engendered’
schemes in areas where they have not yet reached.
 Initiate and strengthen its monitoring role to act a social audit and guide for
the voluntary sector so as to access Government funds as resource.
  Generate awareness about the challenges of a society in transition where
negative use of technologies and practices are impacting on the wellbeing of
women and children.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE:

 The Board is headed by Chairperson.

 The Board has a 56 member General Body and a 16 member Executive
Committee.

General body:

 Chairperson, CSWB.
 All Chairpersons of State Social Welfare Boards.
 Representatives from the Parliament; two from Lok Sabha and One from
Rajya Sabha.
 Five Professionals (one each from Law, Medicine, Social Work, Education
and Social Development and Nutrition)
 Three eminent persons with extensive experience of social work.
 Representatives from Ministries/Departments.

Executive Committee:

 Chairperson, CSWB.
 Chairperson of State/Union territories State Social Welfare Boards; -
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Assam, Rajasthan, A&N Islands
 Representatives of Ministries/Department of Government of India (of the
level of JS) - Ministry of Women and Child Development, Ministry of
Health & Family Welfare, Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of
Finance, Ministry of HRD, D/o Secondary & Higher Education, Ministry of
Social Justice & Empowerment, Financial Advisor, Ministry of Women and
Child Development
 Two Professionals.
 Executive Director, Central Social Welfare Board.
 FIELD OFFICERS MACHINERY OF CSWB: The field staff of the Central
Social Welfare Board in the cadres of Project Officer, Asst. Project Officer
 and Welfare Officer are attached to the various State Social Welfare Boards
to supervise and monitor the implementation of the various programmes.

ACTIVITIES:

 It surveys the needs and requirements of voluntary welfare organizations in

the country.
 It promotes the formation of social welfare organizations.
 It provides financial aid to deserving welfare organizations.
 It has started a scheme of “Industrial cooperatives” under which the women
of the lower middle class in urban areas, were employed and given salary,
thus releasing their economic status
 It has initiated “Family and Child Welfare Services” in 1968, in rural areas
for the welfare of women and children through various activities such as
mother craft, social education, literacy classes, distribution of milk,
organization of play centers for children, etc.

VII. BHARAT SEVAK SAMAJ

 Bharat Sevak Samaj is the National Development Agency sponsored by the
Planning Commission, Government of India to ensure public co- operation
for implementing government plans.
 Formed in 1952.
 Has branches in all the states and in all the districts. Improvement of
sanitation in the village is one of the major activity of B.S.S.
 The main purpose behind the formulation of Bharat Sevak Samaj is to
initiate a nation wide, non official and non political organization with the
object of enabling individual citizens to contribute, in the form of an
organized co-operative effort, to the implementation of the National
Development Plan.
 The constitution and functioning of Bharat Sevak Samaj is approved
unanimously by the Indian Parliament.

OBJECTIVES:

 To find and develop avenues of voluntary service for the citizens of India:
  To promote national sufficiency and to build up the economic strength of the
country.
 To promote national sufficiency and to build up the community and to
mitigate the privations and hardships of less favoured sections.
 To draw out the available unused time, energy and other resources of the
people and direct them into fields of social and economic activity.
 To take all steps which are necessary for the fulfillment of the aforesaid
objects.
 Reaching unreached.
 Skill based training for all without any barriers.
 Education for any one, any time, any where.
 Training to all through all possible modes.

VIII. ALL INDIA BLIND RELIEF SOCIETY

 The All India Blind Relief Society was established in 1946.

 It functions for the relief of the blind.

ACTIVITIES:

 The Technical Training Centre of the Blind Relief Association hosts an

Industrial Motivation Campaign. The idea is to motivate the current and
former vocational trainees towards entrepreneurship through starting small
business of their own.
 Voluntary service in candle making, bookbinding and school library.
 Distribution of electronically operated sewing machine
 EDUCATION ACTIVITIES
 SCHOOL EDUCATION: The Government-aided JPM School is an
all-boys residential school providing education and comprehensive
range of services free to around 200 students under its care. The
School is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education. The
School also has a Nursery section, which prepares children for future
educational tasks through the playway method. The foundation of
learning laid here helps build a sound educational edifice in years
 ahead. Special academic and equipment support is also provided to
the children with low vision. Activities like music, dance, sports,
yoga, martial arts, reflexology, trekking are integral to the school
programme.
 TEACHERS TRAINING: Durgabai Deshmukh College Of Special
Education (VI) (Affiliated with the University of Delhi)
 DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER EDUCATION: The first of its kind one-
year Diploma Course in Computer Education Training (Visual
Impairment) approved by the Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI)
has been launched by the Association on pilot basis from September
2014. It aims to prepare a cadre of personnel specially equipped to
provide education in computers and related services to the visually
impaired. Admission to the Course is done on the basis of entrance
test and interview. Minimum qualification is Senior Secondary
 TRAINING ACTIVITIES
 TECHNICAL TRAINING: The Centre offers vocational training in a
wide range of industrial and other occupations to visually impaired
adults. The training also include orientation and mobility,
communication skills etc. General Mechanic-cum-Machine Operator's
Course (1 Year) is for those who have passed Class VIII. Training
covers areas of factory work like, assembly jobs, inspection work,
operating such machines as power press, drilling and tapping
machines. The Course is recognized by the Board of Technical
Education, Government of Delhi as a regular I.T.I. Course
 MASSAGE TRAINING (3 Month): The training for visually
challenged adults has been designed in collaboration with the famous
VLCC Institute covers Swedish, Thai, Aroma and Head Massage. For
imparting further training to the past trainees special course in
Ayurvedic Massage is being conducted under the care and support of
Shehnaz Husain International Beauty Institute. In addition, visiting
experts impart skills in pain- management through reflexology and
magneto- therapy. These skills have opened up new avenues for the
visually challenged for jobs and self-employment.
 MULTI-SKILL TRAINING: An innovative 1-year training
programme designed for adult blind (male/female) between the age of
18 to 35 year who have either missed- out school education or are
marginally educated to acquire a variety of skills to become useful
workers for industry or become self- employed. Skills covered are
book binding and paper craft, basic massage, chair caning, candle
making, packaging etc. The trainees also have supportive sessions on
personality development, understanding computer, Braille, music,
orientation and mobility
 ELECTRONIC TRAINING: The 1-year training prepares low- vision
and orthopedically handicapped in the repair and maintenance of
household electrical and electronic gadgets
 CANDLE MAKING: The programme provides training and
remunerative work to the visually impaired. Also,
representatives/persons deputed by NGOs/welfare organizations are
welcome to undergo training to start such programmes in their
centers.
 CALL CENTRE TRAINING: An upgraded call centre training
designed for computer-literate visually challenged persons has been
introduced in association with QUIKR, a leading e-commerce
company, from August 2014. Under 1-year training programme the
trainees receive stipend and incentive as they master the skills of
telemarketing