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Fluid Mechanics

Introduction

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39 views14 pages

Fluid Mechanics

Introduction

Uploaded by

ali0000000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Tree & Force Vortex Apparatus Ambros FLUID _ MECHANICS LAB Lae Nt Couto ro ol) Doe) The Setup is designed to verity Reynold’s Apperatus experimentally. The Apparatus consats of a glass tube with one end having bell mouth entrance ‘connected toa water tank. At the other end of the glass tube a cocks provided to vaty the rate of flow. Flow rate of water con be measured with the hei of Measuring Cylinder and Stop Watch, supplied with the set-up A capilar tbe is introduced centrally in the bell mouth. To this tube dye Is fed from a small z o o \ | (7 MECHANI (a oe | se contained water re-cculating unt provided with a sump tank and a centifugal pum ete. lew conto valve and by ass valve are ‘ted in water ine to conduct the experiment on ferent flow rates. Flow rate of water I measured with he elp of measuring tank a stop watch. [EXPERIMENTS + Totind the point velocity a the conto a tube fo diffrent lw rates of wate and caltvate the Pot tube + Toplot velocity profile across the cross section of pipe Tecnica sPecicarion = rectan + Matai opps of compute sire ted win vomir Seno + Tentsenon + MralGe' Ae Compatbio 1B. Pee + WaterCieuiaten FHP Pum, Crampton / Sharp make 2 ater Spy & Orin * Rowieensement Vag emma ak Capac 400. able + SumpTenk opacity 70 Stoo mie, 220 vac, 0.5xW a oss ee Beams sities 5 Ste) On Ot Ste, Minna t. ‘The whole Set-up is well designed and aranged ina good quality painted Suctre. ‘The experimental set up consist of a cicular transparent cylindrical tank in which four circumferential jets have been placed along the cxcumference ofthe cyinder near ts bottom hich helps i the formation oreo vortex et assumed that Torque exerted by these jets is negligible. The Orifice is reducing bush so that 9 reduced diometer canbe investigated. The pate canals be ftated with the help ‘of vaible speed motor so thatthe cylinder rotates about its vertical Axa with ‘honep ofa V bet and forced vortexis formed. Concitions wor slowed to sty State and the depth of flow at any particular point was observed not to change ‘over period of time. The experimental procedure involves measurement of Fesulting re surface that represents the vaiaon of the sum ofthe pressure and ‘datum hous [EXPERIMENTS + Toplot the surace profile of tree and forced vortex by measurement ofthe surface profile coordinates and to show that total energy i= constant ‘throughout vortex ‘TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ‘+ Gylndor: Materia Acrylic Da. 200mm approx + Height of Overtiow point: 150mm + Drive : FHP variable speed motor, speed way ‘+The whole Setup is wall designed and arranged in a good quality pointed structure Gearing Future ae cence eae ‘An cific isan opering made in the side of bottom of tank, having closed perimeter trough which the fhid may be discharged A mouthpiece = short tebe fited to same size circular opening provided In a tank so that Mid may be ‘ischargod trough t Otic and mouthpiace are used to measure the rate of How ‘of hquid. The apparatus is designed to measure the co-afclnt of discharge of ‘ontice & mouthpece The apparatus consists ofa supply tank. at the side of which a universal faut for ‘mounting orice or mouthpace attached. A centrifugal pump suppis the wate {o supply tank. Head over the ontice mouthpiece is controlled by by pass valve Drowded at pump dacharge. A measuring tank i» provided to measure the ‘ischare. A gauge for measuring X and ¥ co-ordinates of jt from the orice ‘Provided whichis utedto calculate CV of oie, ‘SPECIFICATIONS ‘Supply Tank 0.4 X0.3 X0.5m height Oriee-Bmm and 10mm. Mouthpiece up=4 uo=1 Borsas mouthpiece Convergent mouthpiece XY gauge for orice jt co-ordinates, Measuring tank of sutabie capacity OR a caoted water low meter seein seqcesncumen + Flow surface 2 mire. 1 mi. X 1.8m height. ‘A technica! manual sccompanies the unt + 230 Vols, § Amp. Stabitzed AC. Power Supply i | Measurement of tau flow i equred a various places and fr varous purposes. trent tyes of fw measuring devices are ved tependng upon ts system conatione, acre required, of oprator ane economy Geared Tne Unt Camnstrtes some tte ow speciricaTions 1 nergrtry Type Trine flow meter, {2}. Gass rube Rtaeter services neauineD 31 Orthamater siren manometer ef srtace 2 mie. x1 mtr X 1.8 {21 Vonusmetr ime he {51 Mossurng Ten : ahs, § Amp, Stabized {61 Stepweten gan ‘Ac Power Sooo 1112 HPMonebeek Pao. {21 Aatterenal manometer a she unt {9} Sump tank of sutabie capacity ‘A "WEIR isthe name given to concrete of masonry structure but across arr (er stream} in oder to raise the level of weter on te upetreem side and to show {ho oxcess water to flow overs entire langth tothe downstream sige, Wes may sieo be used for measuring therate of flow of waterintiver or teams. ES fu) ° Es bd z ° Cy a A Ditforent shopes of ‘WEIRS” genera used are sharp-crested we, broadcasted weir and ogee shaped we. nthe unit centrtgel pum sucks the water from {he sump tank, and discharges to. smal ow channal. The wow fitted at he tend of channel. All the were are interchangeable, The waterflowing over the ‘wor fas nthe collector, Wter coming fom the collector can be dfectad othe ‘ump or ean be directed tothe measuring tank or measurement of ow SPECIFICATIONS [11 The units provided with fotowing wows: (a) Shorperested we (0) Broad-crestod wo (e)_Ogee shaped wer ba [21 Pump 1/2 H.P. monoblock. [1 Flow measurement Measuring tank clbrated water How moteris used. A technical manual ccompanies the unit Gearing Future Through Education (Il) HYDRAULIC MACHINES LAB ion Wheel Tube en impuse water turbine now in common use. named in honor irLA Pelton (1629-1908) 01 Caiforna, USA hie a tangeta How impulse ube Stmosphere. This turbine i used for high heeds. The Present Setup consists of 9 ‘nor The buckets are mounted onthe tuner, The waters fed othe tbe, ough '8S moze with a 8 spear by means of Cental um tangent to te "nt turin is raat by adjusting the soar postion bythe hale i recty mounted on ona end Of acai! SS sat and ‘ate rangement. The crear window of the fubie aang = provided wha Wanaperent cry sheet for gbservaion of flow onto the buckets, Ts runerasuerbiy supported by id MS structure Load sapped tthe be cleatedPressre Gouge i fated a the Inet ofthe tare to measure the tte Scop head the turban EXPERIMENT + Tosetermine the Outut Powe of Petten Whee! Turbine = nce urumisneaumen Sa te Sopa os, Soom ea a eer ee aca asc 1351 Francis Turbine Test Setup Francis Turbine is a eatin Turbine, which was developed by Engieh born American Engineer Si JB. Franc, The wete enters the turbine trough te outer peoery of {00s on changing into Katie energy. Thus, the water though the runner under Desa. The unne is completely endosadin on a Ugh cain and runnr ays ‘The peosont Set-up centugal Pump. fo ‘eandow ofthe ube catng proved with a tranaparnt The car widow of he {rte casings provided with a ranpsront cre dee or observation of ow On ‘he runner The runner asembi 8 supprted by Yuck cast ron pedestal Load opped in be cleloted. A draught tbe ited onthe outet of the turbine. The Set ‘ompite with guide mechanism, Pressure and vacuum sug oe ted a th et and ‘Outer of te turbine to measure the ota spy heodon ha ture EXPERIMENT re the Outout Power of Frcs Turbine Soma one ian 5 reer Seater nee ong cue nn LUTIUTIES REQUIRED omaifond | Stems Sune am ei MCB ar orn oon + ean ae a ‘+ Blectricity 18 KW, 440VAC, Three Phase 24 vous enorrer] Tel: 491.89 151 00002, 90340 40404 | Ema: amtrosndu@[Link],ifo@[Link] ie A Through Education 1352 Kaplan Turbine Test Setup Kaplan Turbine san axel flow reection Turbine named in honor of Dr. 8 Kaplan, # ‘Gennan Engineer. This turbine i suitable for low oad. The power prodiced by 8 turbine is proportional to OM. As the head (Ht) decresses the J iacharge (0) must Increase to produce the same power The present Set-up consists of scrollcasing| housing a runner Water enters the turbine trough the stationary Quis vanes ne passes theough the runner axily. The runner hes a hub nd aio vanes, wich fre mounted on [Link] water is fd to the turbine by means of Centrifugal Pump. The runners reciy mounted on one and of ocental SS shaft ond other end connected oa brake arrangement A tansporent hollow cylinder made of acre ‘sittin between the draught tube andthe casing or observation of How onto the aro vanes. This runner assembly is supported by thick cast on pedestal ood is applied to the turbine withthe help ofthis brake arrangement so that th ‘efficiency of the turbine can be calculated. The Set-up ls supped with contol panel. A draught tube sted on the Outlet of the turbine. The Set-up comp ‘nth guide macheniem Pressure and Vacuum Gaupe ae fited at henet & Out ‘ofthe turbine to measure the total supply head onthe turbine ‘EXPERIMENT 1 Tostudy the operation ofa Kaplan Turbine To determine tne Output Power of Kapion Turbine + Tedetermine the Turbine Eticoncy z TECHMCAL SPECINCATIONS woe rae He ueputPoene 133He7TRW. SHP/3.78Ke Rope Bate mamomete Bis 200% 200mm emp ex ‘Cepecry 300 Uta —| Capes 600 ies Water Greuton Catia Pap Cap: 71, The Pass Cap. 201 Thea Pass Som 1200 RPM approx) oer chan aed Vrs ‘The tole se wis we sgn and oranaed ina god any pant ocr Uuriuies ReauineD + Water Supply and Drain. + Blectcty 15 KW, 440V AC, Thee Phase 1353 (A) Centrifugal Pump Test Rig Closed Circut Type With $.S. Tanks, ISI Mark Pumps & Motors, Powder coated. The closed creut test ig consists of 9 “krloskar make” monablock contig pump. The pump is provides with a vacuum gouge on suction pipe and pressure ‘B0ug0 on slechorge pipe. The gate valve is used to adust the head on te pump. The decharges measured by measuring tank water ow meter. The put power ismeasuted by energy mate ‘SPECIFICATIONS 1. Centitgol monoblock-1 HP 2. _ Pressure gauge and vacuum gauge for measuring the head. 3. Measuring tank of 400x400 x400 mm oR Water ow enargy meter for measuring the iseharge 4. Stopwatch 5. Sumptanko sutficion capaci 6. Energy meter tomesture input power. A technicalmamual accompanies th equipment. FEATURES 1 The equipment & costed with an attrective and anticorosive powder comting. SERVICES REQUIRED 2, The-equpment consists ofS! standard + 440V, 15A, stabilized tree phese A.C supply. ‘Mono block Kiloskar make Foor area: 2m 2m xm height Energy meter Maxwell Jeipurmoke + Tachometer or speed measurement (i) Water ow moter Kranti/Anend make (canbe suppledatextacost) MOHAN BROTHERS|) Te: «01-89 181 00002, 903 40 40404 | Ena: antcsndu@[Link], nlo@[Link] are Merete cols) ‘The Set-up is designed to study the performance of Mult Stage Centrifuge! Pump. ‘The Setup consists of a Mut Stage Centitugl Purp coupled with DC motor & rive, supply tank. measuring tank & pie tings for closed loop water culation. ‘Thare ore 2 separate pumps comected to OC Motor and dive and can be connected in series and paral! to stimulate eiferent combinations. Pressure ond ‘Vacuum Gauge are connected on delivery and suction side of each pump forthe purpose of measurement. Swinging Field Dynamometer arrangement for direct torave measurement using Gal type spring Balance s made fornia Dump. ‘Tha low rate of weter is measured using measuring tank end stop watch provided EXPERIMENTS + Speed Vs Discharge ‘Head Vs Discharge at various speeds * Efficiency curves at various speed and heads TEeAICAL SPECINCATIONS uum neque re Rmptanos) + ior, canacty Spent 2200705” Gaee ups ove 20 +10 VAC see oe 50 Hz, Single Phase Electric Supply with + Ome + SEbnaog ron ona ee Boer aung svt ectage ae _ Oe ‘Sons vach® A tees pn sock mah : Sipcny aot ens Baines 1 Saucy 100. eed ih comer pore Sileateue Wr Spr Tp water coneaon + Pong . live Dr ated wat @ 80 Le Topi £ Btrvaen rows comet 2 Someta | Wingard lect ngrmennion 2 Thounou Sot wo dined on ungedno G0 Gay parted “The Set-up s designed to study the performance of Reciprocating Pump. The Set up consists of Reciprocating Pump couple with electrical motor, supply tank, ‘measuring tank & pipe fitings for eased loop water culation. Pressure and ‘Vacuum Gauge are connected on delvery and suction side of pump for the purpose of measurement. The Mow rate of water is moasured using measuring {nk and stop watch provided. EXPERIMENT ‘+ Toddetermine overall efiiency and pump efficiency ofthe Reciprocating Pump + Toplot Head Vs. Oscharge, Pump efficiency Vs. Discharge FEATURES + Closedtoop water circulation + Compact standalone setup [MS Excel sample calculation program on demand + Stainiess Stool tanks and wetted parts 2 Superopaintedstwcrare + Smpeto Operate & Maintain EOMMCALS SPECHICATIONS aero Dbl ng, sing Cyn, Cpa unwmes neauineo Sree Sones a esac nan) 2 Bace Supply: Provide 230 +/: 10 VAC, 80 + ie ‘SCiiteem ance ay erga osteoma ease eared emt indoator ~~ — ‘earthing. (Neutral ~ Earth voltage less than 5 Stork: Sopucy Ps YVACI'S'A tee pin socket sth switch for Hncmawatant toner SOLNE ewan eronate Tobe Sete pure. = a + Water Supply: Tap water conection 6° Scrwarana Winegard dati inrantton 88h. itl water © 80 Lux. Option ‘ona cost) “hewihol Set-v wel Sesgrad on rogeain good quit Bante ste 26 ‘mona onarens] sas sie 0.0m matin ie on NV rrentetatred tel: ‘The Set-up is designed to study the performance of Gear Pump. The Setup consists of a Gear Pump having a pal of moshed gears coupled with electrical ‘motor. supply tank, measuring tank & pipe fitings for closed loop ol culation. Pressure and Vacuum Gauges are connected on delivery and ston side of Pum for te purpose of measurement. The Now rate of water le massuted Using ‘measuring tank and stop watch provided EXPERIMENT + Tosdetermine overalleficiency and pum efficiency ofthe Gear Puno + Toplot Head Vs. Discharge, Pump efficiency Vs. Discharge FEATURES ‘Closed toop water crulation Compact & standalone stp MS Excel sample calculation program on demand Staniess Sto tanks and wetted parts Super painted structure Simpie to Operate & Maintain TECHNICALS SPECIFICATIONS ve Gest Puno with pai of meshed gears Capac 1H, Speea 100080 mau) Head elon mas) + Ove [AC otr with sep cone py srengumant ft 3 profiad so8ed UTILITIES REQUIRED ‘Se meer ah BC bene tog wt nncantact pe OgtAEM Smee gurtiy” Provide 230 +/: 10VAC. 80 tractor Single Phese Electric Supply with proper 2 Wheting Tank Etpucy 20 ire td with Parte Tube 8 Sst tarting. (Neutral ~ Earth voltage less than § 5 Steve VAC) 8 A, thee pin socket with switch for 1 Shavthee Setupiawalecgredendorengedlnageed got pactedsivctae, _* OW Supply:04@ 30s. (Optional extracost) Mydraule RAM is used to [tiow head works on a principe of water amy stating what “Wha lowing ‘waters sudden stopped in a ong pie a pressure wave travels along the pipe fect of water hammer” The Soop consists of pipe section ted ‘with 9 pulse valve and nen-vetur valve, a supply reservoir on stand which i ‘connacted ton overhead tank, an a vessel above the vaive chamber smoothes {yehe Muctuations om the Ram delvery. Different pressure may be appied othe Bulse valve to change the closing pressure and hence the operating cheracteristic ‘The low rate of usell snd waste water is messured using messuring tank 8nd ‘Stop watch provided. Pressuo ond Vacuum Gauge or connected on tery ond Sieton ie lore purpose ol meesuroment. FEATURES, 2 Cased oop water ckcuaton Compact & stand alone setup {+ MS Bxcel sample calculation program on demand Stainless Stel tanks and wetted porte Super pointed structure Simple to Operate &Mointain TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Product yseaule RAM Raw ‘Size 80x 18mm, Supply Head 2.5m, Dairy Head 10m mak) exrenaen , paenal Sac omenvmcces sro tnd out dscherge of useful water and DelveryLine For RAM, Dis 80mm Length 6m. waste water + ime CCapecty 1 HP, Crompton /Shorp/oro make + To find out the eticioncy of the Hydroue Supply Tank! Copocty 180 Lvs. RAM S Overnead Tank: Cepocty 100s, Measuring Tank Surtable Capacity one each fo useful and waste mies REQUIRED MOC'SS titted 2 Nos.) witsPrcometer Tudo & Scale UMTS ROU nc. 50 2 StopWaten Sectone He, Single Phase Electric Supply with proper ProssureGauge : Bourdon Type thing. (Neutral ~ Earth voltage tess than 5 + GontrePanel”” ! Comprises of Standard make OwOtt Switch, Mans VAC) 6A. theo pin socket with switch for + Tanks willbe made of Stanlaas Stoo, il ier Sorsies Tee eee eoorecden ese +The whole Setup is well designed and arranged in a good quality painted” Bistuegnater@ Bolts. (Optonal, Late Mat roy ‘The Set-up is designed to study the performance of Jet Pump. The Set- coor tk, meer tk A poe ting tr sand np wh | hamayetbede em Stety tan, meosieg tnt & pp ngs tr sed lop ‘Sion Meu an Vac Googe contacted on Gate, «<*> #lL nd. Duce, Paw tiny ‘and suction side of pump for the purpose of measurement. The flow Me Deane: ‘reo water branes ung iin aS OP Nagy rowan FEATURES src 5 Conger ond senso oven sreomcarions 4 fe ian Tae MG" txct sump caattan progam on 2 Rilo | Mecca erthemaas ona rove ‘emnx 25 en (Sutton x Preeswex '* Stainless Stee! tanks and wetted parts, Sern en + Stoonpamoa scare < sone ¢oemrone Sint Oper acca SS enema wiedene + tame: Ceo 2 hee Sime i. = unues neouneo 2 Shea Some + Gece Sip: Pole 290+ 10VAC, 80 Soca | Sapyrocrmemin Arata Fes BeBe Spy wn on wer racic ‘stn: mute Ea lege ok Sisco wh in ey BA" te i sok nh eh ot aon = + heeenetncemC a maeiesinoniyiid - a Distited water@ 90 Ltrs. (Optional) + To determine overall efficiency and pump \tficioncy ofthe Submersible Pump | ‘+ To plot Head Ve. Discharge, Pump efficiency Ve Discharge FEATURES +) Closed loop water circulation + Compact & stand alone setup + MS "Excel sample calculation program on + Stainless Stel tanks and wetted parts + Superb painted structure + Sipe to Operate & Maintain ‘UmUTies REQUIRED ‘+ Blectte Supply: Provide 230 + /- 10 VAC, 50. He, Single Phase Electric Supply with proper ‘earthing. (Neutral ~ Earth voltage lass than 5 VAC), 8 A tvee pin socket with switch for oa Tap water connection " BSP, Dated wate @ 90\v.(Optena| 28 “wow eotpes] 192 i, 204: matin nea Fluid Mechanic: CoE LIC BENCH WITH ACCESSORIES ‘OBJECTIVE: To conduct the experiment of hydraulic Bench, with separate experientil setups Le. Hydrostatic Pressure, Flow over Weir, Beroull's Theorem, Flow meter Demonstration, impacto jot and Orifice Discharge ete which are accessories of the Hydraule Bench, DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS ‘The setups a salt contaned, wate recculation unt provided with atop tray sump tank anda measuring tan. Or provided on the sump tank. A centitugel pump sited for water crculaton. How contol valve and bypess va Conduct the expenment at tere ow ates Fow at of waters measured withthe help of measuring tank and stop watch. Measunng tank 9 proveed to measure the discharge. Dra ‘aves provdedin the measuring tank to empty warn sup tank afer measuing Gacharge. Sepertelevel incator ond cole = proved {oread the aval of waterin the measuring tank Unies ReauIRED SPECFICATION +" Water Suppl (Fil approx 260 Listy + TopTray 1060 mm 650 mm. Weer Sei a corres 240) + Rime 1HP + 220'V AC, 60 He, single phase eect + Flow Measurement: Using measuring Tank (Materia! SS) ‘supoly source + Tank Capacity our. + Floor area 1.75 mx 1.50. + SumpTenk CCapecty 120.1. Material 8 ‘The whole set-up is wall designed and arangedina good quality powder coating painted structure. RANGE OF EXPERIMENTS Fotowing experments canbe carrad outwith common baste ost, which can be connected to Hydraulic Bench ‘with + Bernoulli's Theorem Apparatus Oniice and Mouth Piece Apparatus Flow measurement by Venturimeter and Oriicemater Loses due t Friction in Pipe Lines Losses in Pipe fiting and Pipe Bends Reynolds Number study Impact of Jet on Vanes Pot State Tube OO i | eee A «| \ | Gearing Future Through Education (IV) FLUID MECHANICS & HYDRAULIC MACHINES MODELS. 1 Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines Models: 1. Hook Gauges 2. Venturimeters & Orificemeters 3. Manometers (A) Pitot Tube (8) UTude Double Column Manometer (C) Differential Manometer (0) Inclined Manometer 4. Valves Models (A) Hydraulic Non Return Valve 5. Different impellers Of Pumps And Turbines (Set of 8): Mixed Flow Runner Cast Aluminium (i) Axial Flow Runner Cast Aluminium i) Radiat or Centritugal Runner Cast Aluminium (iv) Kaplan Runner Cast Aluminium (Francis Runner Cast Aluminium (vi) Domestic Sef Pumping Runner of Brass (vi Centrifugal Runner Actual Cast ron (vii) Pelton Whee! Runner Cast Aluminium (8) Display Board For Pipes (C) Hydraulic Elevator (0) Hydraulic Ram Non Working Model | (€) Polton Turbine Mode! Btcmceamalal (F) DeLavel Turbine Model (G) Kaplan Turbine Model (H) Francis Turbine Model (0) Impulses Turbine Working Mode! () Airor Steam Pressure Turbine Model (K)_ Pure Reaction Turbine Mode! (U Radial Turbine Model (0) Gear Pump Mode! (W) Rotary Pump (0) Centrifugal Pump : Actual Cut Section (©) Reciprocating Pump : Actual Cut Section (Q) Model Of Air Lift Pump Mode! (R)_ Pendulum Pump Model (S)_Archemedian Serew Pump Modal (1) Tubewell Mode! (U) Deep well Turbine Pump Model (V)_ Submersible Pump Model (W) Hydro-Electric Power Installation Model 0 onan ores 1 conan 11 0 02, 98440404] En insane oben con

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