PHRASES AND CLAUSES
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students must have:
1. identified and explained the different kinds of phrases and clauses;
2. transform phrases into clauses;
3. composed grammatically correct paragraphs
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Warm-Up Activity
PHRASE or CLAUSE
Look into the following examples:
1. a. reading a book
b. that we are reading a book
2. a. to exercise in the morning
b. that you should exercise in the morning
3. a. is being applied
b. That acupuncture is being applied
4. a. having seen the results
b. Since she has seen the results
5. a. experiencing the emotion of fear
b. That Celso has experienced the emotion of fear
Phrase
What is a phrase?
A phrase is a group of words that stands together as a
single grammatical unit typically as part of a clause or a sentence.
A phrase…
• is a group of words
• has no subject and/or verb
• has no complete idea
Examples:
• my best friend 👉 acts like a noun
• with the blue shirt 👉 acts like an adjective
• for twenty days 👉 acts like an adverb
Examples:
• on the table 👉 no subject, no verb
• finished the task 👉 no subject
• Getty and his friends 👉 no verb
Remember ☝
• A phrase can have a subject or a verb but not both. A group
of words with no subject or verb is also a phrase.
Clause
What is a clause?
• A clause is a group of words having both subject and a verb.
It can sometimes act as a sentence but is not always the case.
A clause…
• is a group of words
• with subject and verb
• may or may not have a complete idea
A clause has two types:
👉 INDEPENDENT
👉 DEPENDENT
• An independent clause is a clause that can stand alone as a
sentence.
👉 with subject and verb
👉 has a complete thought
Examples:
After I die,
I will be forgotten.
I love my country,
so I will make sure to protect its sovereignty.
A dependent clause is a clause that cannot stand alone as a
sentence.
👉 with subject and verb
👉 has no complete thought
👉 needs an independent clause
👉 begins with a subordinating conjunction
👉 The following conjunctives introduce dependent clauses
After Provided as
Although Since In case that
As Supposing In order that
Because Till Otherwise
Even if Whenever Though
In as much For Until
Whereas How Unless
Whether
Examples:
After I die,
I will be forgotten.
Because I woke up late,
I was not able to pass my projects on time,
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Discussion: Phrases
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH THE FOLLOWING
EXAMPLE?
Cannot be my friend
Discussion: Phrases
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLE?
Cannot be my friend
Answer: It is missing a subject. Who cannot be my friend?
To fix: Add a subject in order for it to be a complete sentence.
Alex cannot be my friend. (complete)
Discussion: Phrases
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH THE FOLLOWING
EXAMPLE?
The girl in the red hood
Discussion: Phrases
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLE?
The girl in the red hood
Answer: There is no verb. What is the girl in the red hood doing?
To fix: Add a verb.
The girl in the red hood walked toward me. (complete)
Note: A verb can be a state of being as well as an action.
Example:
Unselfish love toward another human being. (phrase)
Unselfish love toward another human being is rare. (complete)
Discussion: Phrases
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH THE FOLLOWING
EXAMPLE?
At the end of the day
Discussion: Phrases
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLE?
At the end of the day
Answer: Prepositional phrases like this may seem like complete thoughts but they
are not. Other examples: On the soccer field, After a long silence, To play the
piano.
To fix: Add an independent clause (which by definition contains both a subject
and a verb) to the phrase.
At the end of the day, Gina watches the sun set. (complete)
The players cheered on the soccer field. (complete)
I am longing to play the piano. (complete)
Discussion: Phrases
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH THE FOLLOWING
EXAMPLE?
Barry running to the dorm
Discussion: Phrases
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM WITH THE FOLLOWING
EXAMPLE?
Barry running to the dorm
Answer: The sentence has an -ing verb with no helping verb such as is, are,
was, were, has, have and had.
To fix: Add a helping verb.
Barry was running to the door. (complete)
Discussion: Clauses
Memory Tip:
CLAUSE: Subject+Verb
May or may not express a complete thought.
SENTENCE: Subject+Verb
Expresses a complete thought and may contain several clauses
Discussion: Clauses
TRY THIS!
I own a beautiful cat.
Discussion: Clauses
TRY THIS!
I own a beautiful cat.
Number of clause/s: 1
Number of sentence/s: 1
Discussion: Clauses
TRY THIS!
I own a beautiful cat; her fur is glossy black, and after I brush it,
her eyes glow with pleasure, and she snuggles in my arms with
loud purrs of contentment.
Discussion: Clauses
TRY THIS!
I own a beautiful cat; her fur is glossy black, and after I brush it,
her eyes glow with pleasure, and she snuggles in my arms with
loud purrs of contentment.
Number of clauses: 5
Number of sentence: 1
Discussion: Clauses
In underlining the subject (noun or pronoun) and verb (action or
state of being) in each clause, you can see the number of clauses each
sentence has.
I own a beautiful cat complete thought
her fur is glossy black complete thought
after I brush it incomplete thought
her eyes glow with pleasure complete thought
She snuggles in my arms with loud purrs of complete thought
contentment
Discussion: Clauses
Restrictive and Non-restrictive Clauses
Study these examples:
1. I want to engage in a physical activity that is enjoyable. (restrictive)
2. The motto “Live and let live,” which my friend quotes often, is my favorite
quotation. (nonrestrictive)
3. I enjoy the company of a person who has a sense of humor. (restrictive)
4. Her neighbor Alfredo, who teaches in the university, raises chickens in his
backyard. (nonrestrictive)
AN EMPTY ROOM
HORROR MOVIES
LATELY
WHILE YOU WERE
SLEEPING
IF I WERE RICH
ABOVE THE CLOUDS
ALTHOUGH SHE
GRADUATED
BUT SHE FIXED IT
Prepared By:
Pastor, Danica Hanna
dela Cruz, Angelyn
Faustino, Chessa Pae
