Chap2 - Frequency Distributions and Graphs

1 Interpret a Frequency Distribution

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use the given frequency distribution to find the

(a) class width.
(b) class midpoints of the first class. a)Class width=2nd upper class limit-1st upper class limit
(c) class boundaries of the first [Link] 2nd lower class limit-1st lower class limit=
53-50=3/56-53=3
1) Height (in inches) B)midpoint=(upper claas limit + lower class limit)/2=50+52/2=51
Class Frequency, f c)class boundries=
50 – 52 5 UCB=UCL+0.5=52+0.5=52.5
53 – 55 8 LCB=LCL-0.5=50-0.5=49.5
56 – 58 12
59 – 61 13
62 – 64 11
A) (a) 3 B) (a) 2 C) (a) 3 D) (a) 2

(b) 51 (b) 51.5 (b) 51 (b) 51.5

(c) 49.5-52.5 (c) 49.5-52.5 (c) 50-52 (c) 50-52

a)Class width=2nd upper class limit-1st upper class limit

2) Phone Calls (per day)
2nd lower class limit-1st lower class limit=
Class Frequency, f
12-8=4/16-12=4
8 – 11 18
B)midpoint=(upper claas limit + lower class limit)/2=(8+11)/2=9.5
12 – 15 23
c)class boundries=
16 – 19 38
UCB=UCL+0.5=11+0.5=11.5
20 – 23 47
LCB=LCL-0.5=8-0.5=7.5
24 – 27 32

A) (a) 4 B) (a) 3 C) (a) 4 D) (a) 3

(b) 9.5 (b) 10.5 (b) 10.5 (b) 9.5

(c) 7.5-11.5 (c) 8-11 (c) 8-11 (c) 7.5-11.5

3) Weight (in pounds)

Class Frequency, f a)Class width=2nd upper class limit-1st upper class limit
135 - 139 6
2nd lower class limit-1st lower class limit=
140 - 144 4 140-135=5/145-140=5
145 - 149 11 B)midpoint=(upper claas limit + lower classlimit)/2=(135+139)/2=137
150 - 154 15 c)class boundries=
155 - 159 8 UCB=UCL+0.5=139+0.5=139.5
LCB=LCL-0.5=135-0.5=134.5

A) (a) 5 B) (a) 5 C) (a) 4 D) (a) 4

(b) 137 (b) 137 (b) 137.5 (b) 137.5

(c) 134.5-139.5 (c) 135-139 (c) 134.5-139.5 (c) 135-139

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4) Miles (per day)
Class Frequency, f
1-2 9
3-4 22
5-6 28
7-8 15
9 - 10 4
A) (a) 2 B) (a) 1 C) (a) 2 D) (a) 1
(b) 1.5 (b) 1.5 (b) 1 (b) 1
(c) 0.5-2.5 (c) 0.5-2.5 (c) 1-2 (c) 1-2

a)Class width=2nd upper class limit-1st upper class limit

2nd lower class limit-1st lower class limit=
3-1=2 /5-3=2
B)midpoint=(upper claas limit + lower class limit)/2=(1+2)/2=1.5
c)class boundries=
UCB=UCL+0.5=2+0.5=2.5
LCB=LCL-0.5=1-0.5=0.5

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SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Use the maximum and minimum data entries and the number of classes to find the class width, the lower class limits,
and the upper class limits.
5) min = 1, max = 30, 6 classes

6) min = 80, max = 265, 6 classes

5) Class width=30-1/6=4.8 and round it up to 5

1-45
6-10
11-15
16-20
21-25
26-30
6) Class width=265-80/6=30.8 and round it up to 31
80-110
111-141
142-172
173-203
204-234
235-265

2 Interpret Frequency Distribution Graphs

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide
an appropriate response.
1) Use the ogive below to approximate the number in the sample.

A) 80 B) 100 C) 341 D) 28

2) Use the ogive below to approximate the cumulative frequency for 24 hours.

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 A) 63 B) 17 C) 27 D) 75

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Use the relative frequency histogram to

a) identify the class with the greatest, and the class with the least, relative frequency.
b) approximate the greatest and least relative frequencies.
c) approximate the relative frequency of the fifth class.
3)

a)class with the greatest=105-115

class with the least=145-155
b)Greatest [Link]=0.35
Least [Link]=0.03
c)approximately 0.08

Use the given frequency distribution to construct a frequency histogram, a relative frequency histogram and a frequency
polygon.
4) Height (in inches) In the x axis we. Can put the LCL
Class Frequency, f or LCB
50 - 52 5 [Link] Y axis frequency and [Link]
53 - 55 8 Freq/sample size And histogram is. Bars without
56 - 58 12 56 - 58 n=49 12 gaps
59 - 61 13 5/49=0.10
62 - 64 11 And so on
In the x axis we put the midpoint
Y axis frequency
And polygon is a line graph
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 In the x axis we. Can put the LCL
or LCB
5) Weight (in pounds) Y axis frequency and [Link]
Class Frequency, f [Link] And histogram is. Bars without
135 - 139 6 Freq/sample size gaps
140 - 144 4 n=44
145 - 11 6/44=0.14
149 And so on
150 - 154 15 In the x axis we put the midpoint
155 - 159 8 Y axis frequency
And polygon is a line graph

3 Construct a Frequency Distribution from Data Se

CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an

appropriate response.
1) A city in the Pacific Northwest recorded its highest temperature at 91 degrees Fahrenheit and its lowest
temperature at 12 degrees Fahrenheit for a particular year. Use this information to find the upper and lower
limits of the first class if you wish to construct a frequency distribution with 10 classes.
A) 12-19 B) 12-20 C) 7-17 D) 12-18

Start with LCL=12

Find the class width=(91-12)/10=7.9and round it up=8
12-19
20-27 5
28-35 and so on
 2) A sample of candies have weights that vary from 2.35 grams to 4.75 grams. Use this information to find the
upper and lower limits of the first class if you wish to construct a frequency distribution with 12 classes.

A) 2.35-2.55 B) 2.35-2.54 C) 2.35-2.65 D) 2.35-2.75

Start with LCL=2.35

Find the class width=(4.75-2.35)/12=0.2a
2.35-2.55

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

The Highway Patrol, using radar, checked the speeds (in mph) of 30 passing motorists at a checkpoint. The results are
listed below.

44 38 41 50 36 36 43 42 49 48
35 40 37 41 43 50 45 45 39 38
50 41 47 36 35 40 42 43 48 33

3) Construct a frequency distribution, a relative frequency distribution, and a cumulative frequency distribution
using six classes.

speed freq [Link] Cumulative. freq

33-35 3 0.10 3
36-38 6 0.20 9
39-41 6 0.20 15
42-44 6 0.20 21
45-47 3 0.10 24
48-50 6 0.20 30

4) Construct a frequency histogram, a relative frequency histogram and a frequency polygon using six classes.

In the x axis we. Can put the LCL

or LCB
Y axis frequency and [Link]
And histogram is. Bars without [Link]
gaps Freq/sample size
n=30
3/30=0.1
And so on
In the x axis we put the midpoint
Y axis frequency
And polygon is a line graph
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 5) Construct an ogive using six classes.

In ogive we use the

cumulative
We use LCL or LCB

Provide an appropriate response.

6) Listed below are the ACT scores of 40 randomly selected students at a major university.

18 22 13 15 24 24 20 19 19 12
16 25 14 19 21 23 25 18 18 13
26 26 25 25 19 17 18 15 13 21
19 19 14 24 20 21 23 22 19 17

a) Construct a relative frequency histogram of the data, using eight classes.

In the x axis we. Can put the LCL

or LCB
Y axis [Link]
And histogram is. Bars without
gaps

b) If the university wants to accept the top 90% of the applicants, what should the minimum score be?
7)
a) If the university sets the minimum score at 17, what percent of the applicants will be accepted?

4 Concepts

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Provide an appropriate response.

1) 1) Explain the difference between class limits and class boundaries. Class limits determine which
numbers can belong to that class. Class boundaries are the numbers that separate classes without forming
gaps between them.

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5. More Graphs

1 Interpret Data Sets

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Provide an appropriate response.

1) The numbers of home runs that Sammy Sosa hit in the first 15 years of his major league baseball career are
listed below. Make a stem-and-leaf plot for this data. What can you conclude about the data?

5 15 10 8 33 25 36 40 36 66 63 50 64 49 40

0 48
1 05 First we order the value from smallest :4-8-10-15-25-33-36-36-40-40-49-
2 5 50-63-64-66
3 366 Most of these years he hit 36 and 40
4 009
5 0
6 346

2) The numbers of home runs that Barry Bonds hit in the first 18 years of his major league baseball career are
listed below. Make a stem-and-leaf plot for this data. What can you conclude about the data?

16 25 24 19 33 25 34 46 37
33 42 40 37 34 49 73 46 45

0
1 6 9
2 45 5
First we order the value from smallest :16-19-24-25-25-33-33-34-34-37-
3 3 3 4 4 77
37-40-42-45-46-46-49
4 0 2 5 6 69 Most of these years he hit 25-33-.
5
6
7 3

2 Graph Data Sets

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

1) A safety engineer wishes to use the following data to show the number of deaths from the collision of
passenger cars with trucks on a particular highway. Use a time series chart to display the data. Describe any
trends shown.

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 Year Number of Deaths
1930 12
1940 17
1950 22
1960 21
1970 16
1980 13
1990 11
2000 12

2) Women were allowed to enter the Boston Marathon for the first time in 1972. Listed below are the winning
womenʹs times (in minutes) for the first 10 years. Use a time series chart to display the data.

In x axis we put the year

In y axis we put the time
And then we can display the chart

Year 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981
Time 190 186 167 162 167 168 165 155 154 147

3) The graph below shows the number of car accidents occurring in one city in each of the years 1 through 6. The
number of accidents dropped in year 3 after a new speed limit was imposed. Does the graph distort the data? How
would you redesign the graph to be less misleading?

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 We can start from 0
instead of 60 giving the
impression of a large
difference in the
number of accidents to
avoid

4)

MORE MCQS – important too

1) Reem is constructing a pie graph to represent the number of hours her classmates do
Consider the following ogive of the scores of students in an introductory statistics course:
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

A grade of D is assigned to a student who scores between 60 and 65. Number of students obtained grade
D is:

A (15%) B (42) C (58) 56-40=16

D (16) E Others specify-------

2) The difference between a histogram and a bar chart is:

(a) The midpoints are connected with a histogram but not with a bar chart
(b) The bars must be next to each other on a histogram and separated in a bar chart
(c) Cumulative frequencies are required in a bar chart
(d) None of the above

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3) For a line chart involving time in years and dollar values, the horizontal or X-axis would
be used to represent
A) The dollar variable.
B) The time variable.
C) The class interval.
D) The class frequency.
4) A graphic representation of a frequency distribution constructed by connecting the
class midpoints with lines is called a
A) Histogram.
B) Line chart.
C) Pie chart.
D) Frequency polygon.
5) The distance between consecutive lower class limits is called the
A) Class interval.
B) Frequency distribution.
C) Class midpoint.
D) Class frequency.

6) In a relative frequency distribution

A) The class frequencies are divided by 100.
B) The data are related to each other rather than mutually exclusive.
C) The class frequency is divided by the total number of observations.
D) The frequencies are added together to give a relative set of numbers.

7) The Graph below is called 32

No. of Employee

A) Frequency polygon 28
24
B) Cumulative Frequency polygon (Ogive) 20
16
C) Histogram 12
8
D) Bar chart 4
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
Weekly Income
8) The class midpoint is
A) Found by adding the upper and lower class limit and dividing by 2.
B) Equal to the number of observations.
C) Equal to the class interval.
D) All of the above.

9) The number of observations in a particular class is called the

A) Class interval.
B) Frequency distribution.
C) Class frequency.
D) None of the above.

10) The difference between a histogram and a frequency polygon is

A) The frequency polygon is reported as a percent.
B) The histogram employs bars whereas the midpoints are connected for a frequency polygon
C) Bars cannot be adjacent in a histogram.
D) Open-ended classes can be accommodated with a frequency polygon.

11) The suggested interval size of the class intervals for a histogram can be estimated by:
A) Consecutive lower class limits divided by 2.
B) Consecutive lower class limits divided by the total number of observations.
C) using the formulas: HL max-min/#classes
i
k
D) Consecutive lower class limits divided by the number of frequencies in each class.

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12) Fity faculty members were asked the number of cars they owned (including spouse's
and children's cars). The results are given in the histogram below:
16
14
12
10
frequancy

8
6
4
2
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

# of Cars

Which of the following describe the data?

(a) There are 10 faculty members that own 7
(b) There are 10 faculty members that own 1
(c) There are 15 faculty members that own 2 car
(d) There are no values of 6.
(e) Answer a, b, c & d are correct

13) The class width is the difference between

a) Two successive lower class limits
b) The high and the low data values
c) The upper class limit and the lower class limit of a class
d) The largest frequency and the smallest frequency

14) The Graph below is called

a) Bar chart
b) Frequency polygon
c) Histogram
d) Pie chart. Histogram is Bars without gaps

15) To convert a frequency distribution to a relative frequency distribution

A) Find the difference between consecutive lower class limits.
B) Divide the class frequency by the total number of observations
C) Divide the lower limit of the first class by the class interval [Link]=freq/n
D) Multiply the class frequency by 100.

16) A grouping of data into classes giving the number of observations in each class is
called
A) Bar chart.
B) Frequency distribution.
C) Pie chart.
D) Cumulative frequency distribution.

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17) In a frequency distribution, what is the number of observations in a class called?
A) Class midpoint
B) Class interval
C) Class frequency
D) None of the above

 Q2): Fill in the blanks in each of the followings:

1) A _____________frequency distribution___________ lists each category of data and the number of

occurrences for each category of data.
2) A graphic representation of a frequency distribution constructed by connecting the class midpoints
with lines is called a _________frequency polygon___________
3) A graphic representation of a frequency distribution constructed by connecting the class midpoints
with lines is called a ___________frequency polygon_________
4) An _____ogive_____ is a line graph that depicts cumulative frequencies.

Q3): Indicate which of the following sentences is True and which is False?
The histogram of X will be highest at the expected value of X. (i.e mean)
The expected value (or mean) of X, where X is a discrete random variable, is a
1. f weighted average of the possible values that X can take, each value being
weighted according to the probability of that event occurring..

A stem and leaf display is a graphical method that can be used to

2. t
describe quantitative data sets.
The full numerical information on every item in a set of data is preserved
3. f in a histogram numerical data can be also preserved on polygon and
ogive
For a line chart involving time in years and dollar values, the horizontal
4. t
or X-axis would be used to represent the time variable.

Q4): exam the following graph carefully, then answer the questions below
32
No. of Employee

28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
a. How many employees are studied Weekly Income
b. What class interval (width) is being used 8-4=4/12-8=4

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c. About 40% of the employees have their income less than what amount?
c)[Link]=percentage/100
d. The incomes of 18 employees are less than what amount?
=40/100=0.4
[Link]=freq/sample. Size
0.4=freq/30
Freq=12
D)15

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