Introduction

What does it mean to truly connect with others? How do our relationships shape who we are? Philosophers like
Gabriel Marcel, Martin Buber, Jürgen Habermas, and Emmanuel Levinas explore these ideas about intersubjectivity.
Marcel emphasizes being present and connecting with others through genuine relationships, while Buber's "I-Thou"
relationship highlights seeing each other as equals rather than objects. Habermas focuses on the importance of clear
communication for mutual understanding, and Levinas stresses our ethical duty to respect others because of their
unique humanity. This exploration will show the similarities and differences in their ideas, helping us understand how
meaningful conversations build real connections.

Gabriel Marcel ("Being With") vs. Martin Buber ("I-Thou")

Gabriel Marcel’s idea of intersubjectivity focuses on "being with" others. He believes that sharing experiences and
connections is important for our identity. On the other hand, Martin Buber’s "I-Thou" relationship highlights the
quality of interactions. He says that true understanding comes when we treat others as equals and recognize their
unique value. While both philosophers value relationships, Marcel emphasizes shared experiences, while Buber
focuses on mutual recognition.

Jürgen Habermas's Theory of Communicative Action vs. Emmanuel Levinas’s Ethical Responsibility

Jürgen Habermas talks about intersubjectivity by explaining his idea of communicative action. He believes that talking
to each other is very important for understanding and agreeing in society. Good communication helps us share our
thoughts and solve problems together. On the other hand, Emmanuel Levinas focuses on how we have a duty to be
kind to others. He says we should recognize and respect each person. While Habermas thinks communication is the
most important, Levinas highlights the need to be ethical in our relationships. Together, both ideas show that talking
and being responsible for others are key to having strong connections.

Similarities and Differences Between Marcel and Levinas

Gabriel Marcel and Emmanuel Levinas both care about human relationships but focus on different things. Marcel
believes that the experiences we share with others shape who we are and make our lives meaningful. He sees
relationships as very important. On the other hand, Levinas talks about how we have a responsibility to treat
everyone with respect and dignity. While both think relationships are important, Marcel focuses on personal
connections, while Levinas emphasizes our moral duties to others. This shows they appreciate relationships for
different reasons.

Buber's and Habermas’s Views on Dialogue and Communication

Martin Buber and Jürgen Habermas both stress the role of dialogue in building relationships. Buber's "I-Thou"
concept shows that real communication requires seeing others as equals, leading to meaningful connections.
Meanwhile, Habermas focuses on communicative action, arguing that open dialogue is crucial for understanding and
resolving conflicts. Both thinkers agree that good communication is essential for strong relationships, showing that
meaningful dialogue helps create social connections.

Integrating Perspectives of Marcel, Habermas, Buber, and Levinas

The ideas of Gabriel Marcel, Jürgen Habermas, Martin Buber, and Emmanuel Levinas can help us understand how we
connect with others. Marcel talks about the importance of sharing experiences, while Buber focuses on having real
conversations and treating each other with respect. Habermas emphasizes that good communication is needed to
agree on things, and Levinas reminds us of our responsibilities to treat others well. Together, these ideas show that
strong relationships need emotional connections, moral duties, and good communication.

Conclusion

By looking at the ideas of Marcel, Buber, Habermas, and Levinas, we can better understand intersubjectivity and
what makes relationships important. They talk about sharing experiences, having open conversations, and being
responsible for how we treat others. These ideas show that human connections are complex. In the end, they remind
us that building real relationships is something we all share. This makes our lives better and helps spread kindness in
society.

Reflection
Introduction

As a group of 11, each of us will write a reflection on how the perspectives of philosophers Gabriel Marcel, Martin
Buber, Jürgen Habermas, and Emmanuel Levinas on intersubjectivity can help us better understand human
relationships and social interactions. Through these reflections, we aim to gain deeper insights into improving
communication and building stronger connections.

Jona Mansueto (L)

Gabriel Marcel, Martin Buber, Jürgen Habermas, and Emmanuel Levinas have important ideas that can help us
understand how to build good relationships. Marcel says it’s important to be with others and connect with them to
be close friends. Buber teaches us to treat everyone as equals so we can talk and understand each other better.
Habermas believes that clear communication helps us avoid confusion and misunderstandings. Levinas focuses on
respecting each person's uniqueness, reminding us to be kind and responsible toward others. His ideas help us see
that treating people well is key to having strong connections.

Misty Maye Gaffud (AL)

Their perspectives emphasize being responsible, respectful and communicative with other people. This is because
people are complex beings and we as an individual should do the adjustment for them. We us people should be
understanding and respectful to others. We shouldn't objectify them and we should be more responsible with our
actions. It also promotes how people should be communicative to one another.

Marian Lequin (S)

For Marcel, intersubjectivity is about people connecting to others, which reminds me of the quote "No man is an
island." His studies suggest that understanding ourselves requires valuing our connections with others and avoiding
isolation. This means we need each other and cannot live alone; instead, we help one another in various ways,
providing support and hope. Buber focuses on personal and deep connections, emphasizing meaningful relationships
to enhance our growth. In contrast, Habermas addresses social issues, while Levinas's concept of the "Face of the
Other" highlights the importance of interacting with others through our senses, recognizing our responsibility to help
and support them.

Kurt Raven Guevarra

It is the responsibility of people to get along with other people, so that you do not have difficulty in communicating
with them and so that you do not get confused in what you are doing. It is the responsibility of people to get along
with other people, so that you do not have difficulty in communicating with them and so that you do not get
confused in what you are doing, and to have a good relationship with other people.

J.B. Jadulco

Intersubjectivity helps us see how people understand each other by sharing their thoughts and feelings. Gabriel
Marcel teaches us to be present and truly connect with others. Martin Buber reminds us not to treat people like
objects but to value them as unique individuals. Jürgen Habermas shows us the importance of clear and respectful
communication to avoid misunderstandings. Lastly, Emmanuel Levinas emphasizes our responsibility to care for
others, especially because everyone is different. Together, these ideas help us build stronger, more meaningful
relationships and better social interactions.

Michael Edward Lacson

These philosophers give helpful ideas for understanding human relationships. Gabriel Marcel shows that being fully
present with others helps us connect more deeply. Martin Buber teaches that we should see people as unique
individuals, not just as things or objects. Jürgen Habermas highlights how good conversations help us understand
each other and solve problems. Emmanuel Levinas reminds us that we have a duty to care for others because of their
uniqueness. If we use these ideas, we can connect with people more deeply and help make a kinder and more
understanding society.

Jedrey Limpin

Base on my understanding about Emmanuel Marcel he emphasizes the importance of being "present" to each other.
In his view, true relationships come from valuing the other person, which fosters deeper connection and
understanding. And let's talk about Martin Buber in his concept of "I-Thou" and "I-It," he points out the difference
between real relation and instrumental relation. However, Jürgen Habermas he highlights the need for free
discussion and cooperation to achieve understanding and action. And the last is Emmanuel Levinas in his ethics,
emphasis is placed on "face-to-face" interaction, where responsibility to other people is based on their humanity. It
shows that true relationships come from recognizing each other's dignity.

Mar-Allen Lukban

Philosophers such as Marcel, Buber, Habermas, and Levinas help us understand more about human relations and
social interactions. For Marcel, we need to value and understand the people around us to build stronger connections.
Buber teaches us that we need to treat others fairly and give respect. According to Habermas, we need to emphasize
clear and open communication to avoid misunderstandings. Lastly, Levinas reminds us that every person has unique
worth, highlighting our moral responsibility to treat others with respect, which strengthens our everyday
interactions.

Mark Leo Navoa

This understanding is not achieved through force or manipulation, but through open and honest dialogue, where
participants strive to achieve consensus through reasoned argumentation. His insights can help us navigate the
challenges of communication, build stronger relationships, and create a more meaningful and fulfilling social life.
Through communication, we build shared meanings, negotiate norms, and create a sense of community. By
emphasizing the importance of communication, mutual understanding, and the pursuit of consensus, his work
encourages us to engage in more meaningful and productive interactions with others. We can work towards creating
a more just and equitable society where all voices are heard and respected.

Mhickaella Lee Eugerio

The different perspective on intersubjectivity by different philosophers have a unique insight for deeper
understanding on the complexities on human interaction that promotes a meaningful relationship. Gabriel Marcel
view on intersubjectivity suggestz that genuine connections arise when each person is open to the other, this helps
individuals to think of their impact to other. Martin Burber theory asserts that authentic human existence manifests
in genuine dialogue, where individuals engage each other as “You” rather than objects to be said. While Jürgen
Habermas theory focused on the concept of communicative action, emphasizing the role of dialogue is the way to
achieve mutual understanding, that helps in developing a sense of social interaction between human for a better
relationship. Emmanuel Levinas theory on ethical relationships are rooted in recognizing the uniqueness of each
individual this theory encourage individual to prioritize the needs of others that develops in social interactions.
Together, these theory helps to advocates the importance of empathy, dialogue, mutual understanding and ethical
responsibility in interpersonal interactions.

Tiffany May Macalalad

The ideas of philosophers like Marcel, Buber, Habermas, and Levinas give us an important view of our relationships
with others. Marcel helps us appreciate being real and present for others, which leads to deeper connections. Buber
promotes a human relationship based on respect, not just using others for benefit. Habermas shows us how
important good communication is to better understand each other. Lastly, Levinas teaches that our responsibility to
others is a moral duty because of their uniqueness, guiding us in treating them the right way.

Conclusion
In the end, the ideas of Gabriel Marcel, Martin Buber, Jürgen Habermas, and Emmanuel Levinas remind us
that strong relationships are built on understanding, respect, and clear communication. By being present
with one another, treating each other as equals, and recognizing our responsibility to care for others, we
can create deeper connections. These philosophers show us that valuing our interactions with others leads
to a more supportive and caring community. If we apply their teachings in our daily lives, we can foster
better relationships and improve our social interactions.

Introduction

Have you ever wondered why some conversations lead to friendships while others create
misunderstandings? How can we truly understand each other in a world full of different beliefs and
backgrounds? Jürgen Habermas, a famous philosopher, explores these questions with his theory of
communicative action. He shows that by focusing on clarity, honesty, and respect in our conversations, we
can build trust and strengthen our relationships, even with those who think differently from us.

Jürgen Habermas (Communicative Action )

Mutual understanding is an important telos of any conversation, whether it’s a simple dialogue or a heated
argument. Through effective communication, we can refine our thoughts, deepen our relationships, and
build trust with others. Jürgen Habermas, a well-known German sociologist and philosopher, emphasizes
this idea in his work on communicative rationality. He believes that clear and meaningful conversations are
essential for achieving this telos. In his book "What is Universal Pragmatics?", Habermas introduces four
key principles, or "validity claims," that must be present in conversations to reach mutual understanding:
comprehensibility, truth, truthfulness, and rightness.

The first idea is comprehensibility, which means both people should use words and phrases that they
understand, like using a common language. The second idea is truth, which means what we say should be
based on facts so the other person can follow along. The third idea is truthfulness; this means we should
be honest about what we really mean and what our intentions are, so others can trust us. Finally, the
fourth idea is rightness, which means we should speak in a kind and respectful way, using the right tone of
voice. By following these four ideas—comprehensibility, truth, truthfulness, and rightness—we can have
better conversations, solve problems, and build stronger connections with others, even if we think or act
differently from each other.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Jürgen Habermas’s principles of comprehensibility, truth, truthfulness, and rightness serve
as helpful tools for improving our conversations. By using these ideas, we can create mutual understanding
and form stronger relationships, even with those who have different views from us. In a world filled with
various opinions and backgrounds, focusing on clear and respectful communication can help us connect,
solve problems, and build a more supportive and friendly society. So, the next time you talk to someone,
remember Habermas's principles and see how they can make a difference!

Comparative Analysis
Philosopher Main Theory Explanation

Gabriel Existential His concept of intersubjectivity focuses on the importance of being

Marcel Phenomenology present and truly connecting with others, emphasizing genuine human
relationships.

Martin Buber I-Thou Relationship He is known for the "I-Thou" relationship, which is about having a genuine
connection with others, seeing them as equals, not as objects.

Jürgen Communicative Introduced the theory of communicative action, where clear and rational
Habermas Action communication helps people reach mutual understanding.
 Emmanuel Ethics of the Other His philosophy emphasizes the ethical responsibility we have to others
Levinas because of their unique humanity, prioritizing moral obligations over
personal interest.

Short Skit
Mansueto: Hi everyone! Who wants to volunteer to work together on the research and presentation for our project?

Gaffud: I can help with the research! I’ll dig into the topic and find some solid information for us to use.

Lequin: I’ll team up with Misty and look up all the info we need.

Macalalad: After we gather everything, I’ll handle the proofreading to catch any mistakes!

Lacson: Me, Allen, Mhicka, and Jed will volunteer to do the slide presentation.

Limpin: I’ll get some cool photos and videos for the presentation!

Lukban: Yes, we’ll make sure it’s engaging and clear!

Eugerio: And I’ll check everything to ensure it flows well when we put it all together!

Guevarra: I’ll take care of printing and anything else we need!

Navoa: I can help with the oral presentation.

Jadulco: I’ll support wherever needed during the presentation!

Mansueto: This sounds great, everyone! I'll assist everyone with each task, and I'll finalize everything, too. Let’s make
this project awesome! G?

All: G!!!

Explaination:
In group projects, teamwork is very important. Everyone has a role to play, and good communication helps the group
work well together. Jürgen Habermas, a philosopher, talks about how important talking and understanding each
other is for teamwork.

The dialogue among the group members shows the principles of communicative action by Jürgen Habermas. In this
conversation, each member takes part and says how they can help with the project. This open communication
creates a friendly space where everyone’s ideas are valued. By volunteering for different tasks—like research,
proofreading, and creating presentations—each person shows they want to work together as a team. This sharing of
jobs helps everyone understand their role, which is important for working toward the same goal. In the end, their
discussion shows that good communication is key to teamwork, helping the group get along and achieve their
common goal.

Overall, the group’s conversation highlights how talking and sharing responsibilities can lead to success. By following
Habermas’s ideas, they show that teamwork is about listening, understanding, and working together to make the
project great!