UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO AIR POLLUTANTS
• Classification of air pollutants
• Particulates and gaseous pollutants
• Sources of air pollution
• Source inventory
• Effects of air pollution on human beings, materials,
vegetation, animals
• global Warming
• ozone layer depletion, Sampling and Analysis.
Mr. S. Baskar B.E (Distn).,M.E (IWM).,Aff.ASCE.,LM(IPA).,LM(IGBC),.,(Ph.D).,
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
1. Introduction
1
Environmental pollution
2. Air pollution
Major air pollutants
Sources of air pollution
Effect of air pollution
3. Air pollution control
Source control
Controlling process and technology
Particulate matter pollutants
Gaseous pollutants
4. Conclusion
The earth is the only planet known in the universe capable of
supporting life.
The life supporting properties are The Atmosphere and
Hydrosphere .
Environment pollution and efforts for the betterment of living
standards are the two sides of the same coin.
⚫In the wake of industrialization, consequent urbanization and
ever increasing population, the basic amenities of life namely,
air, water and land are being polluted continuously.
Definition, types.
Atmosphere is a thin layer of gas which
surrounds the Earth.
Three major layers : Troposphere, Stratosphere,
Mesosphere.
99% of the volume of clean air is in
Troposphere, which extends 17km above MSL.
Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%) and 1%
Argon, CO2 and water vapour.
As per the definition of the World Health
Organization (WHO), air pollution is a
“situation in which the outdoor atmosphere
contains materials in concentrations which
are harmful to people or their
environment”.
COx
SOx
NOx
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Suspended particulate matter
Photochemical oxidants
Radioactive substances
Heat
1. Natural sources
Example: Volcanic eruption
releases poisonous gases.
2. Man-made sources
Example: Deforestation, burning
of fossil fuel, emission from vehicles,
smokes from industries.
Human health
Animals
Vegetation
Environment
Classification of air pollutants
Particulates and gaseous pollutants
This particulate matter may originate in this form
or can even be caused due to gaseous pollutants
reacting with elements and becoming particulate
matter.
The size and shape of the particulate matter play
a big role in how harmful they are to the
atmospheric pollution.
Particulates and gaseous pollutants
Particulates and gaseous pollutants
Particulates and gaseous pollutants
Particulates and gaseous pollutants
Sources of air pollution
Mobile sources – such as cars, buses, planes, trucks,
and trains.
Stationary sources – such as power plants, oil
refineries, industrial facilities, and factories.
Area sources – such as agricultural areas, cities, and
wood burning fireplaces.
Effects of air pollution on human beings, materials,
vegetation, animals
Long-term health effects from air pollution include heart
disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases such as
emphysema.
Air pollution can also cause long-term damage to
people's nerves, brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs.
Effects of air pollution on human beings, materials,
vegetation, animals
Effects of air pollution on human beings, materials,
vegetation, animals
Effects of air pollution on human beings, materials,
vegetation, animals
What are the effects of air pollution on humans and animals?
How air pollution harms food supply and quality. Many heavy metals, toxics,
persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and other air pollutants affect wildlife by
entering the food chain and damaging the supply and quality of food. Once
consumed, many of these pollutants collect and are stored within the animal's
tissues.
What are the effects of air pollution on materials and animals?
Damage to respiratory systems is the most common effect on animals, but
neurological problems and skin irritations are also common. Plants and crops
grow less when exposed to long-term air pollution.
GLOBAL WARMING
Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth's
surface observed since the pre-industrial period
(between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities,
primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-
trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth's atmosphere.
This term is not interchangeable with the term
"climate change."
GLOBAL WARMING
What are the 5 causes of global warming?
Causes of Climate Change
Generating power. Generating electricity and heat by burning
fossil fuels causes a large chunk of global emissions.
Manufacturing goods.
Cutting down forests.
Using transportation.
Producing food.
Powering buildings.
Consuming too much.
OZONE LAYER DEPLETION, SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
Ozone Depletion. When chlorine and bromine atoms come
into contact with ozone in the stratosphere, they destroy
ozone molecules.
One chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000 ozone
molecules before it is removed from the stratosphere.
Ozone can be destroyed more quickly than it is naturally
created.
OZONE LAYER DEPLETION, SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
OZONE LAYER DEPLETION, SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
Air pollution is a major environmental issue. It can
affect the health and life support systems as well. Since
clear air is an essential factor of life for respiration, it
is necessary to prevent the sources of air pollution.
Due to air pollution destructive phenomena like acid
rain, global warming etc.
Using appropriate controlling devices and processes,
the pollutants in the air can be removed.
There are five processes for the removal of particulate
matters. Settling chambers, Cyclone, Electrostatic
precipitators, Bag houses and filters and Scrubbers.
For gaseous matters, Absorption, adsorption and
combustion processes are used.
THANK YOU
