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DEPARTMENT PSYCHOLOGY

COURSE MATERIAL (Video Transcript)

First Term, AY 2020-2021

Course Code
Course Description Understanding the Self
Prerequisite
Credits 3 units
Mode of Delivery Flexible Learning
Week Number 9.2
Lesson/Topic The Sexual Self and Family Planning
Assessment Measures
Video Transcript
Slide 1
Good day everyone I am Kristyflor A. Fajarito and I welcome to this class .Today, we have a very
interesting topic to tackle- the aspect of the self that has a role to play in procreation and in
making our lives even more colorful and exciting.The Sexual Self and Family Planning.
Slide 2
For our objectives, it is expected that students, at the end of the lesson will be able to recognize
the sexual aspect of self; gain basic understanding about family planning methods ; and
appreciate the practice of responsible sexual behavior
Slide 3
What is Sexual Self?
Sexual self or sexual self-concept refers to the totality of oneself as a sexual being, including
positive and negative concepts and feelings (Brenner, 2019). According to Brenner, 2019, it is as
important as the other aspects of the self, which affects interpersonal relationships. It may be a
good indicator of the kinds of relationships one engages himself to, and how he tends to behave
within relationships, with an emphasis on sexual satisfaction. To understand this concept better,
let us get to know Sexuality.
Slide 4
Sexuality is one of the fundamental drives behind everyone’s feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
(Locas and Fox, 2019). Understanding one’s sexuality encompasses the ways a person expresses
personality in the areas of sexual attraction, intimacy, and physical sexual activity. It goes beyond
the physical sexual development, and highlights three important components -Sex, Gender, and
Sexual Orientation.
Slide 5
Sex is defined as being male or female, determined biologically upon fertilization. Gender, on the
other hand, is the psychological sense of being male or female under social, cultural, and/or
personal norms. For example, a person with male genitals acts and feels like a woman as dictated
by society’s concepts of femininity. In most cases, a person’s sex and gender are the same, but not
always (Lahey, 2007). Sexual orientation refers to the preference of a person for a romantic and
sexual relationship. Humans display sexuality in different behaviors. Often interesting yet
awkward topic for some, human sexual behaviors play a crucial role in intimate relationships.
Slide 6
Historically, sexuality as a theme dates back in earliest civilizations until it became a scientific
inquiry in the twentieth century in the works of Richard Von Krafft - Ebing (1840-1902) and Henry
Havelock Ellis ( 1859-1939). Richard Von Krafft-Ebing studied variations and deviations of human
Theories of Personality | Chapter 2 1
sexual behavior. His views of sexuality were mostly negative such as his belief about masturbation
causing all sexual deviations and problems which in the end were proven false. Henry Havelock
Ellis, an English physician, was the first to extensively study the role of social and cultural factors
of human sexual behavior and homosexuality. After the works of these European physicians,
Alfred C. Kinsey became a known figure in his researches about human sexual behaviors and
activities. Other studies followed thereafter.
Slide 7
Discussing human sexuality is fundamentally biological. In a human physical body, structures are
designed for specific functions. The reproductive system ensures survival and the preservation of
human species. However, the reproductive system is different from other body systems in that a
person has the choice not to use it to its full capacity—to procreate thus individuals can decide
not to reproduce (Encyclopedia.com, 2019).
Slide 8
In this context, the reproductive system has four functions: to produce hormones; to produce egg
and sperm cells; to nurture the developing offspring; to transport and sustain these cells.
Slide 9
These are the parts of the female reproductive system
Slide 10
The male reproductive system.
Slide 11
Earlier, we mentioned about the reproductive system and its role in procreation. One concept
that we need to understand is Fertility. Fertility refers to the capability to produce off springs.
Slide 12
Among females, fertility means the possibility of getting pregnant when a sperm fertilizes a
mature ovum during sexual intercourse. The female fertility begins in puberty (age 9-12) during
menarche and ends upon menopause. On the other hand, during puberty, a man is said to be
fertile through “wet dreams”. This signifies his capacity to fertilize a woman’s mature egg during
sexual intercourse.
Slide 13
Now let us get to know some facts about human fertility. It is interesting to note that a man
remains fertile through a lifetime. The sperm can live inside the woman’s body from 3 to 5 days.
An egg may be fertilized for up to 24 hours (one day) after it is released. If pregnancy does not
take place, menstruation will occur in about two weeks after the egg leaves the ovary. Awareness
of these facts gives us an idea about the when a female person gets pregnant when engaging in
sexual intercourse with a male person.
Slide 14
However, understanding human sexuality goes beyond the basic functions of the reproductive
system in as far as human sexual behavior is concern. Human sexual behavior refers to a broad
range of behaviors in which humans display their sexuality. These behavioral expressions contain
both biological elements and cultural influences and involve sexual arousal with its physiological
changes, both pronounced and subtle. There are basically two types of sexual behavior: solitary
and sociosexual behavior. Solitary behavior is a practice of self-stimulation until sexual arousal to
sexual climax is met. It is a self-gratification act that starts in puberty and is common among males
and unmarried. Sociosexual activity involves two or more persons heterosexually or
homosexually. In the expression of sexuality, it is important to consider culture, gender, and
genetic inheritance factors as determinants or influences.

Slide 15
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 Interestingly, sexual arousal can be physically elicited through areas of the body known as
Erogenous Zones. Erogenous zones are parts of the human body that are sensitive to any kind of
physical touch, not just sexually as these zones have a rich array of nerve receptors. However,
depending on the interpretation not all causes sexual arousal - only those that are done in a
sexual manner. Fantasies, thoughts, and images may also lead to sexual arousal. Among the
known erogenous zones are the mouth, anus, genitals, breasts, neck, and ears. However, it is
important to remember that there are individual differences in terms of attaining pleasure during
stimulation of these areas.

Slide 16
Sexual arousal progresses to experiences of the phases of sexual response. The research of
Masters and Johnsons came up with these phases of sexual response or what happens when
people become sexually excited. Although there are differences in terms of human sexual
responsiveness, the following are the common and basic patterns of sexual experience.
1. Excitement phase. Both men and women experience initial symptoms of physiologi-
cal arousal such as an increase in temperature, erected nipples, increase in blood
pressure, penis and vaginal erection, lubrication, and other ways of preparing the
body for sexual intercourse.
2. Plateau phase. This is characterized by maximum arousal which is sustained briefly
towards orgasm
3. Orgasm. Under proper psychological conditions and sufficient stimulation, this is the
peak of sexual excitement when intense pleasure is experienced for a few seconds.
4. Resolution phase. After orgasm, the body slowly returns to its normal state. Men
may experience a refractory period making them insensitive to further stimulation.

Knowing about these phases can help us understand the process of sexual experience however
we have several precautions to remember as for adolescents engaging in sexual activities . There
are risks and consequences that include Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
Slide 17

Engaging in unprotected sexual act that involves the exchange of body fluids puts a person at risk
of getting a sexually transmitted disease. The term sexually transmitted disease (STD), formerly
called venereal diseases, refers to conditions caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses,
or parasites spread through sexual contact and other means such as sharing needles and
breastfeeding. All STDs must be promptly attended as they may lead to other serious health
conditions, even death. Lets get to know some of the STDs.

Slide 18

Syphilis : This is caused by a bacterium spirochete called Treponema pallidum and is characterized
by one or more ulcerative lesions (e.g., chancre) which occurs in stages. Primary and secondary
syphilis can be treated with antibiotics; however, if left untreated may progress to the tertiary
stage with serious complications involving major body organs.

Chancroid: This is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Haemophilus ducreyi. Symptoms

include painful genital ulceration and inflammatory or enlargement of lymph nodes. Contagious
but curable.
Chlamydia trachomatis Infection : Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis may show no symptoms
until after a long time. Men often experience a burning sensation during urination and pus coming
out from the penis. Women may be asymptomatic; however, they may have burning and itching
of the vagina in some.
Understanding the Self | Week 9.2
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Slide 19

Genital Warts: This is an infection caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) characterized by the
presence of visible, small, hard growths or bumps on the internal or external genitalia or anal
area. This infection may not be dangerous but are associated with cervical cancer.

Genital Herpes: This is among the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases characterized by
small, painful lesions in the genital area caused by the herpes simplex virus.

Gonorrhea:This is a bacterial infection commonly manifested by the discharge of pus from the
penis, painful urination, yellow-green vaginal discharge in its early stages.
Slide 20
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS):According to the Department of Health, Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome is the appearance of clinical manifestation of the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection). In this state, the person is prone to infections of unlimited
extents and possibilities. Infections may have different presentation and severity. This can be
transmitted through blood, semen, breast milk, and vaginal fluids.
Slide 21
Now let’s us learn some facts about STDs. Did you know that:
 Unprotected sexual intercourse may have contributed to the reported that 62 out of 100
reported cases of STIs and 29 out of 100 cases of HIV involved young people (DOH, 2010).

 From January to March 2020, there were 2,818 newly confirmed HIV-positive individuals
reported to the HIV/ AIDS & ART Registry of the Philippines (HARP)

 Ninety-four percent (2,658) of the newly diagnosed were male. The median age was 28
years old (age range: 1-78 years old). Almost half of the cases (48%, 1,359) were 25-34
years old and 30% (834) were 15-24 years old at the time of diagnosis.
Slide 22
For the young people like you, physical and psychological risks accompany the developmental
changes you experience being in this transition period. In the Philippines, issues such as
unplanned pregnancies, abortion, and sexually transmitted infections including HIVs confront the
Filipino Adolescents. In 2013 National Demographic Health Survey, it was reported that in the
Philippines, 27% of young women ages 15-24 have begun childbearing. Early pregnancy may pose
several concerns such as health problems, reduced employment, and educational opportunities,
and even the effects of lack of emotional maturity in childbearing and rearing. In addition, an
estimated 1,000 maternal deaths were attributed to abortion complications in 2008 (Husain and
Finer, 2013). Thirty-three percent (33%) of the estimated 400,000 cases of abortions in the
Philippines per year are contributed by teens (DOH, 2010). Moreover, unprotected sexual
intercourse may have contributed to the reported that 62 out of 100 reported cases of STIs and
29 out of 100 cases of HIV involved young people (DOH, 2010). Hence, responsible sexual
behavior is essential among young people.
Slide 23
Although, all contraceptives are safe for the use of young people, it is still best to practice
ABSTINENCE until they reach the proper age to start a family (DOH Handbook, 2010). Engaging in
sexual intercourse is essential to the survival of the human species, but always remember that it is
not essential to the survival of any specific person (Hockenbury, 2011). While it is a safe practice
to use the different family planning methods, it is worthy to emphasize that sexual intercourse is
ideally and psychologically healthy for couples to do within the bounds of marriage. Across
cultures, marriage represents the most socially accepted, legitimate context for sexual intercourse
(Encyclopedia.com, 2019).
Understanding the Self | Week 9.2
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Slide 24
Generally,there are two types of contraception, the Natural and Artificial Methods of
Contraception
Slide 26
For the natural methods, we have
1. First the FERTILITY AWARENESS-BASED METHODS. This involves the determination of
the fertile and infertile periods of a woman within the menstrual cycle. The effective-
ness of all FAB Methods is above 95% effective if properly used or executed. Among
the methods are:
a. Cervical Mucus/Billings Ovulation Method
b. Basal Body Temperature (BBT.
c. Sympto-Thermal Method (STM)
d. Standard Days Method (SDM)
2. Then the LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA METHOD (LAM). During breastfeeding, when
the infant sucks the nipple, nerve impulses are sent to the mother’s hypothalamus,
which responds by changing the production of the pituitary hormones.

Slide 25
The Artificial Methods include:
1. HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS. (the use of pills) . It prevents ovulation by
suppressing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Cervical
mucus thickened, making it difficult for sperm to pass through.
2. MALE CONDOM.A barrier method that mechanically or chemically prevent fertilization
or the union of the egg and sperm cell. It is the only method in the Philippines that also
protects the person form sexually-transmitted infections (STIs).
3. LONG-ACTING AND PERMANENT METHODS
a. Copper-bearing IUDs
b. Bilateral tubal ligation (BTL)

These methods are instructed and prescribed by the medical health professionals for safety. Thus,
must be used upon consultation with the health practitioners.

Slide 26
So that ends our discussion for today. Let me leave you with the quotes “Creating a foundation of
healthy sexual thoughts, feelings and beliefs is vital to accepting one’s identity and embracing
one’s sexuality” and “We are made wise not by the recollection of our past but by the
responsibility for our future”
So that’s all for now. I thank you for listening and see you in the next UTS class. Goodbye and stay
safe.
Slide 27-29
(Reference)

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