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II PUC – PHYSICS – CHAPTERWISE QUESTIONS – P. U. BOARD EXAMINATION

MARCH 2014 – APRIL 2024

Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields

Charge and its properties

Q. Name the SI unit of charge? [Mar 14]
Q. Physical quantity measured in terms of “Coulomb” is [Mar 23]
(A) electric charge (B) electric current (C) electric flux (D) electric field
Q. Name the apparatus used to detect electric charge on a body. [May 22]
Q. The substances which allow electricity to pass through them easily are called [Aug 23]
(A) Conductors (B) Insulators (C) Semiconductors (D) None of these
Q. Gold leaf electroscope is an apparatus used to detect charge on a body. [Aug 23]
Q. Mention any three properties of charges. [Jul 14, Mar 18, Mar 19, Sep 21, Apr 24]
Q. How many electrons must be removed from a body to get a charge on the body +1C? [Apr 24]
(A) 6.25 x 1012 (B) 6.25 x 1018(C) 1.6 x 1018 (D) 1.6 x 1012

Electrification
Q. Mention one method of charging a body. [Mar 18, Aug 22]

Coulomb’s inverse square law

Q. State and explain Coulomb’s inverse square law.
[Mar 14, Jun 15, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, Mar 20, May 23]
Q. Write the expression for electrostatic force (Coulomb’s law) in vector form and explain the terms.
[Mar 15]
Q. Define coulomb (or unit charge) or define SI unit of charge [Mar 15]
Q. How does the electrostatic force between two point charges change when a dielectric is introduced in
between them? [Jun 17, Aug 22]
Q. The electrostatic force between two charges is maximum in vacuum [May 23]

Electric field due to a point charge

Q. Name the SI unit of electric field? [Jul 16]
Q. The Sl unit of electric field is [May 23]
(A) NC (B) NC-2 (C) NC-1 (D) Vm

Electric dipole
Q. What is an electric dipole? [Mar 16, Mar 19]
Q. A pair of equal and opposite point charges q and -q separated by a distance 2a is an electric dipole.
[Mar 23]
Q. Define ‘electric dipole moment’. [May 22]
Q. Derive the expression for electric field at a point on the axis of an electric dipole.
[Mar 16, Jun 17, Mar 18]
Q. Derive the expression for electric field at a point on the equatorial line (or perpendicular bisector) of an
electric dipole. [Mar 15, Jun 19, Sep 20, Aug 23]
Q. The electric dipole placed in uniform electric field is in unstable equilibrium, if the angle between
electric field and dipole moment is [Mar 24]
(A) 0 (B) 60 (C) 90 (D) 180

Electric field lines/Electric flux

Q. What is an electric field line? [May 22]
Q. Mention any four properties of electric field lines.
[Jun 15, Mar 16, Mar 17, Jul 18, Jun 19, Sep 20, May 22, Mar 23, Aug 23, Mar 24]
Q. Draw electric lines of force of point charge Q when (i) Q > 0 (ii) Q < 0 [Jul 16, Mar 19]

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Q. Write the SI unit of electric flux. [Mar 20]

Gauss’ law and its applications

Q. State and explain Gauss’s Law.
[Mar 14, Jun 15, Mar 17, Jun 17, Mar 19, Aug 22, Mar 23, Mar 24, Apr 24]
Q. Derive the expression for electric field at any point due to a charged spherical shell or spherical
conductor using Gauss’ theorem. [Mar 14, Jul 14, Mar 17, Jul 18, Mar 19]
Q. What is the electric field inside a charged spherical shell? [Sep 20]
Q. Derive the expression for electric field at a point due to an infinitely long straight uniformly charged
thin wire using Gauss’ theorem. [Jun 15, Jul 16, Aug 22, Mar 23, May 23]

Problems
1. Two small charged spheres having charges 2 x 10-7C and 3 x 10-7C are placed 3 cm apart in vacuum.
Find the electrostatic force between them. Find the new force, when the distance between them is
doubled. [May 22]
2. The electrostatic force on a small sphere of charge 0.4C due to another small sphere of charge -0.8C
in air separated by a distance d is 0.2 N.
(A) Find the distance d between two spheres.
(B) What is the nature and magnitude of the force on second sphere due to first.? [Apr 24]
3. Two point charges +15 C and −10 C are separated by a distance of 20cm in air. Calculate the
electric field at the midpoint of line joining two charges. If a point charge of 20mC is placed at that
mid-point, what is the magnitude of electric force experienced by it? [Mar 24]
4. Two point charges qA = 3 C and qB = −3 C are located 20 cm apart in vacuum.
(a) What is the electric field at the midpoint O of the line AB joining the two charges?
(b) If a negative test charge of magnitude 1.5 nC is placed at this point, what is the force experienced
by the test charge? [Mar 17, Mar 20, Aug 22]
5. An electric dipole contains two charges 10C and −10C separated by 5mm apart. What is the electric
dipole moment? Calculate the electric field at a point P, 1m away from the centre of the dipole when P
is on the (a) axial line (b) equatorial line. [Sep 21]
6. Two point charges 3nC and -3nC are placed at two corners A and B of an equilateral triangle of side
0.1m. Find the resultant electric field at C. [Mar 17]
7. Three charges each equal to +4nC are placed at the three corners of a square of side 2cm. Find the
electric field at the fourth corner. [Mar 18]

Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential
Q. Define electric potential at a point in an electric field. [Mar 17, Mar 18]
Q. Derive the relation between electric field and electric potential due to a point charge.
[Jul 14, Jun 15, Mar 17, Jun 17, Mar 20, Sep 20, Aug 22, Mar 24, Apr 24]

Electric potential due to a point charge

Q. Derive the expression for electric potential at a point due to a point charge. [Mar 18, Sep 21, Apr 24]

Electric potential energy due to system of charges/dipole

Q. Derive the expression for potential energy of system of two charges in the absence of external electric
field. [Mar 14, Jul 16]
Q. Derive the expression for potential energy of system of two charges in an external electric field.
[Mar 19]
Q. Derive the expression for the electric potential energy of an electric dipole placed in a uniform electric
field. [Mar 19]
Q. The electric potential due to an electric dipole falls off, at large distances (along axis) as [May 23]
(A) r-2 (B) r0 (C) r-1 (D) r-3

Equipotential surface
Q. What is an equipotential surface? [Mar 18]

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Q. Draw equipotential surface for (a) positive point charge (b) a uniform electric field. [Aug 22]
Q. The electric field inside the cavity of a charged conductor is zero, this is known as [Mar 23]
(A) charging (B) grounding ,
(C) electrostatic shielding (D) electrostatic induction
Q. Mention any two properties of equipotential surfaces. [May 23, Aug 23]

Dielectric polarization
Q. What are polar and non-polar molecules? [Mar 24]
Q. Write any two differences between polar and non-polar molecules [Sep 21, May 22]
Q. An example for polar molecule is [Mar 23]
(A) oxygen molecule (B) nitrogen molecule
(C) water molecule (D) hydrogen molecule
Q. Water molecule is a polar molecule because [Apr 24]
(A) the centres of positive charge and negative charges coincide
(B) the centres of positive charge and negative charges do not coincide
(C) it does not have permanent dipole moment
(D) in an external electric field, it does not induce charges
Q. The maximum electric field that a dielectric medium can withstand without breakdown is called
[Aug 23]
(A) permittivity (B) dielectric constant
(C) electric susceptibility (D) dielectric strength

Capacity of a capacitor
Q. What is a capacitor? [Jul 14, Mar 18]
Q. Write the SI unit of capacitance [Sep 21]
Q. Which of the following is the S.I. Unit of capacitance? [Aug 23]
(A) coulomb (C) (B) farad (F) (C) volt (V) (D) tesla (T)

Capacity of parallel plate capacitor

Q. Derive the expression for capacity of a parallel plate capacitor with air as medium. [Mar 15, Mar 24]
Q. On what factor does the capacitance of parallel plate capacitors depends?
[Mar 17, Mar 18, May 22, Mar 23]
Q. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is independent of [May 23]
(A) area of plates
(B) distances between the plates
(C) dielectric medium present between the plates
(D) potential difference between the plates
Q. Define dielectric constant in terms of capacity of parallel plate capacitor. [Sep 20]
Q. A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance C. What will be the capacitance
if (a) the distance between the plates is doubled?
(b) the space between the plates is filled with a substance of dielectric constant 5? [Mar 20]

Combination of Capacitors
Q. Derive the expression for the equivalent capacitance of two capacitors connected in series.
[Jul 18, Jun 19, Sep 21]
Q. Derive the expression for the equivalent capacitance of two capacitors connected in parallel. [Mar 17]
Q. Two capacitors 3F and 6F are connected in series. Find the equivalent capacitance of the
combination. [Apr 24]

Energy stored in a capacitor

Q. A capacitor of capacitance 2F is charged to a potential of 10V. Calculate the energy stored in it.
[Mar 17]
−6
Q. The capacitance of a capacitor is 6 10 farad. It is connected to 200 V cell. The energy released on
discharging it fully, will be [Mar 24]
(A) 0.12J (B) 0.24J (C) 0.6J (D) 12J

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Problems
1. Two charges 30nC and -20nC are located 15 cm apart. At what points on the line joining the two
charges is the electric potential zero? Take the potential at infinity to be zero. [Jul 14, Mar 17]
2. Two point charges 5 10−8 C and −3 10−8 C are located 10cm apart. Find the point between the two
charges where potential is zero. [Mar 24]
3. Two point charges +1 nC and −4 nC are 1m apart in air. Find the positions along the line joining the
two charges at which resultant potential is zero. [Mar 15]
4. Charges 2C, 4C and 6C are placed at the three corners A, B and C of a square ABCD of side x
metre. Find what charge must be placed at the fourth corner so that net potential at the centre of the
square becomes zero. [Jul 16, Mar 23]
5. ABCD is a square of side 2m. Point charges of 5nC, 10nC and -5nC are placed at corners A, B, C
respectively. Calculate the work done in transferring a charge of 5C from D to the point of
intersection of diagonals. [Jun 15]
6. ABCD is a square of side 4cm. Point charges of +2nC, -2nC and +3nC are placed at corners A, B, C
respectively. Calculate the work done in transferring a charge of +4nC from D to the centre of the
square. [Mar 18]
7. ABCD is a square of side 1m. Point charges of +3nC, -5nC and +3nC are placed at corners A, B, C
respectively. Calculate the work done in transferring a charge of 12C from D to the centre of the
square. [Jun 19]
8. A charge of 8 mC is located at the origin. Calculate the work done in taking a small charge of -2 x 10-
8
C from a point A(3cm, 0, 0) to a point B(0, 4cm, 0) via a point C(3cm, 4cm, 0). [May 22]
9. In a parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates, each plate has an area of 8 × 10−3 m2 and the
distance between the plates is 2 mm. Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor. If this capacitor is
connected to a 50 V supply, what is the charge on each plate of the capacitor? (Absolute permittivity of
free space = 8.854  10-12 Fm-1) [Mar 14, Jun 17, Sep 20, Aug 22]
10. In a circular parallel plate capacitor, radius of each plate is 5 cm and they are separated by a distance of
2 mm. Calculate the capacitance and the energy stored, when it is charged by connecting the battery of
200 V. (o = 8.854  10-12 Fm-1) [Mar 19]
11. Two capacitors of capacitances 3F and 7F are connected in series and the combination is connected
to a source of emf 10V. Calculate the effective capacitance of the combination. Also find the potential
difference across each capacitor. [May 23]
12. Three capacitors of capacitances 2pF, 3pF and 4pF are connected in parallel.
(a) What is the total capacitance of the combination?
(b) Determine the charge on each capacitor if the combination is connected to a 100V supply.
[Aug 23]
13. Energy stored in a system consisting of two capacitors in series and connected across 4kV line is 8J.
When the same two capacitors are in parallel across the same line, energy stored is 36J. Find the
capacitance of the capacitors. [Mar 16]
14. The plates of a parallel plate capacitor have an area of 100 cm2 each and are separated by 3 mm. The
capacitor is charged by connecting it to a 400V supply. Calculate (a) the energy stored in the capacitor
(b) if a dielectric constant 2.5 is introduced between the plates of the capacitor, then find the energy
stored and also change in the energy stored. [Jul 18]
15. A 4 F capacitor is charged by a 200 V supply. It is then disconnected from the supply, and is
connected to another uncharged 2F capacitor in parallel. How much electrostatic energy of the first
capacitor is lost? [Mar 19]

Chapter 3: Electric Current

Drift velocity
Q. What is drift velocity? [Jul 14, Mar 18, Mar 19, Sep 20]
Q. Derive the expression for drift velocity in terms of relaxation time. [Mar 16, Jul 16, Sep 21, May 22]
Q. Write the expression for drift velocity of electrons and explain the terms. [Mar 19]
Q. Write the expression for drift velocity in terms of current and explain the terms. [Mar 19, Aug 22]

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Mobility and relaxation time

Q. Define mobility. [Mar 14, Mar 17, Jun 17, Mar 18, Sep 20, Sep 21]
Q. The magnitude of the drift velocity per unit electric field is [Mar 23]
(A) mobility (B) drift velocity (C) relaxation time (D) resistivity
Q. Mention SI unit of mobility. [Jun 17, Aug 22]
Q. Define relaxation time. [Mar 18]

Current density
Q. Name the SI unit of current density? [Mar 17]
Q. The current density is a [Mar 24]
(A) scalar and its SI unit is Am 2 (B) vector and its SI unit is A / m3
(C) vector and its SI unit is A / m2 (D) scalar and its SI unit is A / m

Ohm’s law
Q. State and explain Ohm’s law. [Mar 17, Jul 18, Sep 21, May 22, Aug 22]
Q. Mention the limitations of Ohm’s law.
[Jul 14, Mar 15, Jun 15, Jun 19, Mar 20, Sep 21, Aug 23, Mar 24]
Q. What is ohmic device? Give an example. [Jun 17]

Variation of resistance with dimension

Q. On What factors does the resistance of a conductor depend? [Mar 18]
Q. How does the resistance of a conductor vary with its length? [Jun 19]
Q. The resistance R of a metallic conductor is inversely proportional to [Apr 24]
(A) length of the conductor
(B) area of cross section of the conductor
(C) both length and area of cross section of the conductor
(D) temperature of the conductor
Q. Define electrical resistivity of material of a conductor. [Mar 19]
→ →
Q. Derive the relation J =  E (Equivalent form of Ohm’s law). [Jun 17, May 23]
Q. Derive the expression for electrical conductivity of a material in terms of relaxation time.
[Jun 15, Jul 18, Mar 20, Mar 23]
Q. Why manganin and constantan are used in making standard resistors? [Mar 19]

Variation of resistance with temperature

Q. As the temperature of a conductor increases, then its resistance [Aug 23]
(A) increases (B) decreases
(C) remains constant (D) both (A) and (B) are correct
Q. Represent graphically the variation of resistivity of i) copper ii) nichrome with absolute temperature.
[Jul 18, Sep 20, May 22]
Q. Graphically represent the variation of resistivity of a semiconductor with absolute temperature.
[Mar 20]

Combination of cells
Q. Define emf and internal resistance of a cell. [Sep 21]
Q. Derive the expression for equivalent emf and equivalent internal resistance when two cells are
connected in series. [Mar 17, Sep 20, Aug 23, Mar 24]
Q. Derive the expression for equivalent emf and equivalent internal resistance when two cells are
connected in parallel. [Mar 18, Mar 19, May 23, Apr 24]

Kirchhoff’s laws
Q. State Kirchhoff’s junction rule. [Jun 17, Mar 18]
Q. State Kirchhoff’s II law or voltage law or loop rule. [Mar 18]
Q. State and explain Kirchhoff’s rules of electric network. [Apr 24]

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Wheatstone’s network
Q. Obtain the expression for balanced condition of the Whetstone’s network.
[Jul 14, Mar 16, Jul 16, Mar 17, Mar 18, Jun 19, May 22, Aug 22]
Q. What is the condition for the balanced state of Wheatstone’s network? [Jun 15]
Q. Draw Wheatstone’s bridge circuit and write the condition for its balance. [Mar 14, Mar 17, Mar 23]

Problems
1. Calculate the current density and average drift speed of free electrons in a copper wire of cross
sectional area 10-7 m2 carrying a current of 1.5 A. Given free electron density of copper is 8  1028
electrons/m3, e = 1.6  10-19 C. [Mar 17, Aug 23, Apr 24]
2. 100 mg mass of nichrome metal is drawn into a wire of area of cross section 0.05 mm 2. Calculate the
resistance of this wire. Given density of nichrome is 8.4  103 kgm-3 and resistivity of the material as
1.2m. [Mar 18]
3. A wire of length 2m, diameter 1mm and resistivity 1.963 × 10-8 m is connected in series with a
battery of emf 3V and internal resistance 1. Calculate the resistance of the wire and the current in the
circuit. [Jul 16]
4. Two identical cells either in series or in parallel combination, gives the same current of 0.5A through
external resistance of 4. Find the emf and internal resistance of each cell. [Jun 15]
5. Two cells of emf 2V and 4V and internal resistance 1  and 2 respectively are connected in parallel
so as to send the current in the same direction through an external resistance of 10 . Find the potential
difference across 10  resistor. [Mar 15, Aug 22]
6. A storage battery of emf 8.0 V and internal resistance 0.5 is being charged by a 120 V dc supply
using a series resistor of 15.5 . What is the terminal voltage of the battery during charging? What is
the purpose of having a series resistor in the charging circuit? [Mar 19]
7. In the following circuit, find the current I. [May 22]

8. In the given circuit, calculate the

current through the galvanometer
[Jun 20]

9. In the given circuit, calculate the current through the

galvanometer. [Sep 21]

10. In the given circuit, calculate the

current through the galvanometer
[May 23]

11.

In the given Wheatstone’s network, calculate the value of electric

current flowing through the galvanometer. [Mar 24]

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Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Biot-Savart’s law

Q. State and explain Laplace’s law (Biot- Savart’s Law) and write its mathematical expression in vector
form. [Mar 17]
Q. SI unit of magnetic field [Apr 24]
(A) gauss (B) Nm-1 (C) tesla (D) Nm

Magnetic field due to current loop

Q. Using Biot-Savart’s law, derive the expression for the magnetic field at a point along the axis of a
current loop (circular coil).
[Mar 14, Mar 15, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, Sep 21, Aug 23, Mar 24, Apr 24]

Ampere circuital law

Q. State and explain Ampere’s circuital Law.
[Jul 14, Mar 15, Jun 15, Mar 18, Jun 19, Sep 20, Sep 21, Mar 23, Aug 23]
Q. Derive the expression for magnetic field at a point due to a long straight conductor using Ampere’s
circuital law. [Jun 15, Mar 17, Mar 18, Sep 21]
Q. Mention the expression for the magnetic field at a point inside a solenoid carrying current and explain
the terms. [Jun 19]
Q. A current I flows along the length of an infinitely long, straight thin walled pipe, then the magnetic
field [Mar 24]
(A) at all points inside the pipe is same but not zero
(B) at any point inside the pipe is zero
(C) is zero only on the axis of the pipe
(D) is different at different points inside the pipe

Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field

Q. Mention the expression for force experienced by a charged particle moving in uniform magnetic field
and explain the terms [Jul 14, Mar 19, May 23]
Q. When is the force experienced by a charged particle moving in a magnetic field (i) minimum (ii)
maximum? [Jul 14, Jul 16, Jun 19, Mar 24, Apr 24]
Q. A charged particle enters a magnetic field in the direction of it. What is the nature of the path traced by
it? [Jun 15, Aug 22]
Q. A charged particle is moving parallel to a uniform magnetic field. What is the magnitude of the force
on it? [Sep 21]
Q. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force on a charged particle moving anti-parallel to a uniform
magnetic field? [May 22]

Lorent’z force
Q. What is Lorent’z force? [Jun 17]

Mechanical force on a conductor in a magnetic field

Q. Write the expression for mechanical force acting on a current carrying straight conductor in a uniform
magnetic field. [Jul 18]
Q. When is the force experienced by a straight current carrying conductor in a magnetic field (i) minimum
(ii) maximum? [Sep 20]
Q. Two parallel long straight conductors carrying currents in the same direction attract each other.
[Apr 24]

Force between two straight conductors

Q. Derive the expression for force between two parallel current carrying conductors. Hence define
ampere. [Jun 15, Mar 16, Jul 16, Jun 17, Jul 18, Mar 20, Aug 22, Mar 23]

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Q. Write the expression for force between two long parallel current carrying conductors. Hence define
ampere. [Mar 19]
Q. What is the nature of the force between two long straight parallel conductors when they carry currents
in the (i) same direction? (ii) opposite direction? [Mar 14, Jul 14, Mar 18]

Torque acting on a current loop

Q. With the help of a diagram, derive the expression for the torque on a rectangular loop placed in a
uniform magnetic field. [May 22]
Q. The torque on a rectangular current loop in a uniform magnetic field increases by ______________ the
area of the loop. (increasing) [Mar 24]

Pointer galvanometer
Q. Define current sensitivity of a galvanometer. [Jul 18]
Q. Write the two reasons to show that, ‘the galvanometer as such cannot be used as an ammeter’.
[May 22]
Q. Mention the method of converting a galvanometer into (i) an ammeter (ii) a voltmeter.
[Sep 21, May 22]
Q. Explain with a circuit diagram how a galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter.
[Mar 15, Mar 18, Mar 19, Jun 19, Sep 20, Mar 23, May 23]
Q. To convert a galvanometer to an ammeter one should connect [Aug 23]
(A) high resistance in series with galvanometer
(B) low resistance in series with galvanometer
(C) low resistance in parallel with galvanometer
(D) high resistance in parallel with galvanometer
Q. Explain with a circuit diagram how a galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter.
[Mar 17, Jun 17, Aug 22, Aug 23, Mar 24, Apr 24]

Problems
1. A wire of length 0.26 m is bent to form a circular loop. If 2A of current is flowing through this loop,
calculate the magnetic field due to this loop at a point P, which is at a distance of 0.15m from its centre
on its axis. [Mar 18]
2. A circular copper coil of mean radius 6.284 cm has 20 turns. If a current of 2 A is passed through this
coil, find the magnitude of the magnetic field at its centre. Also find the magnetic dipole moment of
this current coil. [May 22]
3. A galvanometer having coil of resistance 12 gives full scale deflection for a current of 4 mA. How
can it be converted into a voltmeter of range 0-24V? [Jul 16]
4. A 100 turn closely wound circular coil of radius 10 cm carries a current of 3.2A. (a) What is the
magnetic field at the centre of the coil? (b) What is the magnetic moment of this coil. [Aug 22]

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Magnetic field lines
Q. Mention the properties of magnetic field lines. [Jul 14, Mar 15, Mar 17, Mar 19, May 23, Apr 24]
Q. Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines for a bar magnet. [Mar 14]

Magnetic dipole
Q. State and explain Gauss law of magnetism.
[Jul 16, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, Jun 19, Sep 21, May 23]
Q. The net magnetic flux through any closed surface is zero is in accordance with [Mar 23]
(A) Gauss's law in magnetism (B) Gauss's law in electrostatics
(C) Ampere’s circuital law (D) Biot-Savart's law
Q. Write the expression for magnetic potential energy of a dipole in a uniform magnetic field and explain
the terms [Mar 18]

Magnetisation
Q. Define magnetic intensity. [Aug 23]
Q. Define magnetisation. [Mar 16, Mar 17, Aug 23, Mar 24]

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Q. Name the SI unit of magnetisation? [Jun 15, Mar 17]

Q. The net magnetic moment per unit volume of a substance is [Apr 24]
(A) magnetization (B) magnetic permeability
(C) magnetic susceptibility (D) magnetic flux
Q. Define magnetic susceptibility. [Mar 14, Mar 19, Aug 23, Mar 24]
Q. Write the relation between relative permeability and magnetic susceptibility [Mar 19]

Magnetic materials
Q. The phenomenon of perfect diamagnetism in superconductors is called the Meissner effect [Aug 23]
Q. For which type of material magnetic susceptibility is low and positive? [Mar 14]
Q. The universal property among all substances is [Mar 24]
(A) Diamagnetism (B) Paramagnetism
(C) Ferromagnetism (D) Non-magnetism
Q. Mention three properties of paramagnetic materials. [Mar 24]
Q. Mention the properties of ferromagnetic materials. Give an example.
[Jul 14, Mar 16, Mar 17, May 22]
Q. Mention three distinguishing properties of diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials.
[Mar 15, Mar 17, Jun 17, Jul 18]
Q. Distinguish between diamagnetic and ferromagnetic materials on the basis of relative permeability and
susceptibility. [Jun 15]
Q. The magnetic Susceptibility of a diamagnetic material is [May 23]
(A) small and positive (B) small and negative
(C) large and positive (D) large and negative
Q. Mention three distinguishing properties of diamagnetic and ferromagnetic materials. [Jun 19, Apr 24]
Q. Mention three distinguishing properties of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials.
[Jul 16, Mar 19]
Q. Mention three properties of diamagnetic materials. [Mar 20]
Q. Mention three properties of ferromagnetic materials. [Mar 17]

Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction
Q. Name the phenomenon in which electric current is generated by varying magnetic fields. [Sep 21]
Q. The phenomenon in which an emf is induced in a coil whenever the magnetic flux linked with it
changes is known as [Aug 23]
(A) magnetic effect of an electric current (B) mechanical effect of an electric current
(C) electromagnetic induction (D) photoelectric effect
Q. A bar magnet is kept along the axis of a circular coil. If the magnet is rotated about its axis, then
[Mar 24]
(A) a current will be induced in the coil
(B) no current will be induced in the coil
(C) an emf and current both will be induced in the coil
(D) only an emf will be induced in the coil
Q. Explain briefly the coil-magnet experiment to demonstrate the phenomenon of electromagnetic
induction. [Mar 16, Jul 18, Sep 20]
Q. State and explain the law of electromagnetic induction or Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
[Jul 14, Mar 16, Mar 17, Mar 18]
Q. “The magnitude of the induced emf in a circuit is equal to the time rate of change of magnetic flux
through the circuit”. This is the statement of [May 23, Apr 24]
(A) Lenz's law
(B) Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction
(C) Ampere’s circuital law
(D) Gauss’ law of magnetism

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Lenz’ law
Q. State and explain Lenz's law. [Mar 14, Mar 17, Jul 18]
Q. What is the significance of Lenz's law? [Mar 15, Jul 16, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 20, May 22]
Q. Lenz's law is the consequence of law of conservation of [Aug 23]
(A) mass (B) energy (C) charge (D) momentum
Q. Lenz’s law is the consequence of law of conservation of energy. Explain. [Mar 24]
Q. Lenz’s law gives polarity of induced emf. [Apr 24]

Motional emf
Q. What is motional emf? [Jun 17, Mar 19, Aug 22]
Q. Derive the expression for motional EMF induced in a conductor moving in a uniform magnetic field.
[Jul 14, Mar 15, Jul 16, Mar 17, Mar 23, May 23]
Q. Mention the expression for motional EMF induced in a conductor moving in a uniform magnetic field
and explain the terms. [Apr 24]

Self induction
Q. What is self induction? [Jun 15]
Q. Define self-inductance of a coil. [Jul 16]
Q. Statement 1: Inductance is a scalar quantity [Apr 24]
Statement 2: Dimensional formula of inductance is [M L2 T-2 A-2]
(A) statement I is correct and statement II is wrong.
(B) statement I is wrong and statement II is correct.
(C) Both the statements I and II is correct
(D) both the statements I and II are wrong.
Q. Mention any two factors on which the self-inductance of a coil depends. [Jul 18, Aug 22]
Q. How is the self inductance of a solenoid, depend on number of turns in the coil? [Mar 19]
Q. If the number of turns of a solenoid is doubled, the self inductance of the solenoid will [Mar 23]
(A) remains unchanged (B) be doubled
(C) be halved (D) becomes four times
Q. Derive the expression for energy stored in the coil (or solenoi(D) carrying current. [Jun 15]
Q. Mention the expression for energy stored in the coil carrying current. [Mar 14, Mar 17]
Q. A coil of self inductance 2H is carrying a steady current of 1 A. Calculate the energy stored in the coil.
[May 23]
Q. Current in a coil, changes from 1.6A to 0.2A in 2 second inducing an emf of 2.8V . The value of self-
inductance of the coil is [Mar 24]
(A) 40H (B) 28H (C) 4H (D) 56H

Mutual induction
Q. Define mutual inductance between pair of coils. [Jul 16]
Q. S.I unit of mutual inductance of pair of coils is [Mar 23]
(A) henry (B) ohm (C) farad (D) ohm-metre
Q. The mutual inductance of a solenoid can be decreased by _________________ the number of turns per
unit length either in inner or outer solenoid. (decreasing) [Mar 24]
Q. Mutual induction is the working principle of [Apr 24]
(A) ammeter (B) electric motor (C) transformer (D) voltmeter

AC generator
Q. With the help of a labeled diagram, derive an expression for instantaneous induced emf in an AC
generator. Represent the variation of this emf with time graphically.
[Jun 19, Mar 20, Sep 21, Aug 22, Aug 23, Apr 24]
Q. Give the working principle of AC generator. Why the current generated by it is called alternating
current? [May 22]
Q. Write the principle of AC generator. Mention the expression for induced emf in it. [Mar 24]

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11 Compiled by HB, M’lore

Q. The frequency of alternating current in an AC generator is decided by [May 23]

(A) area of the coil (B) number of turns of the coil
(C) frequency of revolution of the coil (D) strength of magnetic field

Problems
1. The magnetic flux linked with a coil varies as  = 3t2 + 4t + 9, what is the magnitude of induced emf at
0.25 s? [Jun 17]
2. Current in a coil falls from 2.5A to 2.0A in 0.01 s, calculate the induced emf in a coil if its self
inductance is 5mH. [Mar 16, Sep 20]
3. The current in a coil falls from 25 mA to 0 mA in 1 ms and induces an emf of 10 V in it. Find the self-
inductance of the coil. [May 22]
4. Calculate the change in current in an inductor of 5 mH in which the emf induced is 250 V in 10-2 s.
[Mar 19]
2
5. A long solenoid with 20 turns per cm has a small loop of area 2.5 cm placed inside the solenoid
normal to its axis. If the current carried by the solenoid changes steadily from 0.2 A to 0.6 A in 0.1 s,
calculate the induced emf in the loop while the current is changing. [Mar 18]
6. A circular coil of radius 10 cm and 25 turns is rotated about its vertical diameter with an angular speed
of 40 rads-1, in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 50 mT. Calculate the peak value of
emf induced in the coil. Also find the peak value of current in the coil if the resistance of the coil is
15. [Mar 18]
7. A conductor of length 3m is moving in a uniform magnetic field of strength 100T. It covers a distance
of 70 m in 5 s. Its plane of motion makes an angle of 30o with the direction of magnetic field. Calculate
the emf induced in it. [Mar 19]

Chapter 7: Alternating Current

Alternating current
Q. Mention the expression for rms value of alternating voltage in terms of peak value. [Mar 14, Jun 17]
Q. If the peak value of an ac is 4.24A, then find its rms value? [Mar 18, Aug 22]
Q. The relation between peak value of current (im) and rms value of current (I) is [Mar 23]
im im
(A) I = (B) I = 2im (C) I = 2im (D) I =
2 2

AC applied to pure resistor

Q. Show that voltage and current are in phase with each other when AC is applied to a pure resistor.
[Mar 18]
Q. Which of the following is independent of the frequency of applied AC? [Aug 23]
(A) resistance (B) inductive reactance
(C) capacitive reactance (D) impedance

AC applied to pure inductor

Q. Obtain the expression for the current in an ac circuit containing a pure inductor. or

Show that voltage leads current by , when A.C. voltage applied to pure inductance.
2
[Mar 15, Mar 19, May 22, Aug 22]
Q. What is the power loss in an ac circuit containing pure inductor? [Mar 17]

AC applied to pure capacitor

Q. What is the power factor of an AC circuit containing pure capacitor? [Jun 17]
Q. How does capacitive reactance vary with frequency of ac? [Mar 20]
Q. In case of a pure capacitor connected to an AC source, the phase difference between voltage and
current through the circuit is [May 23]
(A) 180° (B) 90° (C) 0o (D) 45o
Q. Write the expression for instantaneous current in an ac circuit containing pure capacitor and explain
the terms. [Apr 24]

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12 Compiled by HB, M’lore

Series LCR circuit

Q. Obtain the expression for impedance and current in a series LCR circuit using phasor diagram.
[Mar 18, Mar 19]

Electrical resonance
Q. Write the condition for electrical resonance in series LCR circuit. [Jul 18]
Q. What is resonant frequency? Write the expression for resonant frequency. [Sep 20, Aug 23]
Q. Derive the expression for resonant frequency or resonant angular frequency. [Jul 14]
Q. What is wattless current? [Jul 18]
Q. The resonance phenomenon is exhibited by a circuit only if following components are present
[Mar 24]
(A) L and R (B) L and C (C) R and C (D) None of the above

Transformer
Q. What is transformer? Mention its principle of working.
[Mar 14, Jun 15, Mar 16, Mar 17, Aug 22, May 23]
Q. Explain the construction and working of transformer. [Mar 14, Jul 16, Mar 18]
Q. What is a transformer? Mention the sources of energy losses in a transformer.
[Jun 15, Mar 16, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, Jun 19, Mar 20, Sep 21, May 22, Mar 23, Mar 24]

Problems
1. A pure inductor of 25.0 mH is connected to a source of 220 V. Find the inductive reactance and rms
current in the circuit if the frequency of the source is 50 Hz. [Jul 14]
2. An inductor and bulb are connected in series to an AC source of 220V, 50 Hz ac source. A current of
11A flows in the circuit and phase angle between voltage and current is /4 radian. Calculate the
impedance and inductance of the circuit. [Jul 16]
3. A sinusoidal voltage of rms value of 10 V, and frequency 50 Hz is applied to a series LR circuit in
which R = 3 and L = 12.75 mH. Find (a) impedance of the circuit (b) rms current (c) phase
difference between current and voltage [Apr 24]
4. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 283 V and frequency 50 Hz is applied to a series LCR circuit in
which R = 3, L = 25.48 mH, and C = 796 F. Find (a) the impedance of the circuit (b) the phase
difference between the voltage across the source and the current (c) the power factor (d) Average
power dissipated in the circuit. [Mar 15, Mar 17, Jun 19, Mar 23]
5. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 285 V is applied to a series LCR circuit in which R = 5, L = 28.5
mH and C = 800 F. Find (a) resonant frequency (b) Calculate the impedance, current and power
dissipated at resonance. [Jun 17]
6. A 20 resistor, 1.5 H inductor and 35F capacitor are connected in series with a 220V, 50 Hz ac
supply. Calculate the impedance of the circuit and also find the current through the circuit.
[Jul 18, Aug 23]
7. A series LCR circuit containing an inductor of 1.5 H, a capacitor of 35F and a resistor of 50 is
connected to ac source of 200V and 50Hz. Calculate (i) the impedance and (ii) power factor of the
circuit. [May 23]
8. A resistor 100, a pure inductance coil of L = 0.5 H and capacitor are in series in a circuit containing
an ac of 200V, 50 Hz. In the circuit current is ahead of the voltage by 30o. Find the value of the
capacitance. [Jun 15]
9. An ac source of 110V, 50 Hz is connected in series with a 50 resistor, 15F capacitor and 2200H
inductor in series. Find impedance and current through the circuit. [Mar 17]
10. An ac source of 200V, 50 Hz is connected in series with a 3 resistor, 790F capacitor and 25mH
inductor in series. Find impedance and current through the circuit. [Sep 20]
11. A source of alternating emf of 220V, 50 Hz is connected in series with a resistance of 200 and
inductance 0.1 H and capacitance of 30F. Does the current lead or lag the voltage and by what angle?
[Mar 17]

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7
12. An ac source 230V, 50 Hz is connected in series with 50 resistor, H inductor and
44
7
 10−4 F capacitor. Find the phase angle between the current in the circuit and the source voltage.
22
State whether the current leads or lags behind the voltage in the circuit. [Sep 21]
13. A sinusoidal voltage of 250V and frequency 50Hz , is applied to a series LCR circuit. In which,
R = 6, L = 25mH and C = 796 F . Calculate (a) the impedance of the circuit and (b) the power
factor. [Mar 24]

Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves

Conduction current and displacement current

Q. What is conduction current? [Mar 17, May 23]
Q. Define displacement current. [Jun 15, Mar 17, Mar 20, May 22, Aug 22, Mar 23, May 23, Aug 23]
Q. Write the expression for displacement current.
[Jun 15, Mar 15, Mar 20, May 22, Aug 22, Mar 23, Aug 23]
→ →
Q. According to the generalised Ampere-Maxwell law, ∮ B .dl is equal to [Mar 24]
dE dE dE
(A) 0ic + 0 0 (B) 0ic (C)  0 (D) 0 0
dt dt dt

Electromagnetic waves
Q. What are electromagnetic waves? [Jul 16, Mar 19]
Q. How are electromagnetic waves produced? [Mar 19]
Q. Electromagnetic waves are produced by [May 23]
(A) accelerated charges (B) stationary charges
(C) charges in uniform motion (D) a conductor carrying steady current
Q. Who predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves? Give the wavelengths of electromagnetic
spectrum. [Mar 14, Aug 22]
Q. Write the expression for speed of electromagnetic wave in vacuum in terms of permeability of free
space and permittivity of free space. [Jul 16, Jun 17, Mar 19]
Q. Write the relation between the magnitude of the electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic
wave. [May 22]
Q. Which of the following are not electromagnetic waves? [Aug 23]
(A) Radio waves (B) -rays (C) UV-rays (D) X-rays
Q. Which of the following e.m.w has highest frequency? [Apr 24]
(A) X-rays (B) Radiowaves (C) IR (D) Gamma rays

Electromagnetic spectrum
Q. Give the wavelength range of electromagnetic spectrum. [Mar 14, Sep 20]
Q. Arrange the following electromagnetic waves in ascending order of their wavelength:
Radio waves, Gamma rays, IR waves and X-rays. [Mar 20]
Q. Mention the wavelength range of X-rays? [Mar 16]
Q. What are the uses of X-ray? [Mar 18]
Q. Name the type of electromagnetic rays lying between ultraviolet and gamma rays. [May 22]
Q. What are the uses of UV rays? [Jul 18, Jun 19, Mar 24, Apr 24]
Q. The ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum lies between [Mar 23]
(A) X-ray region and visible region (B) Microwave region and radiowave region
(C) -rays region and X-rays region (D) Visible region and microwave region
Q. What are the uses of IR rays? [Mar 15, Mar 18, Sep 20]
Q. What are the uses of microwaves? [Jul 14, Mar 17]
Q. Which electromagnetic waves are used in radio communication? [Sep 21]

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Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Reflection through spherical mirror

Q. Arrive at the relation between the focal length and radius of curvature of a spherical concave mirror.
[Mar 18, Jun 19, Mar 20, Mar 23]
Q. Write Cartesian sign conventions adopted for measuring distances in reflection of light at spherical
mirrors. [Mar 24]
Q. Mention the relation between the focal length and radius of curvature of a spherical concave mirror.
[Aug 22]
Q. A concave mirror produces virtual image when the object is placed [May 23]
(A) at its centre of curvature
(B) beyond its centre of curvature
(C) between its principal focus and centre of curvature
(D) within its principal focus

Refraction through plane surface

Q. State the laws of refraction [Jul 14]
Q. Snell's law of refraction invalid at an angle of incidence (i) is [Mar 23]
(A) i =30o (B) i = 60° (C) i = 0o (D) i = 90o
Q. A blue ray of light enters an optically denser medium from air. What happens to its frequency in
denser medium? [Jul 18]
Q. The ratio of speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in a medium, gives [Apr 24]
(A) absolute refractive index (B) relative refractive index
(C) relative mass density (D) mass density of the medium

Total internal reflection

Q. Define critical angle. [Jun 17, Apr 24]
Q. Mention the relation between critical angle and refractive index of a medium. [Apr 24]
Q. What is total internal reflection? [Jul 16, Mar 17, Mar 19, Sep 20, May 23]
Q. Mention the conditions for total internal reflection. [Jun 15, Mar 17, Jun 17, Mar 19, Sep 20]
Q. Mention three applications of total internal reflection of light. [Mar 14]
Q. Mention three applications of optical fibre. [Jul 16, Aug 22, May 23]

Refraction through a prism

Q. Derive the expression for the refractive index of the material of a prism in terms of the angle of the
prism and angle of minimum deviation. [Mar 15, Mar 17, Mar 19, Mar 23, Aug 23]
Q. The following ray diagram shows a ray of light passing through an equilateral prism in minimum
deviation position. What is the value of r in it? [Sep 21]

Q. Draw a ray diagram of refraction of monochromatic ligt through a prism. Mention the expression for
deviation in a thin prism. [Apr 24]

Refraction through curved surface

Q. Derive the relation between n1, n2, u, v and R for refractrion at a single spherical surface. [Mar 18]

Refraction through a lens

Q Define power of a lens [Aug 22, Mar 24]
Q. Write SI unit of power of a lens. [Mar 24]

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Q. How does the power of a lens vary with its focal length? [Mar 15, Mar 16, Mar 17, Sep 20, Aug 22]
Q. Derive lens maker’s formula. [Jun 15, Jul 16, Mar 17, Jun 17, Mar 19, May 22, May 23]
Q. For which position of the object magnification of convex lens is -1? [Mar 19]

Combination of lenses
Q. Derive an expression for effective focal length of combination of two thin lenses in contact
[Mar 16, Jul 18, Sep 21, Aug 22]
Q. Two lenses of power -0.5D and +1.5D are kept in contact. Find the effective power of the combination.
[Mar 18]

Simple microscope
Q. Draw the ray diagram for formation of image in simple microscope. [Mar 19, Aug 23]
Q. Write the expression for magnification produced by simple microscope when the image is at near
point. [Aug 23]

Compound microscope
Q. Draw the ray diagram of a Compound Microscope when the image is formed at near point or least
distance of distinct vision. [Mar 15]

Telescope
Q. Draw the ray diagram for formation of image by a refracting telescope and write the expression for
magnifying power of telescope. [Mar 17]
Q. Modern telescopes called reflecting telescopes use a concave mirror rather than a lens for the objective
because [Mar 24]
I. no chromatic aberration in a mirror.
II. giving mechanical support to a mirror is easier.
(A) I is true, II is false (B) I is false, II is true
(C) Both I and II are true (D) I Both I and II are false

Problems
1. A small bulb (a point source) is placed at the bottom of a tank containing water to a depth of 80cm .
What is the radius of the circular surface of water through which light emerge out? Refractive index of
water is 1.33. [Mar 24]
2. Two convex lenses of focal lengths 0.20 m and 0.30 m are kept in contact. Find the focal length of the
combination. Calculate powers of two lenses and combination. [Mar 14]
3. An equilateral prism produces a minimum deviation of 40o. What is the R.I of the material of the
prism? Calculate the angle of incidence. [Jul 14]
4. An equilateral prism is made of glass. When a beam of light is incident on a face of the prism the angle
of minimum deviation is found to be 40o. Calculate the R.I of the prism. If this prism is placed in water
of R.I 1.33, find the new angle of minimum deviation for the parallel beam of light. [Mar 17, Mar 18]
5. A ray of light passes through an equilateral glass prism such that the refracted ray inside the prism is
parallel to its base. Calculate the (a) Angle of deviation of the ray and (b) Speed of light ray inside the
prism. Given: the refractive index of glass = 3/2 and the speed of light in vacuum = 3 x 108 ms-1
[May 22]
6. The refractive index of an equilateral prism is 1.532. If this prism is placed in water of R.I 1.33, then
find the angle of minimum deviation. [Sep 20]
7. At what angle should a ray of light be incident on the face of an equilateral prism, so that it just suffers
total internal reflection at the other face? The refractive index of the material of the prism is 1.5. [
Mar 20]
8. The radii of curvature of two surfaces of a convex lens is 0.2 m and 0.22 m. Find the focal length of
the lens if refractive index of the material of lens is 1.5. Also find the change in focal length, if it is
immersed in water of R.I 1.33. [Jul 18]
9. An object of height 3 cm is placed 14 cm in front of a concave lens of focal length 21 cm. Find the
position, nature and size of the image formed. [Jun 19]

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10. Double convex lens is to be manufactured from a glass of R.I 1.52, with both faces of same radius of
curvature. What is the radius of curvature required if the focal length is 25 cm. What will be new focal
length when the lens is immersed in water of R.I 1.33. [Apr 24]

Chapter 10: Wave optics

Wavefront
Q. State Huygens principles of wavefront. [Aug 23]
Q. What is a wavefront? [Mar 14, Sep 21]
Q. Wavefront is defined as a surface of constant phase. [May 23]
Q. What is the shape of the wavefront from a point source at a finite distance? [Sep 21]
Q. Derive Snell’s law using Huygens Principle. [Mar 17, Mar 18]
Q. Using Huygens Principle, show that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection during a
plane wavefront reflected by a plane surface. [Jun 19, Mar 20, May 22, Aug 22]
Q. When a point source of light is placed at the principal focus of a thin convex lens, the shape of the
emergent wave front is [Mar 23]
(A) Spherical convergent wave front (B) Spherical divergent wave front
(C) Plane wave front (D) Cylindrical wave front
Q. According to Huygen’s principle, the speed of the secondary wavelets is [Mar 24]
(A) twice that of the wave (B) zero
(C) same as the wave (D) infinite

Interference of light
Q. What is meant by interference of light? [Mar 15, Mar 24]
Q. Give the condition for constructive and destructive interference in terms of path difference between the
interfering waves. [Mar 15, Jul 16, Mar 24, Apr 24]
Q. Explain the theory of interference of two waves of the same amplitude and write the condition for
constructive interference in terms of path difference and phase difference. [Mar 18]
Q. What are coherent sources? [May 22, Apr 24]

Young’s double slit experiment

Q. Describe Young’s double slit experiment. [Jun 15]

Diffraction of light
Q. What is diffraction of light? [Mar 19, Sep 20]
Q. The phenomenon in which formation of alternate dark and bright regions in geometrical shadow of an
opaque object is called diffraction. [Apr 24]
Q. The bending of light around the corners of a small opaque object is called [May 23]
(A) polarisation (B) diffraction (C) interference (D) refraction
Q. Write differences between diffraction pattern and interference. [Jun 17]
Q. Fringes of unequal intensities are obtained in _____________pattern. (diffraction) [Mar 24]

Polarisation
Q. Statement 1: Light is a transverse electromagnetic wave [Apr 24]
Statement 2: Polarisation of light confirms transverse nature of light
(A) statement I is correct and statement II is wrong.
(B) statement I is wrong and statement II is correct.
(C) Both the statements I and II is correct. Statement II is the correct confirmation of statement 1
(D) both the statements I and II are wrong.
Q. What is polarisation of light? Or When do we say that light is plane polarised?
[Jul 18, Mar 19, Sep 20]
Q. Mention any two methods of producing plane polarised light [Jul 18, Sep 20]
Q. Represent the plane polarised light diagrammatically. [Mar 17]
Q. Phenomenon of polarisation proves the transverse nature of light waves. [Mar 23]
Q. Which of the following phenomenon confirms the transverse nature of the light waves? [Aug 23]
(A) interference (B) diffraction (C) polarisation (D) reflection
Q. State and explain Malus Law. [Mar 14]

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Q. Write the formula for Malus law. [Jul 16, Aug 22]
Q. Mention three applications of polaroids. [Mar 16, Mar 17, May 22, May 23, Mar 24, Apr 24]

Problems
1. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths 420 nm and 560 nm is used to obtain interference
fringes in Young’s double slit experiment. The distance between the slits is 0.3 mm and the distance
between the slits and the screen is 1.5 m. Compute the least distance of the point from the central
maximum, where the bright fringes due to both the wavelengths coincide. [Jun 15]
2. In Young’s double slit experiment distance between the slits is 0.5 mm. When the screen is kept at a
distance of 100 cm from the slits the distance of 9th bright fringe from the central fringe system is
8.835 mm. Find the wavelength of light used. [Jun 17]
3. In Young’s double slit experiment the slits are separated by 1.2 mm and the screen is placed at a
distance of 0.75 m away from the slits. The distance between the central bright fringe and the fifth
bright fringe is measured to be 1.8 mm. Calculate the wavelength of the light used. Also find the
distance of 5th dark fringe from the centre of the screen. [Mar 19, May 23]

Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Electron emission
Q. Mention three types of electron emissions. [Mar 14, Mar 19, Jun 19]
Q. What is meant by photoelectric emission/effect? [Sep 21, Mar 23, Apr 24]
Q. Define electron volt. [Jul 16]
Q. The phenomenon of emission of electrons from a metal surface by heating it is called [Aug 23]
(A) field emission (B) thermionic emission
(C) photoelectric emission (D) secondary emission

Photoelectric effect
Q. Mention Hallwachs’ and Lenard’s observations. [Jun 15]
Q. Define work function. [Jun 15, Jul 16, Jun 17, Mar 18, Mar 20, May 22, Mar 23, Aug 23]
Q. Define threshold frequency. [Jun 15, Jun 17, Mar 18]
Q. Mention five experimental observations of photoelectric effect (or laws of photoelectric emission).
[Mar 16, Mar 17, Jul 18, Mar 19, Sep 20, Sep 21, May 22, Mar 23, Aug 23, Apr 24]
Q. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation and explain the terms. [Mar 20, Apr 24]
Q. Write Einstein’s equation of photoelectric effect. Give Einstein’s explanation of photoelectric effect.
[Mar 15, Mar 19, May 23, Mar 24]
Q. Define stopping potential. [Jun 15, Jun 17]
Q. In photoelectric experiment, increase in the intensity of light above threshold frequency [May 23]
(A) increases kinetic energy of photoelectrons
(B) increases photoelectric current
(C) decreases kinetic energy of photoelectrons
(D) photoelectric current remains constant

Photon
Q. Mention three properties of photon. [Mar 14, Mar 18, May 23]
Q. What is the rest mass of a photon? [Jun 19]

Matter waves
Q. What are matter waves or de-Broglie waves? [Jul 16, Jun 17, May 22]
Q. What is de-Broglie wavelength? [Mar 17]
Q. How does the de-Broglie wavelength vary with momentum of moving particle? [Jun 17]
Q. Write the expression for the de-Broglie wavelength of a moving particle and explain the terms.
[Jul 16, Mar 17, Sep 21, Aug 22]
Q. Write the de-Broglie wavelength of electrons in terms of electric potential and explain the terms.
[Mar 19, Aug 23]
Q. Calculate de-Broglie wavelength associated with an electron moving with a speed of 2105 ms-1.
Given h = 6.625  10-34 Js, me = 9.11  10-31 kg. [Jul 18]

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Q. An alpha particle, a proton and an electron are moving with equal kinetic energy. Which one of these
particles has the longest de-Broglie wavelength? Give reason. [Mar 20]
Q. Macroscopic particles in our daily life do not show wave-like properties because [Mar 24]
(A) they are not associated with waves (B) their wavelength is extremely high
(C) their wavelength is zero (D) their wavelength is negligibly small
Q. Following particles are moving with same speed. Which one of them has longest de-Broglie
wavelength? [Apr 24]
(A) proton (B) neutron (C) alpha particle (D) electron

Problems
1. The work function of caesium metal is 2.14 eV. When light of frequency 6 × 10 14Hz is incident on the
metal surface, photoemission of electrons occurs. What is the (A) energy of the incident photons (B)
maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons. (C) Stopping potential, and (D) maximum speed of
the emitted photoelectrons? Given h = 6.63  10-34 Js, e = 1.6 x 10-19 C, me = 9.1 × 10-31kg [Jul 14]
2. Light of frequency 8.41  1014 Hz is incident on a metal surface. Electrons with their maximum speed
of 7.5  105 ms-1 are ejected from the surface. Calculate the threshold frequency for photoemission of
electrons. Also find the work function of the metal in eV. Given Planck’s constant = 6.625  10-34 Js
and mass of the electron = 9.1 10-31 kg. [Mar 18]
3. Light of frequency 7.21  1014 Hz is incident on a metal surface. Electrons with their maximum speed
of 6.0  105 ms-1 are ejected from the surface. Calculate the threshold frequency for photoemission of
electrons. Given Planck’s constant = 6.626  10-34 Js. Mass of the electron = 9.1 x 10-31 kg. Also find
the work function in eV. [Mar 17, Aug 22]

Chapter 12: Atoms

Atomic models
Q. Plum-pudding model of atom was given by [Apr 24]
(A) J. J. Thomson (B) Rutherford (C) Neils Bohr (D) Einstein
Q. Draw the schematic diagram of Geiger-Marsden (Rutherford’s) experiment. [Mar 18, May 22]
Q. At the distance of closest approach of an  - particle with gold nucleus, [Mar 24]
(A) both kinetic energy and potential energy are equal
(B) entire kinetic energy is converted into potential energy
(C) entire potential energy is converted into kinetic energy
(D) both kinetic energy and potential energy are zero
Q. What is impact parameter? When it is minimum? [Mar 17, Aug 22, Aug 23]

Bohr’s theory
Q. Mention Bohr’s first postulate of hydrogen atom. [Sep 21, Mar 23, Aug 23, Mar 24]
Q. State and explain Bohr’s postulates of hydrogen atom.
[Mar 14, Jun 15, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, May 22]

Radius of orbit
Q. Mention expression for radius of nth orbit of H-atom. Hence write the expression for Bohr radius.
[Mar 15, Mar 20, Sep 20]

Energy of electron
Q. Obtain the expression for energy of the electron in the nth orbit of H-atom.
[Jul 14, Jul 16, Jun 17, Jul 18, Jun 19]
Q. Obtain the expression for energy of the electron in the nth orbit of H-atom interm of radius of the orbit.
[May 23, Apr 24]
Q. Write the expression for energy of the electron in the nth orbit of H-atom. [Mar 19]

Hydrogen spectral series

Q. Draw the energy level diagram of hydrogen atom and sketch the different spectral series in it.
[Mar 19]

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Q. Name the spectral series of hydrogen which lies in the ultraviolet region of electromagnetic spectrum.
[Mar 15, Mar 18, Mar 23, May 23]
Q. Name the spectral series of hydrogen which lies in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum.
[Jun 15, Jun 19, Mar 23, May 23]
Q. Mention the limitations of Bohr model. [Mar 14, Mar 18, Mar 19, Sep 20]

Excitation and Ionisation

Q. What is meant by the ionization energy of an atom? [May 22]

de-Broglie’s explanation
Q. Give de Broglie’s explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantisation. [Mar 18]

Problems
1. Calculate the shortest and longest wavelength of Ballmer series of hydrogen atom. Given R = 1.097 x
107 m-1. [Mar 16]
2. The first member of the Balmer series of hydrogen atom has wavelength 6563Å. Calculate the
wavelength and frequency of the second member of the same series. c = 3 × 108 ms-1.
[Mar 17, Aug 22]
3. Calculate the wave number, wavelength and frequency of H line of hydrogen spectrum.
R = 1.097 x 107 m-1, c = 3 × 108 ms-1. [Mar 17]
4. Calculate the wavelength of series limit of Balmer series of Hydrogen. State the region of
electromagnetic spectrum to which this line belongs. Take Rydberg constant = 107 m-1 [Sep 21]

Chapter 13: Nuclei

Nuclei
Q. What are isotopes? Give example. [Jul 14, Mar 16, Jun 19]
Q. The nuclides 1H3 and 2He3 are [May 23]
(A) isotopes (B) radioactive (C) isotones (D) isobars
Q. Nuclei having same atomic number and different mass number are called________ Mar 23]
Q. What are isobars? Give example. [Mar 16, Sep 21, Aug 22]
Q. Nuclides with same neutron number N but different atomic number Z are called [Aug 23]
(A) isotopes (B) isobars (C) radioactive nuclei (D) isotones

Properties of nucleus
Q. What is the ratio of nuclear densities of two nuclei having mass number in the ratio 1:3? [Jul 16]
Q. What is the order of the density of a nucleus? [Mar 19]

Mass defect and binding energy

Q. Define mass defect and binding energy. Write the relation between them. [May 22]
Q. Define binding energy of a nucleus. What is its significance? [Aug 23]
Q. Define specific binding energy. [Mar 15]
Q. Mention the element which has highest specific binding energy. [Mar 17]

Nuclear force
Q. What is a nuclear force? Mention its properties. [Jul 14, Mar 16, Mar 18, Sep 21]
Q. The nuclear force is [Mar 24]
(A) attractive for distance r = 0.5fm (B) attractive for distance r  0.8fm
(C) repulsive for distance r  0.8fm (D) repulsive for distance r  0.8fm
Q. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of nuclear force? [Apr 24]
(A) strongest forces (B) saturated forces
(C) charge independent forces (D) charge dependent forces

Nuclear fission and fusion

Q. Fusion reaction requires very high temperature. Why? [Mar 17]
Q. Give any two differences between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. [Mar 23]

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Q. The breaking of heavy nucleus into two nuclei of intermediate masses and release of energy is called
nuclear fission. [Apr 24]

Radioactivity
Q. Alpha particle is a ______________nucleus. (helium) [Mar 24]

Problems
1. Calculate the mass defect and specific binding energy of 7N14, given that the rest mass of nitrogen
nucleus is 14.00307 u, mP = 1.00783 u and mn = 1.00867 u. [Mar 14, Mar 18]
2. Calculate binding energy and binding energy per nucleon of an oxygen nucleus 8O16. Rest mass of
oxygen nucleus is 15.99053 u, mass of proton = 1.00727 u and mass of neutron = 1.008665 u.
[Jun 17, Apr 24]
3. Calculate the mass defect and binding energy of an alpha particle (2He4) in MeV. Rest mass of helium
nucleus = 4.00260 u, mass of proton = 1.007825 u and mass of neutron = 1.00866 u.
[Jun 19, Sep 20, Mar 23]
14
4. Mass defect of 7 N is 0.11236u . Calculate the binding energy and binding energy per nucleon in
MeV [Mar 24]
5. A given copper coin has a mass 63.0 g, calculate the nuclear energy that would be required to separate
all the neutrons and protons from each other. Assume that the coin is entirely made of 29Cu63 atoms of
mass = 62.92960u. Given NA = 6.022×1023
mp = 1.00727 u, mn = 1.00866 u. [Mar 20]

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics

Semiconductor
Q. Give an example for elemental semiconductor. [May 22]

Band theory of solids

Q. Explain conduction band, valence band and energy gap in semiconductor. [Mar 19]
Q. Explain the formation of energy bands in solids. On the basis of energy bands distinguish between a
metal, a semiconductor and an insulator. [Mar 14]
Q. Classify metals, semiconductors and insulators based on the band theory of solids with diagram.
[Mar 15, Mar 18]
Q. Energy gap (Eg) between the valence band and the conduction band for conductor is [Mar 23]
(A) Eg = 0 (B) Eg < 3eV (C) Eg >3eV (D) Eg = 3eV
Q. Energy gap in case of conductors is zero [May 23]
Q. The value of energy band in insulators is ________________than 3eV (greater) [Mar 24]

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor

Q. What are intrinsic semiconductors? [Jun 15]
Q. Write three differences between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor.
[Mar 19, Mar 20, May 22, May 23, Aug 23, Mar 24]
Q. An intrinsic semiconductor will behave like an insulator at temperature T = 0K. [Aug 23]
Q. An intrinsic semiconductor is [Apr 24]
(A) a substance having equal number of free electrons and holes at room temperature.
(B) a substance having unequal number of free electrons and holes at room temperature.
(C) a conductor at T = 0 K
(D) an insulator at room temperature

p-type and n-type semiconductor

Q. Name the element used as dopant to obtain p-type semiconductor. [Jun 15]
Q. Distinguish between n-type and p-type semiconductor.
[Jul 14, Jul 16, Mar 17, Mar 18, Mar 19, Aug 22, Apr 24]
Q. p -type semiconductor is electrically [Mar 24]
(A) positive (B) negative
(C) neutral (D) as temperature increases it becomes negative

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p-n junction diode

Q. What is depletion region in a semiconductor diode? [Mar 18]

Q. Describe the action of a p-n junction when it is forward biased. [Aug 22]
Q. Describe the action of a p-n junction when it is (i) forward biased (ii) reverse biased with I-V
characteristics [Jul 18]
Q. When a p-n junction is forward biased as biased potential increases, the width of depletion region
decreases [Apr 24]

Rectifiers

Q. What is rectification? [Jun 15, Mar 16, Mar 17, Mar 18, Jun 19, Mar 20, Aug 22, Mar 23, Aug 23]
Q. What is a rectifier? [Mar 18, May 22, May 23, Mar 24]
Q. Write the neat circuit diagram of a half wave rectifier and explain its working. Draw the input and
output waveforms. [Mar 18, Jun 19, Mar 20, Sep 21, Aug 22, May 23, Aug 23]
Q. Write the neat circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier and explain its working. Draw the input and
output waveforms. [Jul 14, Jun 15, Mar 16, Mar 17, May 22, Mar 23, Mar 24, Apr 24]

*****

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