+ kuska). alls Test is Ryt.
Eiled (ahoayg)
Daie :
Thesevesa_Abn-faamelaic tests alu:
Olcoon -Snd Rant test (U-tet)
Mann- Whithey dst (H-test)
" Kzuskal - hallis lyt
ant ornelation oefscient
Speauoman s atleast s baumples
or H test s the non- Pauan ehic and o
Kuskal wallis est one way ANoVA test (f-test )
Valuable alteunatoe to a
hoxmality and eguality vauianc. Qhumptiong
ohes th ist be cuauen
atlengt&kample
tess ued to tes the equality YBeoa
hual ANoUA dhanclamental asumptor
Population means and d's besed on
Population som hich samples aw drauln au
that dhe
hozmally cisbibutaal
Assumpions : dampls
hu tndpendndy duauth Sandom
0Aau auL at least hi5.
Each bampl has at least 6ohseusaong,
4tesk lssed tb tost he AulluomAypothusis if k lod perdenl
Samplesk3hage been duawn he populatonwhics
cisbibutid, and dees not uguie hu
have idenical
(orition DOTmality a th Populatians.
JNall ypothesis Ho:
k’tndipend1nt samples
have ben duawn tro
Popali hons cöhich du Alteynahte hypothesis h
iden ioa/ly distibuhod. k-indpendunt Sampe
kawe bean duaan srom popu
ahchUshibutd
au no dentically
bunt om othuug.
Date
ototi on:
*:Nambey ofSamples k3
h;: SBe the Lampl
Samp Observg
lotal no o observation in ksamp/es 2 112 2345
5
Rork
Rant trom Smatest ty to th tuu (n) 23.. 6
tfdhiu tsa te thu tate an
Proceduuw:
slap) belin Null Hupaddis (uo)
anod alteunathoe hypothsis (H)
Sapb) Kank thy Bample. bbseatong in he ombid Beig av
lompute TËun of ranks a jth gample
Stp omputt Test stistos.H-valu i Undlau Ho.
|2
-3(n+)
pro. dighbuted
7 20
Thes
Tab
1quoupsAcomponyo each and a
Tndomly oye
qlven 9
diuiolkdln PmaFagemt
winto hee
follows :
Neho A 99 64 [o 85 29 95 0 /00
Method B 83 102 |256| 41 96 99 89 931 25
Nethodc09 99 55 /059o59 9089 o 76| 89
Use kruska - Wallg ost to dtormin a 5 tos e
Ihuu methoc ae
Null upo thesls Ho : Date :
fthusmettoots u equatsy
Alterrahoe Hypothusis H : effecthue
alest too us aw oifevent (Hhe metocy ay nor
eguat efjecboe)
dee) emputi the ralcs
Sample C BAB AA 8 A C A
thseratop: 56 61 64 15,
obseryafon 76 79 83 g5 89 82 88_89g9 g9
ank! 1 2 3) 44' 6 67
6 5 )95 95 ()
( 13 3 13
26+22
B B ABA C A A B
93 q4 95 697 g8 99 100 0l 01 (o2 l05 la5
funtet ts5) 1S5 199 T8 T9 20) 21(22) 23(2 (25) (265) 26.5 28 29 30
h, =0 .n,=l0ng=l0
s Sum of ranks of A mehod
15
= 3+6t8 f Il+ l5 5 +20 t22fyt25 + 26-5 =16L
h Sum of ranlcs 0f B metho d
2+ 4+7 +03 fI+18t19+ 21+28 t30 =|59.
la Sum of rants of Cmethod
Elt5 +q-5 +95 t13+3+15:5+ 23 t 26:5+29 =l95
JoR
Methmodod 99l6y L1o! l85 79889? 95 9o loo
(24)
(3) (26-5)| (8) 6) (0D (22) (2o) (55) (25)
|HetB'od 83 L02
(26) (30)
25 6I
(2)
91
(7)
96
(a)
99
(3) 6)
93 75
Methodl 89 98
13) (23) ()
56 JD5
29> (5)
89 qo 8
(15.5)5)25) (5)
JoJ 76 89
tr3
13
T for Auth od =
Step Gonputu Test statistics
H2
-3(s0+
3o(30+)o
Daie
= 31 =
tobulatd valng of xo.05) fcu 2d FIS 6.99]
Hoal Htab
O196 K 599 AceptHo RyeteeHa
o,it ds hot Bignficant and 5-991
coe fail do uteer Ho.
Heg=lgo all taching
methodg au Equol.
hob he fobcing ata 0eus ollected ahich a th ach
ment test's aes fau tue cteant ob o stedaak
each taupht by 4
Jhe obgetive odhe ebeiment us t teshhu hypcth
o no clifeusk dn he popula ton ashibutions o
|achieuement test &ores erss th atteenatue that
thy clifeu in locatioasi that ls at last one of th
stibaoh_ s shifted above the thusy.Gndust th
tst sing th kruskal halls H-test coih. a-o-05,
20
C D
65
(3)
69, 5+6 2 55
2
O3 7912+3 a5
(2.5)
62
6-5)| (2) (20)
8,> [Stl6 s
8)72 83
96 83,>12+19
69 79
th.5)
76
(55)[R6) (ro)
(2°))
Date:
ie fow teaching dchriqus gually fetioe.
ALtesnative Hupothesls H; atkatt too oy s ay
egály efathue. !
Steos):Kank the Wembers.
-6: by=5
10
,=3+19}0}12-5 155 +6:5 63"5
=9t56 +19:6 +15:6 +9 +12:5422 =09
= 455
15
y=23 t2) tI9 t20t2y =l02
sBerenmpute test statsies!
2
2
9s09Boce.
tvs,to)
6
5
25
= k-)’t/= 3
30
q15891> ?:1y
fecepto Rejet to
7-814
chi- S9uaw tsti Daie :
7he s9uaie hu Btandard norma) Vaialt s kroonar
chi -S9uaL vaiat aets 1 oluge of udom (d.
thZ=
hiang
SNV mean
q Chi- s9uaue l t aoith
Pob obiUty dusiy funcon (Pd4) Ehi- S9uauy distibuths
iFsrandon auable fo louing chisquau olstibute
aith Ya£ then uls Pof c's giuen by
20 Whus T() ypewent Gamno fanchon
mode Y2 Slupness
Adatve focpeukgt
'distibution Possess clatie or epoclte Propeuy
he sum c thu thupenclnt Vauiat sis also a
JCvouati
30
her th 'sun
2
Applaion oy hetdistsibutoni
chi- squau es fou tnclpenclane asibut
est the Populaho, has o SPed fieo valw th Lauwarct
6toss the equality oy Beverol Populahonpropotong.
-Aceus Roerfall fest feu meaguing the sgnifcane thu
DSckÉ PRNcy BET»EN theauy obseuwed) rd exfeniment
expected) euguenoes was 9ien by frof. Kaut Peanson n
1900 and is khaones 'chi- Squae tes ofgodhess o At.
tenables_ us to Frd ik th devia hon óf tha eKpei ment
From heoxy s;
’ Just b"chance or
bt
+it reahy due to the nadiguacy of h hosuy
15
toHt H obseuvec olato:
f D i*l, 2,-D) be he set of obseuoed lepei menta)
TAguencies and Ei (expeoted) s the orrespon ing set
of expeched (theosetical or Hypo theca) ugusn cles, ,e
2d
Fvents 2<
On
|observed seeg.
Expected freg' E Eh
then kasl Feorson s chi- squae , given by
uns 20=SE follo0s chi- quaue distibuion eih|n)
deg>ee of freedom (d-F)
Kemauks: he obseoed and dhatical agncie
ge
do net agu quatw is t.
th
cy th
vow obsewed ano che
he laugeu dhu
bekveen t expety
o'scespory
uguencies
#Conition for the validity - test
cnolepenclent.
* h sampeobseuwaion shocto be
ons hraints On thu coll guncies, if any, shoulo be in
IR fota) egucncy 8hould be guate than60)
* theasutca)oel) egency Should be less than 6.
Wo
Remauk: if any cel eupaaney is ess than 5 Hhen ay he
4pputsbiliby testiFs pooled 0oith he pu ceody
¢r sucoesng fgquen cy 8o that the poojed
peole uguen
s more tHon '5 and inaly actoy the df
Tos in poo ng.
obserye nd deperds onty On the set o u
20 does not mabe expectéefugune
qSs wmptont
eg ang dit
gaudino th
Patant Populo tionoong
om ohich
taten Henc. his tes 8 alsoobsboah'khoo
o Hau
n.og on
Forometeue test ooö Dis tritbuton e Test:
3Step aPProchsQdefine Ho
Date
alulatt tR
Robbm he no.f seoter accilents fer month tn Coutain or
DeuL asollows:
/2 8 20 /0 5 6 9 4
Axe these,Jugpendes en aglaenent aoith thi belef that
gcciolent ondtions c0cu thu ban oluing hi's 1o month
SepO: Ho: ioen jJnguncies (no. o acoidnts Peu month lo
a ceutain toen) eoNSIS TE N coits the belief hat
Qcciolent conclitong cwew aame Cwng he lo- mon t» feo
Stepe: omputr Eand t
nceu Ho, thuiacjelents au canifoumaly oshibuted oves
15
thepeiog, So he especed figuencyE) = NsÓ =
o
LMonth
20 12
2
20 /00
4 64
l6
15 25 2:5
6
9
Io36 36
30
Jotal loo loo 26.6
egO X 266.
Step: dlegiu iudon (aF) =10-7 =9
2
5
HoiRejeet Aecepto Kyeet Ho
Her we concludu theat the
adcjclent Conciton ae j6 92.
Ceuitainly hot enifosur (sam) oUeuth
lo-month feuiool
10
ferete)
Reob h hecy puusdcis the proporton
thu few u A, B,C andÙ Shouldbe g:33:!
eypeu men ambng l6oo beams, the ho.
the erbeuimen ut Bupau th thy.
StepO Noi Theu is no Bignifconca.
the exþeinent yalu ahd th
t=NE A
=|600x 882 90o324 o6
6 31330o 69 O-56
=00 2823oo 69056
324 3.24
fokal 6oo 6o0
251
Y92
Ster abulatd fo.c)
2
) =8)
Ho: accept
Onoude that exeuimenuStt-8uppout the
iedman Test: Date:
Hyyotiasis teshng
forametrie test Non-farametietast
Z- test(30 Sanplas)
t-test /<30 Samples) fishes sErnef tst
Okuuskal aalis
@ANOVA -one wty siedman's test
tob hordee to follcoing dao duprtseny the no. wnits
in thouyano's) eu day bhy Hve
tablet pHoduchon
afoantuchriei ans theu ibuent
of machines
Jechnician MechineX Mechine y Nachine z/
A 54 (2) 48 () 52(3)
B 56 (2) 50 CI) 62 (3)
C 44D46(2) 54 (3)
D 53 (2) 46()56 (3)
E 52 (3) 59(3)
and
Gnduct a siedman test uoithhe given data
amorgst
Tadge othho dhuu J any difexoncl
th'machineg.o.05,2 =51qq
Ho: Jhueu çs ho oiffeenca amongst machng
H: Jhue Js diffeenc bo achineg.
whw:nkot
C olumns
HAy y
StP) Rank the lumbeud:
301
h=5, C=3
Dote
H=
2
FN
5x3/4) xV994 225 -(3K5X)
FM=76
2
Ho: Reject.
MopDLE-6
15
ulationship bls
Reguuslo ndpencdunt and dependtent Vaw able
Lneby
20
(ontinueus in Natuei .
lhaay uatonighip
smpt goesion
tra
dypenctu Omultple
thas Kegion.
to
ycmx
30
Latersep slope o
tmodit
-1ndpendon
Y= Depen cent -
fealiu is trpasctou
Date :
Ho
yn
bot6,y x= botb;, +b,Ya t bg tba
SY= Na, t ,Sx Xon y
N
<Xbotb
y zo ta,x|
10
(est squau ine lsl) yontXon y.
2 =Neota, x
NXy-X
2
standarg error Se o estimat tsis given by
2
25
2Sxx Syy -(Sy)
2
30
By =NXy)(E)
Smph iacan kegsusion haoalul ansist -atbx+eo
h
O, and B tuapt and stope Porametess
random er0Y Or andom dsteubaa
E7)=0ahd VaiancL 6.
Conflercu Toteucals
A(4) l00y Gnficlenc &inteupal ou Bramefex s
Sxx
<b<fat
VSxx
A((-a) 100 Confolenca inteyval foy Prametey q is.
15
hSxx
Heuey
hlh-)Sx
lesting o YPothesis
25
Oforstopeb
(2 for trteroupta t nSx
SE
30
Date
Sanpelinel doto
23 456 and estmat tfuote)
43 5 42 yaty=y and x at y4.
2 3 y 5 6 Ns6
5 Ey 24
16 25 36
y²36 J6 9 9 25 16 4
Lxyl689 9 20 20 12
10|
s norDa) equahons ce,
15
Y-6-84tor5)
20
TyE5:8-051X
Yany is: X=foÉy
y toisyz
21=6Bo + 29
B=9
eshima:t Xuctet atyy
X=9l= 09X4
X=35
iea tast sgusuu guarluatte
aobdata
X |2 34 ahmati y (2.4).
Y|-2 8 2:3 3:2
ethe quacahc cuwe be, 2
The homal eg uaons Qu: 2
10
ZXy = doSx x? to
3:6 92 16
3 3 6.9 29 20 ?
y82 l6 128 64 51·2 Q56
l o 3 0 2 5 Jo0 8o& 35y
80-83ooto to0at35yoy
Oo 2 o5 d=Oi2
25
Y=2-0.5X +0.2x2
Yestime:ad= ustictes!o at x2y
30
Y=2-05x(24)
=J952
to2/2-y)
Date
to th felbaing
q9
data
5 12
X 2 1 Z=36
YT13 2) 23 7Y 15 2) Iy=l07
304
tet thy teast squaw shrai_lt ür ofyonx s. Ey200|
y=ota
lo9 =6oo t36d
10
22| =36ado + 30d
=0:69
124to89Y
2
OR S =h) 2
15
=6X304-f86) 6X200tftoy
=557
Sxy = N }xy- Ey
=6X 92/- 36X/02
= 994
Zegussion coefficient 520
itercept q= Y- bx lbecuse l t alieuys passeg
throug the
T=12s9
tguaton
2 Date
Find standau' erroy of estmat S
Tesfau Ho F=l2 agoinst B</2 at o o5 Los.
2
s
St = S Syy-tSry
Dh-2) Sxy
= 528x55?-(Uuy
¬/6-2)x 528
Sto peb o: B=)2
H! B<2
los: o= 5 ’005 toos () =2132
CR: h<30, lef one tated test
Sxe 526
SE 234
t= -l24
at
=-2y
toat to-ost9
decision Ho! qCcepF
249 2
0 S onficenc oteuio/ foy" = Sxx+hy?
30|
2:226
952,9359)
O89+06925
omeloHon
Analsis
Sorcdaud Fnor of eshimnate: yon x (Sy,)
Syx Sxy.
Sxy = Xesr)
AYesr-y
t Korl feorsOn Produet- Moment:
t Ysdoto,X and x =B+¢y be th least squaMj dugu
SSion oes
E y-y and =X
20 Y=
V2-Zy
Sd.
Sx=
N
N}Xy-}x}y
