NCERT Solutions For Class 9
Social Science Economics
Chapter 2 People as Resource
Economics Class 9 Ncert Solutions
Chapter 2 People as Resource
Question-1
What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?
Solution:
‘People as Resource’ is a way of referring to a country’s
working people in terms of their existing productive skills and
abilities. Human resource is an asset for the economy rather
than a liability. Population becomes human capital when there
is investment made in the form of education, training and
medical care. In fact, human capital is the stock of skill and
productive knowledge embodied in them.
Question-2
How is human resource different from other resources like
land and physical capital?
Solution:
Human resource is different in the following ways:
1. Land and other resources are fixed, limited and specified whereas human resources
can be nurtured through education and health.
2. Human resources can bring a change in other resources whereas other resources
can not change or affect human resource.
3. Human resource can make use of land and physical capital whereas land and
physical capital can not become useful on its own.
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Question-3
What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Solution:
Educated people find jobs in private firms while the
uneducated people continue with the same work as their
parents. They earn a meagre income like their parents, which
is just enough to support a family. Several years of education
adds to the quality of labour. This enhances their total
productivity. Total productivity adds to the growth of the
economy. This in turn pays an individual through salary or in
some other form of his choice. It is a known fact that with
investments made on education and health; one can yield a
high return in the future in the form of higher earnings and
greater contribution to society.
Question-4
What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Solution:
The role of health in human capital formation is as follows:
1. Healthier people have higher productivity because the health of a person helps him
to realise his potential and the ability to fight illness. On the other hand, an unhealthy
person becomes a liability for an organisation.
2. It improves the quality of life. A healthy person is able to do his work in a proper and
efficient way.
3. A healthy person makes greater contribution to society as compared to an unhealthy
person.
4. Good health enables a person to earn more and to be more regular in his work.
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Question-5
What part does health play in the individual’s working life?
Solution:
Health plays a very important role in an individual’s life
because as we all know health is wealth and only a healthy
person can work or perform to his full potential. An unhealthy
person can not work efficiently. A healthy person is able to
work harder and better, thus, earning more and living a better
life. If the body is healthy, only then one can perform well. So,
we can say that health plays a vital role in an individual’s life.
Question-6
What are the various activities are undertaken in the primary
sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?
Solution:
The various activities have been classified into three main
sectors i.e., primary, secondary and tertiary. The primary
sector includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry,
fishing, poultry farming, and mining. Quarrying and
manufacturing is included in the secondary sector. Trade,
transport, communication, banking, education, health,
tourism, services, insurance etc. are included in the tertiary
sector.
Question-7
What is the difference between economic activities and non-
economic activities?
Solution:
Economic Activities Non-Economic Activities The activities in
the third sector result in the production of goods and services.
Activities, which are not performed to earn money but to get
some satisfaction, are called non-economic activities. These
activities add value to the national income. These activities are
called economic activities. These activities are performed to
discharge social obligation or for physical fitness or for
recreation. Economic activities have two parts — market
activities and non-market activities.
Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who
performs. People visiting places of worship, providing relief to
the victims of flood and earthquake, engaging in sports
activities, gardening, listening to radio or watching television
are all examples of non-economic activities Non-market
activities are the production for self-consumption. The three
activities most often reported are cleaning, cooking, and
childminding.
Question-8
Why are women employed in low paid work?
Solution:
Women are paid for their work when they enter the labour
market. Their earning, like that of their male counterpart, is
determined on the basis of education and skill. A majority of
the women have meager education and low skill formation and
hence women are paid low compared to men. Most women
work where job security is not there.
Question-9
How will you explain the term unemployment?
Solution:
Unemployment is said to exist when people are willing to work
at the going wages but cannot find jobs.
Question-10
What is the difference between disguised unemployment and
seasonal unemployment?
Solution:
Disguised Unemployment. In case of disguised
unemployment, people appear to be employed but they are
not actually employed. Sometimes, in agricultural families,
eight people are working on a farm, whereas only four people
are needed to do that work. Thus, four persons are surplus and
they are not needed on the farm. They also do not help to
increase the production. If these four extra persons are
removed from the farm, the production from the farm will not
decrease. Therefore, these four persons appear to be
employed but are actually disguisedly unemployed.
Seasonal Unemployment. Seasonal unemployment happens
when people are not able to find jobs during some months of
the year. People dependent upon agriculture usually face such
problems. There are certain busy seasons when sowing,
harvesting, weeding and threshing are done. When the plants
are growing, there is not much work. During this period, they
remain unemployed and are said to be seasonally
unemployed.
Question-11
Why is educated unemployed, a peculiar problem of India?
Solution:
In the case of India educated unemployment has become a
common phenomenon. Many youths with matriculation,
graduation and post-graduation degrees are not able to find
jobs. A study shows that the unemployment of graduates and
post-graduate has increased faster than among matriculates.
A paradoxical manpower situation is witnessed as a surplus of
manpower in certain categories coexist with a shortage of
manpower in others.
Question-12
In which field do you think India can build the maximum
employment opportunity?
Solution:
Since agriculture is the backbone of India, India can build
maximum employment opportunities in agriculture-based
industries.
Question-13
Can you imagine some village that initially had no job
opportunities but later came up with many?
Solution:
Some of the measures in the education system to mitigate
the problem of the educated unemployed are:
1. Vocational education should be encouraged so that people do not have difficulty
getting jobs because they will be better trained for work.
2. More use of information technology should be made in giving education.
3. Education should be job-oriented.
4. More employment opportunities should be made available to the educated people in
the tertiary sector.
Question-14
Which capital would you consider the best — land, labour,
physical capital and human capital? Why?
Solution:
The capital I consider the best in Human Capital because
there are countries like Japan that have invested in human
resources as they did not have any natural resources. These
countries are developed and rich countries. They import the
natural resource needed in their country. They have invested in
people especially in the field of education and health. These
people have made efficient use of other resources like land
and capital. Efficiency and technology evolved by people have
made these countries rich and developed.
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