NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SRINAGAR
Construction Technology & Management
Dr. Dasari Karthik
Assistant Professor
INTRODUCTION
Construction Management
Focus of this course:
Process and the people who manage the process
If you are the one with a desire/passion to deal
the intellectual challenges of a construction
engineering, technology as well as business, yet
not able to cope up with certain thick things
involved and for which you are willing to put a
great effort, ultimately for producing a tangible
result. Which is something of with lasting value,
then construction management might just be a
perfect label for you.
Homes Offices Malls
MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION
Construction Management
> Execution
Project Management
> Start to Closeout
Construction Project Management
> Fine-tuned System
Construction Project management is a highly professional system designed to
facilitate planning, coordination and control of a project from inception to
completion.
KEY TERMS IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Activity > Work (to be carried out)
Concreting, Brickwork, Plastering, etc
Task > Job (to complete)
Masonry, Casting, etc
Resources > Things required
Labour, Materials, Tools, Machines, etc
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
A Construction project is an effort aimed to provide a
service or product that consumes specific resources
concerning to activities
Organized Defined Scope
(Resources) (purpose)
Constraints
Time Cost Quality
UNIQUE FEATURES
of a construction project
One-time activity
Complexity
High cost, time & risk
Individual relationship
Quality definition
Feedback
Lack of stakeholder experience
Untrained workers
Project Phases
Initiation/ i. Conceptual
Idea
ii. Project Strategy
Project iii. Estimate
Concept
iv. Approval
Feasibility
Pre-Project Project Post-Project
Phase Phase Phase
Phases of a construction project
Pre-project phase tasks
• Task force will be assigned
• User’s need
• Define work quality
• Secure funds
• Estimate cost and time
• Cost approval
• Technical specs
• Safety & health
• Selection criteria
• Advice to task team
• Establish milestones
• Set responsibilities of parties
• Change order system
• Design criteria
• Feasibility studies
Project Phases in Construction
Design
Detail
Initiation/ Tendering
Idea phase
Execution
Completion
Pre-Project Project Post-Project
Phase Phase Phase
Phases of a construction project
Design related tasks
• Documents
• Qualifying designers
• Analyze contractors
• Selecting team
• Negotiation
• Provide information
• Monitoring progress
• Evaluation & updating
• Review
• Monitoring quality
• Updating drawings & specifications
• Using standards for quality
Tendering and execution related tasks
• Pre-qualification process
• Provide necessary information
• Negotiation
• Reviewing
• Clarifications
• Necessary precautions and decisions
• Controlling
• Enforcements
• Quality control
• Quality assurance
• Establish acceptance criteria
• As-built information gathering
Project Phases
Design
Detail
Initiation/ Utilizationn
Tendering
Idea phase Close-down
Execution
Completion
Pre-Project Project Post-Project
Phase Phase Phase
Phases of a construction project
INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
• Second largest industry
• More than 5 % to country’s GDP
• Employees more than 30 million personnel
INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Favorable factors
• Low cost labour
• Qualified professionals
• Large no of companies
Un favorable factors
• Low productivity & Low skilled workers
• High cost & complicated tax structure
• Lack of finance & technology backup
• Low R&D investment & less importance to
the alternative methods
BASIC SECTORS OF CONSTRUCTION
Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings Environmental Construction
Heavy Civil Construction
Industrial Construction
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
COMMERCIAL BUILDING
HEAVY CIVIL CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRUCTION
Cons. Mngt. FUNCTIONS
Estimating the Project
Administering the Contract
Managing Job Site & Construction Operations
Planning and Scheduling the Project
Monitoring Project Performance
Managing Project Quality
Managing Project Safety
Assessing Project Risks
Risks Allocation
Risk Type Responsible Party
Contractor Owner Designer
Site Conditions
Weather Conditions
Project Funding
Subcontractor Failure
Job Site Safety
Material Deliveries
Work Quality
Work Delays
Defective Design
Defective Work
Code Compliance
Estimate Errors
Labour Strikes
Proj. Mngt. Function
Defining the need of work
Establishing the extent of work
Monitoring the progress of the work
Adjusting deviations from the plan
Main Elements of Project Management
Cycle of Activities
Knowledge Areas
Process Groups project integration management
initiating project scope management
planning project time management
executing project cost management
controlling project quality management
closing project human resource management
project communications management
project risk management and
Project procurement management
Why Construction Management?
no other discipline that is more difficult than construction project management
surprised?
seems simple enough like building a project
• on time
• within budget
• with the stated quality standards
• in a safe environment.
Participants / Stakeholders
Owner (Client)
Design Professionals
Architect
Engineer
Engineering-Construction Firm
Construction Professional
Participants / Stakeholders
Owner (Client)
Design Professionals
Architect
Engineer
Engineering-Construction Firm
Construction Professional
Project Manager & Construction Manager
Project Manager Duties
Clear definitions of the goals of the
project.
Investigate alternative solutions for the
problems.
Develop a detailed plan to make the
selected program reality.
Implement the plan and control the
project.
Participants / Stakeholders
Owner (Client)
Design Professionals
Architect
Engineer
Engineering-Construction Firm
Construction Professional
Project Manager & Construction Manager
Lawyer, Insurer etc.
Project Organization
Ch 5 (Syllabus)
&
Ch 2 (KN Jha Book)
Construction Company
Functions
General administration
Estimating
Managing contracts and personnel
Design
Engineering
Purchasing/procurement
Accounting
Managing field construction
Authority
power granted to individuals to make final decisions
Responsibility
obligation incurred by individuals to effectively perform assignments
Accountability
state of being totally answerable for the completion of a specific assignment
Forms of
Business Organization
Sole Proprietorship
Partnership
Corporation
Limited Liability Company (LLC)
Private Limited Company
Public Limited Company
Government Enterprises
Joint Ventures
Organizational Structure
Line or Military Type Organization
Line Organization
Advantages
Easiest to establish
Simplest to explain
There is a unity of control.
There is a strong sense of discipline.
Employees with fixed role and responsibility.
Decisions can be quickly taken
Line Organization
Disadvantages
Expectation from the authority person
Advice from the bottom people may go
unnoticed
Lack of specialized skill of experts.
Line and Staff Type Organization
Line & Staff Organization
Advantages
Line employees execute on staff advices
Opportunity for the growth of employees
Higher quality in decisions
Line & Staff Organization
Disadvantages
Lack of well-defined structure
Mostly suitable for large organizations
Conflict may arise
Difficult to differ line function vs staff function
Departmental
Organization
Centralized Functional
Advantages
Simple reporting
Functions were logically organized
Strategic direction is easy to attain
Minimized duplication of efforts
Tight control at top
Centralized Functional
Disdvantages
Over-specialization and narrow vision
Limited development of PM’s
Difficulty in achieving economic growth
Lack of coordination between functional
departments
Decentralized Multidivisional
Advantages
Decision making is quick and simple
Focus is on end result
Output and responsibility easy to identify
Each division can be a profit centre
Corporate executives can be removed
Motivation and development enhances
Decentralized Multidivisional
Disdvantages
May not be cost-effective
Lack of coordination
Difficulty in customer relations and R and D
activities
ORGANIZING FOR
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Classical (Functional)
Pure Project or Product Management
Matrix Organizations
MANAGEMENT LEVELS
DIRECTOR
PRESIDENT
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
FUNCTIONAL MANAGEMENT
PROJECT MANAGER
Know how company works
Provide aid to project and support companies
Independent assessment of project
Ensure planning and milestones
Ensure control procedures
PROJECT MANAGER SKILLS
Human Adaptability
Conceptual Inventiveness
Technical Prudent risk-taker
Attitude Fairness
Common sense Commitment
Open-Mindedness Conflict resolution
Adaptability
Strategies for Enhancing the Performance of a Project Manager
To Increase the Pre-appointment Training
To Establish a Mentor System
Careful Selection of Potential Project Manager
To Identify the Career Path Requirement Early
Determining Which Key Skills to Foster
PROJECT MANAGER
Important Traits
Team building skill
Contract Implementation Skill
Project Organization Skill
-End
