9:1 DEFINImON

ordinaryy
In
AND
ELEMENTARYRÜLESE

differentiation(not invoving vectors), the derivative t

wherey=f(01
is
VECTOR
dx h0

dependfor its value n

defined as,
Consider vectorr, which may scalar variable t, the
functional
Here we have vector function r -F(t)
= depending upon:scalar variable t.
Corespondingto achangeSt in t, let there be a change &r in r i.e.
relaüonship being
&r = t+80 -F(0
defined as
The vector derivative can now be
lim
dt

dr
This limit when exists is denoted by F Oor dt and is called rote of
the same way as the scalar derivative and all the laws of scalar change of r with respect
To interpret physically, consider a point P on the curve diferentiation can be
to+Thus,he
whose position vector is suir tably extended vedio
diferent points on the curve. Lett change by an amountt8t
and the point P 0etdeK
Consider the vector St
move to [Link] r +r to
Cor esponding podsiihoenrent vevldories
be the
do
t

Nowtaking the limittas &t ’ 0, ie. Q’ P, lim PO lim &r dr

&t’0 &t &t’0 8t dt
In the limiting case when Q-’ P, the vector PO assumes the position of tangent
P(See Fig. 9.1). vector at P. Thus
In particula, if t is the time
represents thetatarngert vc
variable, PQ represents displacement vector then dr
dt
represents the velocity vector
dr
Thus, in general dt will represent tangent vector denoted by T and in
particular when t is the time variable
vector denoted by V. The second and
higher order derivatives can be
defined in the same way as first order denate
represents acceleration vector denoted by a.
In aother particular case, if the arc
PQ Ss and P, Q are very close to each othher, chord PQ is
from the distance formula, approximately equalto arc Qiaaa
& a+ 8y+ &(See Fig. 9.1)
Dvding by ds and taking the limit as Q Por &s ’0

(9.1)
 (9.2) VECTOR DFFERENTLATION

WEMATICs

8vepesents
langent
vector

tangentvector
dr alsorepresentsa
ds

xi"yi+zk

dr

d i
ds

unit magnitude denoted byT.

vectorratP with
be easily established.
langent followingresults can
a
repesents derivative,
vector
of
definition
the
Fpm

[Link]

d udu
dt
dy
- du +u dt

u.y occur is maintained]

xThe dy orderin which
U
dw
dyuxv:
du.w +u Xt

ocCur is maintainedi
in which u, y, w
INete: fo (v), (V) and (i) order
depending upont,
) s is any scalar
du

du - ds
Sdtdt

du
(o) fs is constant,

Note: Since=is not defined, hencedt is also not defined or has no meaning.

Iuky, vxy) are vector functions of scalarsx,y the partial derívatives are defined as

du lim
it the limits
exist.
DtVECTOR
FreRENTATION
be easity tie laWIS aspeed
2011)
(May
carn s
and be my ihis
angular
can where object
defined results P(x.
y)
(mV). the constant 9.2
Fig.
similarly Following of
= accelerationwith
F
be functions that r
radius 2k
can 2-6t +
states
the of k +4j
scalar motion is circle z= +(4t-6)=4i
a' a
where aaBong
y=4t-3, (Th2 i-z-k
i+4+-2k
2i+4+-2.
for of +4j
calculus law 2t-6t.
[Link]
moving ETELUSTRATIONSA
second 8j t+1, 7 =
sin 2t R=T,and
in
partial dV 89dt -ro
= =
derivatives used Newton's P
particle r dt z4t-3, x= 2V6
(9.3) =
+
0i 0j
cos )o
sin where 7
dt ¡
-2k + j +
6

those F rcos T-r

curves. becomes aConsider j +r ai) y= +4j
partial differentiation
to = d dt +rcos 0sin centre. +1, 2. k,
similar
along this +yË 8
-rsin ei
dt -(-rcos
-r the
= +z
att
2i
= 4
+
4
+
16
order : xi ei towards =x and +yi Thl 16 +
are particles then Circle
[Link]
APPLCATIÖNS = = sin
(-rcos equations V4+ V16
1
higher vectors constant a OP dr (-r = xi dt
-du Along directed
tat
=
tangents
=
(CML) and of dynamics. = = = =
the r
i,
of motion Particle r V a
is t, dV dt is
by
n
m w.r.t accelerationgiven between
- the Ifobjectof Differentiating
tw.r.t again
MATHEMATICS
The
mixed
derivatives dx a study is
dx of of Constant.
=
Differentiating 1:Acurve
angle
study the the Motion the
aindudes or in the
[Link]: monentum Consider, Hence,
Ex Find
useful Plane dt Sol.: and
ENGINEERING for
Rules or
9.2 Inis quite
 VCTOR BeeNARON NGNEERNd MATHEMATCS- tt (cy (9.5)

tr $:f t 0 show that r hds dconstant direction.

Sol.: Lett tr,where r isa unit vector in the direction of r and r iri

dr dr
dt dt r

dt* r x r

dr
Now, r xdt 0 (qiven)
dt 0

or r xdr
dt
=0 (asr 0]
CosE
oe cos)
Ex 3 or the caex * cos tye sin tzed fnd he Again, we have rr = 1
So velacity ond accelerotion of the particle moving on the r
dr
curve att= O. dt 0

) implies dr is parallei to r ()
ie' cost-e' sintË 7(e' sin t implies is perpendicular to r
+ecos t) + kte' both cannot be true simuitaneously,
ie cos t-esin t -e' sint-e cos tt
++te' sin t +e cos t + e' cos t-e' sin t} + dr
i2esint + 2e'cos t) + k(et dt = 0
kie
which means r has constant direction and hence r has constant
direction

Ex 4:
Note:Conversely, let r=r has constant direction, ie. dt =0, then dt
rsthe position vector of oporticle of mass m
w.r.t. O os origin and F is the
thot the moment of F about Ois external force on
the particle, then showW
given by M dH
=where
dt H = r xmV and Vis the
velocity the particle.
of
Sol.:

dH Ex 6:If du and dv
dt dt wx\. prove that(ü x) =wxüxi).
Sol. :
LHS. üxi)
Thus, dH
dt
 (9.6) VECTOR DsRENTTATmON
tHGRERING MATHEMATICStt ecry vETOR ereRENTATON

(vw)0 -(kw
*(v)u -(w0)v
5. Ifr mt +b ft, hera a, b econtant vectors sh tht saiees ertaleai

dr2 - (m n)
z = -5. Find components of velocity and acceleration ot t = l in the
ex= 22. y=t-4,
(Dec. 2006) 6. If r d 0, then show that r has constant magnitude

(Hint

7. Prove that (May 2005)

4tit(2t-4)j+2k
(Hint:(a a 6] =0)
Fcos t5in where is
function ofascaiar vatle t cieem te
8. If a and bare constant vectors and Fis a vector
constant, then show that:

Crcie
perpendicular to is radius vector Show that s path sa
= 4i +2j 9. An electron moves such that its velocity is always

(Hint: Given -r =0 or
dt
angle with -ais
x = cos t y = sintI=makes constant
10. Show that tangent at any point on the cuve
Vi+9+4 [Hint:T : dr
Ans. ¢ = cosl

ycomponent along
Ans. - 28 i +30 -
11. If r() =ti+tj -2k, then evaluate

seaion component along

d constant (in) r dt
0. (Ma
12, If r =a sinh t + b cosh t, then prove that () dt dtd

cosht +5 sinht sinh t +5 cosht xa =5x6 =0)

(Hint:
at time t is
EXERGISE9.1 13. The position vector ofa particle
me k
Lind the angle between tangents to the curve : r =cos (t-1) i +sinh (t -1) j + acceleration is normal to the positon vect
by requiring that at time t = 1, the
Find the condition imposed on m (May 2008, Dec. 201
t 2 i +(4t-5)1 +(22-60k t t =0 and t 2. (May 2010) Ans.
6m k and Ta - 01
[Hint :()hi=ai +mk. (a)l= - a i +
48 (0)r a s
ATeti-22j+k att= land t=2. Ans.17164 14. Prove that if a particle moves
always on the surface of the sphere 0 r a t V
V= 0

+)j-tantk, find velocity and lacceleration at t 0. Ans,-i -k, i.2j

 direction. where (Gradient Nabla. examplesspace
scalar usefu.
found
aite vetor [Link] Deoe MATHEMATICS-L ENGNEERDNG
9.3
Let ToThis Consider, When (G) required
Level these If In ()
scalar point corntoning oestng point potentiapoint GRADIENT, We 13.
n interpret result SCatoene
be it Operator levelSurface
of Vector bott Mint:condtons
function
PO functionoperates f°nction unction. he
a has of with des vetor
vector Gradient many Scalar "Del'surtace. all : Point ett oint these
=r Let scalar or
normal+5r-r
has Gad (x on those results
scalar
Velocity. PressUre
Function:Ifa other
DvERGENCE
are quantties
Function: simtaneous
values oruseful y, Polnt or A0at satisfies
V¢ z). scalar a Nabla' poÝnts can point
to applications.
physically, dr = Function
This point be
function
Force, examples in
awhich the
and where,converted
the is Ruid FaSOuions]
level
=
8r + idk ii alsO point (): functiorn Electric
vector usuatlv scaiar areAND t0 equation
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and consider6
surface respectively +jdy (Ky,
Intensity a so
vector y.) into quantity scalar quantity CURL
often where
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+ y.
spherical and
=c
the
level
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Gradient
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et. accordino
encountered
F debends m,cE
e,
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depends
at surfaces we and
P, Fig. ¢or value examples
point
n 9.5). sinply get operator or to for in Hare
be a cylindrical
is for asits vector ts
through function
a vector called and of its thesedepthvalue constents
unit Grad i is vector value analysts,
quantity defined o ouantities on
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ax
the
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at solution
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Following along derivatives, constant.

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But Writing Since Above For We Let
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uVy+ Vu deductions
V(u+v) IVO ad can the 0
shows PP'= relation be
of clear represents easily rate between
xy= V direction
its an &n of
anglethe
for =definition, that that see change
follow
Vu has = clearly
a the rate V projection that
at +
from the directional is the (grad ) VÙ-drE shows
1, v given maximum of alinmd rate of
1, change
VÙ
= d d dr
1). the vector by of that ofalong
definition: represents = = PQ Sn change vectors
VÙa.
diferential derivative value. of
dn
V. along the
in
n dr
dr
dn
the as n direction
of
and
&r
() (0) For of any maximum dnnomal. cos makmum
is
(0 V anyoperator along S10 of and n
(au) V
scalars
other (n A
(u nommal let Pp
LLUSTRATIONS
= =
-v)=
Vbehaves PQ direction rateof dr) We
along
aVu. VU-UV u is have n.
where Vu-Vv and the
v scalar and change
which of
dn
the &n, (9.9)
like normal then
=xi r
is
ordinary resolute termed n A

dr direction represents
yË
differential of as
+zB V4 Directional is
in along the
that rate
operator the
direction Derivative. of
outward
D= The
Among drawn
it nomadt
teal
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e tat
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te
drection pointthe vector rectonal
di
standraersdut

the
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to +2k
i
nomal 1,-2)(2, +2/ derivatie

of
p=
|V{) =

imi+yjm2
mx+j+z my
NAS-(M)
x+ This
x+? y is Mm2.x mr
at
(,
also mry+
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-1,
k and 9.z0)
9
ot
1),
standard
as
a m2z (on
(1,
2, putting
2).
result.
x
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1)

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2015,
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irection Dlrectional along Direcdonal
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ory"
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+
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cos V
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2b) (ar+ ty' s ecos V3) alon
direction
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i 41.z+
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20k j
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2
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derivative derivative : two two
We
VÙ-A=C at 6=a
A of not a 3a is
(20+
2ac+ ü
at (3, (, AF y). derivative
at that, 4b +
A 2) y) VÙ = the 2b 2
(3,2) towards towards
- c)) (V). 15 15 a
+
4c +
c -2j
i
point
towards or
(2-3)+ of 2010, (o + L.) =
t
=
C V(18a2+
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27
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4) -10, (6 184)?
point point
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is -4

D(3, A
b+ + 104
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= 2b)2 +
5 (9.13)

i=2i) +
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point
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(2,3) B

is
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towards

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zx+a(y.z) + that As -j 4k find
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the
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+ ABEH parallel xiyj (9,15)
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an DIEFERENTIATION
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in flux
curl a div
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of V
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Given rotation.
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function Vx interpreterelation
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angular scalar
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v cur-$
lv = = = is
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=
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M
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u, + field.
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+ v. (wgX
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02) of do
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e
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+
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u) · Vu(ou)
+ + V D. VÙ
V9xu Vu U expression) (uv) =
the procedure. RH.S.
x(ou) +
D, (9.18).
proof
(uv)
of V
vector being

identities, vector

differential
but
is
quite
operator,
useful

in it DIFFERENTIATION
VECTOR
duz solution behaves

(Dropping
suffixes)the of
problems. like
an
operator

which as and MATHEMATIcS-m

ENGINEERING
(CVIL)
which thanV-andu constant,
renembering Using Using (3)
Using establishes Dropping
(4) Students suffixes,the
or
and Using
Consider, or (S)
establishes
Dropping
symbolic we
the syrmbolic
a
x are write property
the (b advised the that
the
suffixes must x procedure result. procedure,
V, c) curd a(bx of ?(u
result. =Vx(u Vx 9-(u V- V
Grad (u Vx % precede
etc. v (a (u (uLH.S. to (u must scalar (u
v)u
(u and x
(u (ux x xv)
establish
xv) xv) x xv)
(u
xv) putting x x c) x) ie. v) immediately c)triple ie. v)
v) ) v) b V = = V
-(a =behaves =RHS. = the -u-(Vxv) = product
-b
behaves v
= = =
the-() x(u u(-v)
u -U v(7x
u (-)u (v
u (V, b) result ( (a cut
x(Vxv) values Div by
x(V, u Curi
x
v)u c like
x)
precede xc) like
-0u
and x) actually
by u)
v -(u of
differential (k- -(ucomponents +v-(Vxu) =c- differential -u
x) + + -(uremembering + - +v(, cur!
v (x
(u (u 9, obtaining as (a
+ yv. )vv 9v+ (uxv)
(u x v+(v u x
b)
-)v )v, (u
oparator
(ku-Div u xu) is operator v)
(v)u and x) -u-v(v- to (9.19)
vx dotmethod be
that
V, D and treated
Curt x(Vx = i.e. D
x when
u -(u)v (u d cross taking
+(v)u u) x u as
v) is products constant
(v+ in to u) u
(1), be u
)u we treated i+uzj and
get
as + must
constant uz
k precede
etc.
u.V
and DIFFERENTIATION
VECTOR
proving u
as
(Dropping
suffixes)the is v
meaningful is
to
be
treated
rather
(1) (1
 Let teouentiywthichisa
Thus wrtE
canWe

Operato write
carnWe MATEMATTCs-T
FNGINEIRNE
(CVTU
t(Vu)= curi (L Gring
i ReuttxPttng
Tx
Grad encountere
seconc s Simitart
(o) ind
Gradecomponent
Divergence
-Veor
¢ the
= or order eguoient nd
Grad 0 vatN
curi
(V)Vx
= in
differential f
Div x
(VÙ) engineering
Grad method, cn of
u eressions
atso
= (u-
(Vx the be
operator v
probiems. established and
expressions
V)
dy
)) - secOnd
for
V
= and
(U
0
is involving by v)
known order
component in
(1)
as differentiai
second the
Lapladan requircd
method
ordet
.R0)
operators. result
operator differential
is
established.
and
operators
the
zx equation
can
also
V
= be
0 obtained.
is
z called
DIFFERENTIATION
VECTOR
Laplace (Dropping
suffixes)the

equation,

or
ENGINEERING
Instead (5) Thus
(4)
V(ou) V.a
V(a)=a
rot Ù Divergence
Vx V.
div V(f of
F F = (Vxu)or
taking (Vxu)
= (u) MAATHEMATICS
0, = V-F = VÙ"
= Vx curi f(u)
=
curl
(Vu) dr Vx
Vx(Vxu) a u or
F = x( = Diy
a
=0
=xF=2 (u) (Vxu) Uj
curl u
(Vxu)
+ = curl
xo i curl
0. -
VÍ + (Note u
u = = = u2j u (crVIL)
dy
dx
z V(V-u)-(
vvu)- (a-)b + that dx
z Ugk, oydx
etc.,
Dus_(a(udu Scalar

2u
-(a-5) triple àz az.
. we
)u find ay GyJz
UST . product
dz
the
ox
" OFFORMULAE equivalent with
ab) oydx (9.21)
Vx
v.r=3,
vxr=0 point VxF V.F D.D. V
(0u) (au) V(uv) two y
function =
u
= 0»F
of = expression identical dz
= = aVu UVV+
=
(Vxu)+ 0 ’Fs
0 =
dxày)
dy
dz
V-a
such is
vVu
vectors u
solenoidal by
VÙxu irrotational,
that using
is
F zero)
= the
Vo. property
then
there
DIFERE
VECTOR

exists
scalar
 ONGAMATHEMATICS-m(aVy
(9.22)
VECTOR DtFFERENTIATION ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-I (L)
C.u xv)v (Vxu) -u -(x
x(xvy)* (u Ex. 2:Find curl curl Fat the point (9, 1, ) wtere,
V+vx(xu)+ (v 9u
x() =0
Sol
v' 0is (VxE)
x(¢) = 0; (xu) 0 Laplace equation
Curd curl u=Vx(V xu) =V
-u)= x(®xu) +2
Group operator saVa1
(-u)-9y
ie-)io-0)+ke
(a -Vr=a
ILLUSTRATIÖNS Vx(Vx)
1:Gven v
=i+~yzj +(1+ 2a) k, =xy +yz +. Z-y 0 yz
wou () Pxv (ü) P-(ou) (iv Vx(ov) ot (1, 0, -1).
cui cud Fat (0, 1, 2) = 2i +4j
Ex. 3:For constant vector a, show that,

[Vulao-) = 3 () Vx(a xr) =20

(Dec. 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, May 2009, 2018)

dx dy where, r =y+
*? 2yz (1+ 22) Sol.: 0 Here, xi*yj zk
Let
= i(0-2) +j(0-0) +k(0-0) = -2y i -

and

v la.o-y s 0+0-2k -2k (60)

Aso = 3a -a
la,-) =y +yz+ uo-y=1, (V uao-y =3
= 2a
.-(0u) =-2k(-2j -4+10) =2+3=5

: VÙxv as Vxv =0
 VECTOR DIFFERENTATTON ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS - M (aVI) (9.25)

(OK s006 2007,. 2009, 2017:; May 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011)
(May 2007, 2009; Dec. 2005, 2014)
(ip

Let f) = ef fo =ef, fo = e
VECTOROT O
Next, F() =

(::r 3)
and

and

by resut

= x a xrr-, Ex 6: For a solenoidal vector field E, show that curl curl curd curl E = E.
(Dec. 2010, May 203
... (1) Sol. : E being solenoidal,
Consse v.E = 0
=-3r -Srr- 3r -3 =- 3r-3r -3 = 0 ...(2) curl curl E Vx (Vx E)
Tresteng operator a tike operator D = V(v.E)-([Link]
= -y2F
e

. curl curl curl curl E = curl curl F

5

... (3)

frorm (2) and (3). (By commutative property of partial derivatves

Show thot

derdr (Moy 2007, 2009, Dec. 2007, 2009) Ex. 7: IfpÄ= VA prove that E. curE =0 (May 2006, Dec 2011)
Sol. :
(Dec. 2006, 2009, 2010)
curl E =
Sol. :
=

vvxE] (eya -(6x) 5-(cxa))

. 2to . (i-ta). +fo fa
 EL L9: adding(1)
Sol.:(0 @ 10 For G
P(r
xa)-
With
:
V(Vy-
scalar
and(2), MATHEMATICS
Vx(axo (r
usual functions
axxb)) notations, -
n
x) xr) b=
uv) and (aVL)
xir show =V(Vy) + = w, =
= = = xa) V(y) show
axb V Vx(a-)b that -a)v
(a-) +
(la- a that

xb r)b (a-b) - x(r -V(v)

+ -(ab) xb)
V(yv) (r-ra
=0
(ar)
r (9.26)
Vxb r)
-v(a-b) r)

xr
-(a-b)

(Vx
)

DIFFERENTIATION
VECTOR
[a,b
(Dec.
being
2008)
2005,
(May 2010,
constant
2006)
(May
May
vectors] 2012) ...(2) (..1)

MATHEMATICS-m
ENGINEERING
(aVIL)
which
Sol : Ex. (i) Sol.: (i) Ex. and Also, ()
shows 12 11:
[Link] ( vou) prx a
that Show : x(r
We Prove
have,
xu)
F that = that (r
is =
rx(Vxu) xa)
irrotational. F
= Vx(r r -(r
(6xy Vx
V(c-u) (P-u)
(u v(ru) RHS. LHS
LH.S.
(r) LHS. xb) LHS
6xy + xu) x)
To 2) -(r- +
= + (r- =
= = = = = = = = =
find
i-1+1) i
+ = = = = = = Du-2u 9u RH.S, 2 2r, -(r
(a2(b-a)
bx(rxa)
(3x-)j r(Vu) v (r p V(rx
orresponding 3r-z r u(7v)
r(:u) rx(xu)
rx(Vx) (a- (r)(a
V
+u b) r- b) v x(r xa) trxb)
which
+
u) r
(b - r (a- xa) r-b x a)-(r
-(r-Vu+u
+ (r- b)=
-(r
3-y + -(r - (r-b) -
(3z2- j (3x2-y)
vu -9 (u- (r-)u
(r-
+ + proves ax(rxb)
r)a - 0,
b)
b) -b (px)5 xb)]
scalar
32) u v a + a (r (r-a) -
-
+(u-9r +()u+u (a -
the -
k -2u (r (r
consider
, +
k is +ux(x)
(u-)r + resuit. -
a) b) - a)
- (r- (927)
(6x irotational -3)u b -r a) b)
u (a- b a,
- [
the 6x) -u(-)-vVu) )
= b a-(rb)
relation 0 (Dec. Find b)
= =b
scalar
2004,

2008, such g

Nov.
that
F
2015, = (:Vr by
PA (:Pxr interchanging
May DIFFERENTIATION
VECTOR
2006, =
3.
(u =
2007,
)r (u)r 0. 2015)
(Nov. dot

2016) and
=
u) =u) cross)
 (9.29)
ENGNtERING MATHEMATTCS n (CM) ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS - m
(ML)

VECTORDIF ERNn
(0.28) VECTOR DIFFERENTIATION

Fis conservative. dÙ = F. dr
but

- .2r dr dr
(6xy )i+ (3x?-z)j (3Nz?- y) k idx + j dy +kdz)
- (6xy z) dx (3N?-) dy + (3xz?-y) dz
- (6xy dx 3x dy) + (2 dx + 3xz² dz)- (z dy + y irrotational and determine f) such
dz) Ex 15 : Show that the vector field fo) r is always that the field is
integrating. we get
d (31 d( ) -d(vz) such that p2f(c =0 solenoidal alaso. Also
fre n
= 3xy+x -yz + Sol. : Consider Vx f() r = ( f(O) × r+ f() ( x r)
Alternativey, we can use
de = F ci (6xy " ) dx + (3x° - 2) dy + (3x2° - y) dz
Integrat1ng,
we msct ke
[Link]
y&z costants
[Link] y, free from W.r.t z Hence the vector field f(r)r is irotational. Now, for vector field f)r to be solenoidal.
x &z constant free from x&y
¢ = (3Ny ) + (-zy) + (0) + c [f) r] = 0
y " z'x- yz +c = vf()·r +f(O [Vr)
V-(fo)
Ex 13 : Show thot F (re cos z)i + (xe cos z) j - sin zk is irotational Find corresponding scalar g such that F = VA
rr+3 fr) =f'()r+3f()
(Dec. 2004, 2008, Nov. 2015, May 2006, 2007, 2016)
k . f()r+3 f(r) = 0 or

So!
On integrating.

ye cos z xecos z e sin z log f(r) + 3 log r = log C log f() r3 = log C

= i(-xe sin z + xe sin z) + j(ye sin z + y e sin z) f() r3 = C fo)

k (e cos z + Xy e cos z - e cos z - xy e cos z) Now, to find f() such that yf) = 0, we have
= 0

d¢ = VÙ r = F. dr
= F dx + Fz dy + F; dz
ye cos z dx + x e cos z dy - e sin z dz
coS z (y e dx + xe dy) -e sin z dz f(or
= cos z d (e) + ed (cos z) On integrating.
= de cos 2)
log f'() + 2 log r = log C1
e coszc
or log f') = log C
Altermatively, using de = F- dY = (ye cos z) dx + (xe cos z) dy - (esin z) dz
integrating. using rule = e cos z+c or
f ()

Ex 14:Show that F = Prscoservotive and obrain the scolar potential associoted with it (May 2007) Again integrating, we have
Sol!

= 0+o
 THEMATICS-- m(CVL) (9.30) VECTOR DIFFERENTIATION
MA ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS - M
(GVIL) (9.31) VECTOR DtEFËRENTLATION
iree-r)rl is irototional Hence find scolar potentiol 4 S. Ifux+y, v=x-y+z w= (2x +1 +(2y- z then show that Vu, 7v, Pw are coplanar vectors.
6. Showthat V u) du {u) Vu. (Dec 2004)

7. If vy, V2 are the vectors which join the fixed points P (<1. y, z, Q Y» ) to the variable point R(x, y. z) then, show that

(Hint : Let 0 be the origin a and b be position vectors cf fixed points, P, Qrespectively and OR =
t(°xa) +vrxa +(a r, then vË = - a and

8 Find the directional derivative of =4x-3rzat (2, -1 2)

(0 In the direction 2i -3 j +6k. (Dee. 2015)
C s0 Fis irrotational. () Towards the point i+j-k
dÙ E V¢ dr (i) Along a line equally inclined with co-ordinate axes,
=V (v) Along tangent to the curve x=e cost y e' sin t, z=e'at t=0. (May 2005)
oti is irotational, therefore F
Ans.) 140 140
9. Find directional derivative of o=y+ yz at (2, -1, 1) along theline 2(- 2) =(y " ) =
10. Find the directional derivative of the function e-y- at (1, 1. 1) in the
(2-1). (Dec 2007, May 2017)
direction of the tangent to the curve x=e
y= 2 sin t+1,2 =t- cos tat t=0. (Dec 2009, May 2018)
11. Find the directional derivative of fat (1, 2, -1) where fx. y, z) =y +yz "z along Ans, - 5N/6
rdla)+ (a normal to the surtace x 4y +y'z
(:-dr =rd)
at the point (1, 2, 0). (Dec. 2009, Nov. 2015)
Arns.-5
E rda)+ (a-) drad r(a-) 12. If the directional derivative of o= a (x + y) + b (y +z) +c(x +2) has maximum value 12
in the direction parallel to the line
= ra") +c find the values of a, b, c.
1 2 3
k1:Evaluote [ +ydy
+2 0long the cunve r() =e cos ti+esint+ from 1. 0) to (2r 0 13. Find the values of the constants a, b, c so that the directional derivative of = axy byz + t at (2, 1 1)
has a maximum
magnitude 12 in a direction parallel to x-axis. Ans. a' = 4 b =-16, c 2
x = e cos t, y =e sint 14 The directional derivative of a given function f%, y) at a point P(2, 3) in a direction
dx = (e cos t- e' sin) dt, dy = (e sint +e cos t) dt towards Q(1-1) is Vi7 and in a direction
towards R(-2, 1) is [Link] the directional derivative of fx, y) at P(2, 3) towards the point S(6, 2). -68
Ans 717
12 fe(cos' t- sin teos t +sin' t +sin t cos t) dt 15 Find the constants a and b, so that the surface ar - byz =(a " 2) xwall be orthogonal to the surface 4x' y +z'= 4
at the
1=ly=0correspond tot = 0. point (1, -1,2). (Dec. 2004) Ans. a=, b =l
I-24 y =0 correspond tot = log 2r.
log 2r 16 Evaluate (0 V (r), (Dec. 2007, 2017, May 2018) () (rV (V) Ans. () 3r+4, ()
bg 21
= log 2t 17 Show that

EXERGISE 92 =0 (Dec. 2006, 2007, 2011, May 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010)
1 Find VÍ for (0 =log ( y +z) (i) =2x-xy at (2,-2, 1)
Ans. ()
2-nn
a n (a-)r. (Dec. 2006, 2008, May 2017)
18 Show that
For u 3y?i +2gyj -yk, v=yzi 2yj +k, =3-y
0 log ) = (May 2008, 2012, 2016)
find (Ù) Vu, () u V¢. (iiD) V(u), (i) Vxv, (May 2012) () Vx(¢u), (v) u xV at (1, 2, -1).
n(o-2) (Dec. 2004, 2005, 2006, 2011, 2016; May 2008, 2009, 2015, 2017)
Ans.() 28, (0) 48, (Gi0 188, (v) 2i +3 k,()i -72j +129 k, (v) 6
. HF=y 22) i +(2-xy+y)j +(+)k then show that curl F at (1,2,) and (2, 3, 12) are
orthogonal. = 0. (Dec. 2007, 2008, 2014)
4 F 2i-3yzj+zk and = 2x-'y, find () [Link], (G) Fx VÙ at the
point (1, 2, 1).
Ans. () 4, (0 37 i+14j+10 k
ENGINEERNG MATNEMATICS (C) (932)
VECTOR DIFFERENTIATION

(Dec. 2005; May 2012, 2018)

20 Prove thar bxrThg x) (May 2012)

21
tr bea postion vecter such that r rjandu bea diferentiable vector function, then using vector identities, prove tha.

22
log =(n (h+ 1) log r+2h +1) (Dec. 2006, 2008, 2009, 2016, May 2011)
For scalars and v. show that Vx(v) = T¢x Vy -Vx (vVo).

3F*"di*+j. +y)k then show that cu°l cui qut cuni F (+2)i++9j *+y)*)(Dec. 2007)
24 w is constant vector and v = w xr. prove that div v=0.
25
Prove thetF. is solenoidal. (May 2006)
26. Vsatisty Laplace equation, then prove that the vector (6Vy- yPÙ) is
solenoidal.
27. Show that F= XI is solenoidal field. (May
2016)
28 yi +j *k, F;=(a-)a then show that Fxy is solenoidal
29. TU and v are irrotational vectors then prove that u x v is solenoidal vector. (May 2008, Nov. 2015)
30. Very whether following felds are irrotational and if so, find corresponding potential 4.
@ sin z- sin x) i+( sin z+2y2) j+(ycos z+y) k. (May 2009)

@ (May 2007) (in (Y"r)a Ans.(9 Irotationa, xy sin z+cosx+ y', (0 notationallog r.G0 Irotational,;a
2

31
Show that the vextor field given by F=(y cos x+z) i +(2y sin j +22k is conservative and frnd scalar feld such that
F = Ve. (Dec 06, 07, May 2009, 2012, 2018) Ans. =ysin x+* +¢
32 If thevector feld F = (x+ y +az) i +(bx -3y -z) j +(4x +ó +2) k is irrotational, find a, b, cand determine such
thatF P¢. (Dec. 2007, May 2005, 2011, 2012)
Hit:V xF=i(c +1)-j4-a) +ko-2 =ö)
33. Show that F = tris inotational and obtain the scalar potential associated with it
34. Show thatf (2+ 6y) i+(6x -2y2) j+(3xz -ykis iotational. Find scalar potential ¢such that F V0.
(May 2018, 2017, Dec. 2014)
35. Show that vedtor fieldF=(-y) i+(-) j+-)k is irotational. Find scalar potential osuch that F= VÙ.
Ans. =/3 +yß+tB-y+c
36. Show that F= cos x+z)i+2y sin x-4) j +(3e' +2) kis inotational. Find scalar potentil ¢such that F=Ù.
Ans. o =y sin x+z'x - 4y +2z +c
O00