Cambridge O-Level Additional
Mathematics(4037)
Beaconhouse School System
Canal Side Campus- Boys
ADDITIONAL –MATHEMATICS(4037)
TOPICS FOR CLASS: IXC’s
Term I
1. Simultaneous Equations
2. Indices and Surds
3. Quadratic Expressions and Equations
4. Factor and Remainder Theorem
Term II
5. Logarithmic and exponential functions
6. Coordinate Geometry
7. Liner Law
8. Sequence and Series [Arithmetic Progression , Geometric Progression]
9. Binomial Theorem
Resources: 1. New Additional Mathematics
(Ho Soo Thong , Khor Nyak Hiong)
2. Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics (Second Edition)
(Sue Pemberton)
3. CAIE and IGCSE Examination Resource.
1
Simultaneous Linear Equations in two Unknowns
Simultaneous linear equations can be solved either by elimination or by substitution.
For proof that the solution is correct, only check, that by substituting the values of two
unknowns in the respective equations generate the same result.
Examples# 1, 2 Solve the simultaneous linear equations:
1) 2 x+ y=5 ; x+2 y=7 2) 5 x+ 2 y =25 ; 2 x− y=1
Elimination method Substitution Method
1) Sol: 2 x+ y=5 → I 1) Sol: 2 x+ y=5 → I
x +2 y=7 → II x +2 y=7 → II
Multiply Eq.I by 2 and subtract Eq.2 from Eq.I From Eq.I y= (5−2 x ) → III
Substitute the value of y in Eq.II
4 x+ 2 y− ( x+2 y )=10−7
x +2 (5−2 x )=7
4 x+ 2 y− x−2 y=3
x +10−4 x=7
3 x=3 ⇒ x=1 x−4 x=7−10
−3 x=−3 ⇒ x=1
∴ From Eq. I
Substitute the value of x in Eq. III
2 ( 1 )+ y=5
⇒ y=3 ∴ From Eq. III y=3
2) 2)
2
Simultaneous Linear and non-linear Equations in two Unknowns
Simultaneous linear and non-linear equations can be solved by substitution as follows:
a) From the linear equation, obtain the value of one unknown.
b) Substitutes that value of unknown in the non-linear equation, simplify and find the
values of 2nd unknown.
c) By substituting the vales, find the value of 1st unknown.
The points of intersection of two graphs are given by the solution of their simultaneous
equations.
Methods Used
3
Example# 3
3)
2 x+ 2 y =7 → I ∴ ( 6 y +17 ) ( 2 y−1 )=0
−17 1
2
x −4 y =8 → II
2 y= or y=
6 2
−17
From Eq.I x= ( 7−22 y ) → III For y=
6
19 1
Substitute the value of x in Eq. II From Eq. III x= =6
3 3
( )
2
7−2 y 2
1
−4 y =8 y=
2 For
2
2
49+ 4 y −28 y 2 From Eq. III x=3
−4 y =8
4
There for solutions are:
2 2
49+ 4 y −28 y−16 y =32
1 1 5
2
12 y + 28 y −17=0
x=3 , y= and x=6 , y=−2
2 3 6
Extra Formulas used: Mid-point of a line: ( x 1+ x 2 y 1+ y 2
2
,
2 )
y 2− y 1
Gradient of a line: (m= )
x 2−x 1
Length of the line: √ ( x 2−x 1 ) + ( y 2− y 1 )
2 2
Equation of straight line: y=mx+c , where m is gradient and c is y−intercept ,
OR y− y 1=m ( x−x 1 ) Where m is gradient and ( x 1 , y 1 ) are the given points.
4
Practice Sums Ex#1.1
1. 2 x−3 y=12 ; 3 x + 4 y=1
2. 4 x+3 y =8 ; 2 y −3 x=11
3. When gives the simultaneous equations 5 x+ 2 y =9 ; 3 x + 4 y=8 , a particular student
3 3
gave the answer x= , y= , without actually solving the equations, check whether
2 4
his answer is correct.
4. If ( x , y ) =( p ,3 ) is a solution of the equations
3 x+ 2 y =6 ; x−qy=2, find the value of p and q .
5. y 2−4 x=0 ; 2 x+ y=4
6. x + y=2 ; 2 x2 + xy +1=0
7. 3 x−2 y=1 ; ( x−2 )2 + ( 2 y+3 )2=26
8. 2 x+3 y =5 ; x 2 + xy−2 y 2=10
9. 2 x+ y+ 2=0 ; + =
1 2 1
x y 2
10. xy=12 ; ( x−1 ) ( y +2 )=15
11. 2
x + y=4 ; x + y =1
2
12. 2
y=2 x ; x + xy=3
13.
1
3 y−2 x +2=0 ; xy=
2
14. 2 2
3 y=x−20 ; x + y −2 x+ 6 y=0
15. 2 2
4 x +3 xy + y =8; xy + 4=0
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Answers: (1) x=3 , y=−2 (2) x=−1 , y=4 (3) Wrong
−2
(4) p=0 , q= (5) x=1 , y=2∨x =4 , y =−4
3
5
−9 −10
(6) x=−1 , y=3 (7) x=1 , y=1∨x = , y=
5 5
(8) x=4 , y=−1∨x=7 , y=−3 (9) x=1 , y=−4∨x=−2 , y =2
(10) x=−1.5 , y=−8∨x=4 , y=3 (11) x=3 , y=1∨x=1 , y =3
3 1 −1
(12) x=−1 , y=−2∨x=1 , y =2 (13) x= , y= ∨x= , y=−1
2 3 2
(14) x=¿ y=6 (15) x=± 1 , y =± 4∨x=± 2 , y =±2
Practice Sums Ex#1.2 (Word problems)
1. Calculate the coordinates of the points where the line y=1−2 x cuts the curve
x + y =2.
2 2
2. The sum of two numbers x and y is 11.The product of the two numbers is 21.25.
(a) Write down two equations in x and y .
(b) Solve your equations to find the possible values of x and y .
3. The sum of the areas of two squares is 818 cm2. The sum of the perimeters is 160 cm.
Find the lengths of the sides of the squares.
4. The line y=2−2 x cuts the curve 3 x 2− y 2=5 at the points A and B.
Find the length of the line AB.
5. The line 2 x+5 y =1 meets the curve x 2+ 5 xy −4 y 2+10=0 at the points A and B.
Find the coordinates of the midpoint of AB.
6. The line y=x −10 intersects the curve x 2+ y 2+ 4 x +6 y−40=0
at the points A and B. Find the length of the line AB.
7. The straight line y=2 x−2 intersects the curve x 2− y=5 at the points A and B.
Given that A lies below the x−axis and the point P lies on AB such that
AP: PB=3: I , find the coordinates of P .
8. The line x−2 y=2 intersects the curve x + y 2=10 at two points A and B.
Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line AB.
9. If ( 2 , 1 ) is a solution of the simultaneous equations x 2+ xy+ ay=b ; 2 ax +3 y=b ,
Find the value of a∧b . Find also the other solution.
10. If ( 1 , p ) is a solution of the simultaneous equations 12 x2 −5 y2 =7 ; 2 p2 x−5 y=7 ,
Find the value of p and the other solution.
11.Find the dimensions of the rectangle whose perimeter is 36m and which is such that the
square of the length of the diagonal is 170m2.
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6
Answers: (1) (−0.2 , 1.4)∧(1 ,−1) (2) (a) x +3=11 , xy =21.25
(2)(b) x=2.5 , y=8.5∧x=8.5 , y=2.5 (3) 17 cm∧23 cm
(4) 6 √ 5∨13.4 ¿ 3 sf (5) (0.5 , 0) (6) 5 √ 2∨7.07 ¿ 3 sf
(7) (2 , 2) (8) y=−2 x−1 (9) a=1 , b=7∨x=−7 , y=7
−3
(10) p=−1: x= , y =−2 (11) 7 m ×11m
2
Practice Sums Ex#1.3 (Word problems)
2 2
x y
1. Find the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of the curves + =1 and
4 9
3
y= . Give your answers correct to 3 decimal places.
2x
2. Find the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of the curves y=7 x 3−7 x 2−17 x−4 and
y=x −2 x −4 x−16 [Note: attempt after studying factor and remainder theorem]
3 2
3.
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4
Answers: (1) x=± 1.932∨x=± 0.518 (2) x=1 ,−1.5 ,
3
