MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI

A Project Report
On
“Recycling of Paper, Metal, Wood, Glass, Plastic”

DIPLOMA
In
ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTRE ENGINEERING
Submitted by,

Ms. Aaliya Javed Nadaf

Under guidance
of,
Mrs. S. J. Davane

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLITECHNIC, MAHAGAON

ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-2025
 SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL HOSPITAL &RESEARCH
CENTER, MAHAGAON

“SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL

POLYTECHNIC”

A/P –MAHAGAON, SITE –CHINCHEWADI, TAL-GADHINGLAJ, DIST-KOLHAPUR

Certificate
This is to certify that the following students of Fifth semester of Diploma
in Electronics and Computer Engineering of Institute SANT GAJANAN
RURAL POLYTECHNIC, MAHAGAON-416503.(CODE-0965)has completed
micro-.
project on “Test Cases on Swiggy Application” satisfactory in subject EST subject
code 22547 for academic year 2024 to 2025 as prescribed in the curriculum.

ROLL ENROLLMENT SEAT NO STUDENT NAME

NO NO
37 2109650126 Ms. Aaliya Javed Nadaf

DATE: PLACE: MAHAGAON

MRS. S. J. DAVANE MR. G. K. BIRANGADDI MRS. R. S.

PATIL
(Project Guide) (Head of Department) (Principal)
 INDEX

SR NO CONTENTS PAGE NO
1
1.0 Rationale

Literature Review 2
2.0

2
Proposed Methodology
3.0

3
4.0 Action Plan

5.0 Resource Required

4

6.0 Course Outcome Integrated 4

5
7.0 Literature Review

5
8.0 Actual Procedure Followed

6
9.0 Resources Required
Output of the Micro – Project
7
10.0
 Introduction
 Objectives

11.0
Why should you recycle 8

12.0 What are the different ways of recycling?

 Paper and cardboard
 Plastic 9-12
 Metal
 Wood
 Glass
 Rubber
 Part A: Micro-project Proposal
Recycling of Paper, Metal, Wood, Glass and Plastic

1.0 Rationale

Recycling paper, metal, wood, glass, and plastics follows specific processes aimed at conserving
resources and reducing waste. Paper recycling involves collecting, sorting, and cleaning paper to
remove impurities, then pulping it into a slurry that is processed and dried to form new sheets.
This process reduces deforestation and energy consumption, as recycled paper production uses
significantly less energy than using fresh wood pulp. Metal recycling involves sorting metals,
often with magnets to separate ferrous from non-ferrous metals, followed by cleaning, shredding,
and melting. Recycled metals maintain quality over multiple cycles, and this process saves large
amounts of energy compared to mining and refining new ores. Wood recycling includes
collecting and processing wood waste to remove nails or contaminants, after which it is chipped
for mulch, particleboard, or fuel. Recycling wood minimizes landfill waste and reduces the
demand for fresh timber. Glass recycling involves sorting by color, crushing into cullet, and
melting it to form new products. Since glass can be recycled endlessly without quality loss, this
process saves raw materials and energy. Finally, plastics are sorted by type, shredded, washed,
melted, and often pelletized for reuse. Recycling plastics helps decrease the demand for new
plastic, which reduces fossil fuel usage and the environmental impact of plastic waste in
ecosystems and landfills.

2.0 Literature Review

Recycling of paper, metal, wood, glass, and plastics is well-documented in literature,
emphasizing the processes, environmental benefits, and technical challenges of each material.
Paper recycling involves collecting and sorting paper, followed by mechanical or chemical
pulping to produce a slurry that is cleaned and refined into new sheets. This process conserves
trees and reduces energy use, as recycled paper production is significantly more energy-efficient
than using virgin pulp. Metal recycling literature discusses the efficient recovery of both ferrous
and non-ferrous metals, which are sorted, shredded, and melted for reuse, maintaining quality
through multiple recycling cycles and saving substantial energy compared to raw metal
extraction. Wood recycling focuses on repurposing wood waste by removing contaminants and
chipping it for mulch, particleboard, or fuel, thus decreasing landfill waste and conserving forest
resources. Glass recycling involves sorting by color, crushing, and melting into new products,
benefiting from glass’s ability to be recycled endlessly without quality loss. For plastics,
literature emphasizes the sorting, shredding, washing, and reprocessing into pellets for new
products, which helps reduce plastic waste and fossil fuel dependence, though challenges remain
in processing mixed or contaminated plastics. Across these materials, research highlights the
importance of recycling in resource conservation, energy savings, and reducing environmental
pollution.

2
3.0 Proposed Methodology

 Select the Topic of Micro-project

 Collect all the data required for micro-project.

 Prepare its report.
 Organize all the information in proper order.
 Submit the hard copy of the micro-project to the subject teacher.

4.0 Action Plan

Process Process Name of

Sr. No Details of activity started Finish group
date date members
To select the title 05/11/2024 06/11/2024 Aaliya
Nadaf
1. of Project.

Search the 06/11/2024 08/11/2024 Aaliya

Nadaf
2. information related
to micro-project
Write on 08/11/2024 10/11/2024 Aaliya
3. topic. Nadaf

Write the results of 10/11/2024 12/11/2024 Aaliya

Nadaf
4. it.

3
5.0 Resources Required

Name of Resource/
Sr No. Specification Qty Remarks
Material
Lenovo G50
1 Desktop PC/Laptop Used
1

2 Internet Connection Browser Google 1 Used

chrome
MS-Office (MS-
3 Software 1
word, MS-Excel, Used
MS-
PowerPoint)

4
 Part B: - Micro-project
Report
Recycling of Paper, Metal, Glass, Wood, Plastic

6.0 Course Outcomes Integrated

1. Develop Public awareness about Environment.

2. Select alternative energy resources for Engineering Practice.

3. Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity.

4. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution.

5. Manage social issues and Environmental Ethics as lifelong learning.

7.0 Literature Review

Paper recycling, as documented, involves collection, sorting, and pulping, where waste paper is
converted into a slurry and contaminants are removed before it is reformed into new sheets.
Studies emphasize that paper recycling conserves resources, reduces deforestation, and is more
energy-efficient than producing paper from virgin pulp. Metal recycling research outlines the
efficient recovery of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals, which are sorted, cleaned, shredded, and
melted down for reuse. Metals maintain their properties through repeated recycling cycles, making
them ideal for sustainability initiatives and greatly reducing the energy demand of mining and
refining new materials. Wood recycling involves sorting and decontaminating wood waste, which
is then chipped for reuse in products like particleboard, mulch, or biofuel, reducing the need for
fresh timber. Glass recycling literature highlights that glass can be recycled indefinitely without
quality loss, as it is sorted by color, crushed, and melted to create new glass products, significantly
saving raw materials and energy. Finally, plastic recycling involves sorting by polymer type,
cleaning, shredding, and melting into new forms, although literature indicates challenges in
processing mixed or contaminated plastics due to varying melting points and chemical
compositions.

5
 8.0 Actual Procedure Followed
 Focus on selection of appropriate topic for Micro project.

 To meet the subject teacher and take guidelines about it.

 Searching the information related to the topic of micro-project.

 Start the procedure for project and making soft copy of project report

 We organize all information about our topic in proper manner.

 Show the soft copy of the project report to subject teacher and make corrections in it

 Submit the hard copy of the project report to the subject teacher.

9.0 Resources Required

Name of Resource/
Sr No. Specification Qty Remarks
Material
Lenovo G50
1 Desktop PC/Laptop Used
1

2 Internet Connection Browser Google 1 Used

chrome
MS-Office (MS-
3 Software 1
word, MS-Excel, Used
MS-
PowerPoint)
Zomato
4 Application 1 Used

6
10.0 Outputs of the micro-

project Introduction

Our planet's resources are finite, and we need to use them wisely to ensure that we leave
behind a habitable world for future generations. One way we can achieve this is by reducing
the amount of things we use and reusing items where possible. However, if we cannot reduce
or reuse, then recycling is a viable option. Recycling involves the collection, processing, and
transformation of waste materials into new products, thus reducing the amount of waste sent
to landfills and conserving natural resources. Among the materials that can be recycled are
paper, metal, wood, glass, and plastics, which are all common in our daily lives.Each of
these materials has a specific recycling process that involves specialized equipment and
techniques to ensure that the recycled products meet quality standards. For example, paper
recycling involves sorting and shredding the paper, removing any contaminants, and
processing it into pulp to make new paper products. On the other hand, metal recycling
requires melting the metal down and reshaping it into new products. Understanding how each
material is recycled is essential to reducing waste and promoting sustainability. Recycling
not only conserves natural resources and reduces greenhouse gas emissions but also has
economic benefits as it creates jobs in the collection and processing of waste materials.

Objectives

The primary objectives of recycling paper, metal, wood, glass, and plastics are to conserve
natural resources, reduce energy consumption, and minimize environmental impact. Recycling
paper aims to decrease deforestation by repurposing waste paper into new products, reducing
the demand for virgin pulp and energy required for production. The objective of metal
recycling is to recover valuable metals through efficient sorting and melting processes, which
preserves finite metal ores, saves energy compared to mining, and reduces greenhouse gas
emissions. Wood recycling focuses on repurposing wood waste for products like mulch or
particleboard, which lessens the pressure on forests and decreases the volume of wood waste
sent to landfills. Recycling glass is aimed at taking advantage of its ability to be endlessly
recycled without quality loss, which conserves raw materials like sand and limestone while
also cutting down on the high energy requirements of new glass production.

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11.0 Why should you recycle?
If everyone reduced, reused, and recycled, we could make Earth's resources go an awful lot
further. Recycling saves materials, reduces the need to landfill and incinerate, cuts down
pollution, and helps to make the environment more attractive. It also creates jobs, because
recycling things takes a bit more effort than making new things. Recycling doesn't just save
materials: it saves energy too. Manufacturing things uses a lot of energy from power plants
and hungry power plants generally make global warming worse. We can save a surprising
amount of energy by recycling. If you recycle a single aluminum can you save about 95
percent of the energy it would take to make a brand new one. That's enough energy
saved to power your television for about 3 hours! You'll often hear people say that over
half the trash we throw away can be recycled. Looking at the chart below, you can see that
we currently recycle somewhere between 30–100 percent of the various different materials
we use. Just imagine if everyone were recycling most of their garbage: together, we'd be
making a tremendous reduction in the amount of raw materials and energy we use and doing
a lot of good for the planet.

8
12.0 What are the different ways of recycling?
The essential difference between a bag of trash and a bag of valuable, recyclable waste is that
the trash is all mixed up together and the recyclable waste is sorted out and separated. If you
have a curbside recycling scheme, you may be given a recycling box into which you can
place certain types of waste (perhaps metal cans, glass bottles, plastics, and newspapers) but
not others. When the box is collected, it might be sorted out at the curb. People on the truck
will take time to sort through your box and put different items into different large boxes
inside the truck. So, when the truck arrives at the recycling station, the waste will already be
sorted.
Alternatively, you may see your whole box being tipped into the truck without any kind of
sorting. The truck then takes your waste to a different kind of recycling station called a
MURF, which stands for Materials Recycling Facility (MRF), where it is sorted partly by
hand and partly by machine (this type of recycling is also called single-stream or comingled).
If you don't have curbside recycling, it helps to sort out your waste and store it in separate
bags or boxes before you take it to the recycling center. (For example, you could wash out
food tins and glass bottles and keep them in separate plastic bags.)

 Which materials can be recycled?

Most things that you throw away can be recycled and turned into new products although
some are easier to recycle than others.

 Paper and cardboard

One problem with recycling paper is that not all paper is the same. White office printer paper
is made of much higher quality raw material than the paper towels you'll find in a factory
washroom. The higher the quality of paper waste, the better the quality of recycled products it
can be used to make. So high-grade white paper collected from offices can be used to make
more high-grade white recycled paper. But a mixture of old newspapers, office paper, junk
mail, and cardboard can generally be used only to make lower-grade paper products such as
"newsprint" (the low-grade paper on which newspapers are printed). Corrugated cardboard
(which is held together with glue) is harder to recycle than the thin cardboard used to
package groceries.

Waste documents are usually covered in ink, which has to be removed before paper can be
recycled. Using bleach to de-ink papers can be an environmentally harmful process and it
produces toxic ink wastes that have to be disposed of somehow. So, although recycling paper
has many benefits, it comes with environmental costs as well.

9
Plastics

Of all the different materials we toss in the trash, plastics cause by far the biggest problem.
They last a long time in the environment without breaking down sometimes as much as 500
years. They're very light and they float, so plastic litter drifts across the oceans and washes up
on our beaches, killing wildlife and scarring the shoreline. The only trouble is, plastics are
relatively hard to recycle. There are many different kinds of plastic and they all have to be
recycled in a different way. There's so much plastic about that waste plastic material doesn't
have much value, so it's not always economic to collect. Plastic containers also tend to be
large and, unless people squash them, quickly fill up recycling bins.

All told, plastics are a bit of an environmental nightmare—but that's all the more reason we
should make an effort to recycle them! Different plastics can be recycled in different ways.
Plastic drinks bottles are usually made from a type of clear plastic called PET (polyethylene
terephthalate) and can be turned into such things as textile insulation (for thermal jackets and
sleeping bags). Milk bottles tend to be made from a thicker, opaque plastic called HDPE
(high-density polyethylene) and can be recycled into more durable products like flower pots
and plastic pipes.

Another solution to the problem could be to use bioplastics, which claim to be more
environmentally friendly.

10
 Metal
Most of the metal we throw away at home comes from food and drink cans and
aerosols. Typically food cans are made from steel, which can be melted down
and turned into new food cans. Drinks cans are generally thinner and lighter and
made from aluminum, which can also be recycled very easily. Mining aluminum is a
very energy-intensive and environmentally harmful process. That's why waste
aluminum cans have a relatively high value and why recycling them is such a good
thing to do.

 Wood
People have been reusing this traditional, sustainable material for as long as
human history. Waste wood is often turned into new wooden products such as
recycled wooden flooring or garden decking. Old wooden railroad sleepers
(now widely replaced by concrete) are sometimes used as building timbers in
homes and gardens. Waste wood can also be shredded and stuck together
with adhesives to make composite woods such as laminates. It can also be
composted or burned as fuel.

11
 Glass
Glass is very easy to recycle; waste bottles and jars can be melted down and used
again and again. You simply toss old glass into the furnace with the ingredients
you're using to make brand- new glass. Bottle banks (large containers where
waste glass is collected) were the original examples of community recycling in
many countries.

 Rubber
Huge amounts of waste rubber are produced each year, much of it from old
vehicle tires. Given how big and bulky tires are and how many of them we get
through, it's perhaps surprising that only 3.4 percent of all municipal waste in
the United States is classed as rubber and leather. That might not sound a lot,
but it's about 9 million tons a year (the same weight as 2 million elephants). Old
tires can often be turned into new ones or shredded to make soft, bouncy
landscaping materials for cushioning children's playgrounds.

12
  Conclusion-
In conclusion, the recycling of paper, metal, wood, glass, and plastics is
essential in protecting the environment and conserving natural resources. Each
material requires its own specific methods of recycling, but the ultimate goal is the
same to reduce waste and create a more sustainable future. While the process of
recycling does require energy and resources, it is still a better alternative than
sending these materials to landfills, where they would take hundreds of years to
decompose. By recycling, we can create a circular economy that reduces the need
for new resources and minimizes the amount of waste generated. It is vital for
individuals, businesses, and governments to take action and prioritize recycling as
a key component of sustainable living.

 Reference-
 Textbook of solid waste management of Nirali Pubilcation.
 https://www.explainthatstuff.com/recycling.html
Recycling still the most effective waste disposal method, report finds by Juliette Jowit,
The Guard

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