“Understanding the Parental Involvement on Senior High School student

achievement and school performance”

______________

A Research Proposal Submitted to the Senior High School Faculty of

San Brendan College, Inc. Montevista, Poblacion, Taytay, Palawan

in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the subject

Inquiries, Investigations and Immersions

______________

By:

Erandio, Jellian Bea V.

February 2024
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express our sincerely gratitude to the following; First, to all mighty god for

giving wisdom and knowledge in everyday life as well as to the continuous guidance in every

decision we make during our research in San Brendan College Incorporated School. I am also

thankful for the blessing we claim in our life.

Second, to my parents, friends and classmate I would like to express our deepest gratitude in

continuous support, sacrifices, prayers and endless love in our journey in life most especially

during our research. This would not have been possible without their unselfish love and

support given to us at all times.

Third, I would like to thank San Brendan College Inc. for giving us this learning opportunity

that helped us develop valuable life lesson of patience, perseverance, teamwork, cooperation

and most of all the endless pursuit of knowledge.

Fourth, I would like to convey our deep and sincere gratitude to our Practical Research 2

adviser and school Principal Sir Jason V. Yara for providing invaluable guidance, support,

advices, comments, suggestions and provisions that helped in the completion and success of

this study. It was a great privilege and honour to work and study under his guidance.

Lastly, our thanks go to all the people who have supported to complete the research work

directly or indirectly.
 ABSTRACT

This research determines the understanding the Parental Involvement on Senior High

School student achievement and school performance. This study used phenomenological

design for this research. The study was guided by the educational theory by Katsumi et.al and

Developmental psychology by Bronfeokener. The findings revealed that parental involvement

or supportive parents have great importance in children academic performance. The study

also revealed that education was shared responsibility between parents/guardians and the

school and the most of the parents and guardians showed interest in their child’s learning. The

study recommend that the school should engage all parents to be actively engaged through

parent/school meeting, homework and other things that child needs. Moreover, it was

recommended that parents and communities should be helped to better appreciate the value

and benefits of education to their children. In this qualitative study, student perceptions of

parental involvement were examined. The setting of the study was in a San Brendan College

Inc. The population for this study consisted of 25 senior high school students located in

Taytay during the 2023–2024 academic school year. All interviews provided a robust

understanding regarding the perceptions within the school family relationship, support, and

involvement and how these factors impacted academic success. The study offers insights that

may assist parents and educators in better approaching family-school involvement and

relationships among the parents. A purposeful sampling method was used in the study. 25

senior high school student’s participated in the study. Data were collected and analyzed. The

findings revealed barriers students encounter in relation to school involvement and support. It

was perceived that parental, school, and community involvement were important for

children’s academic success. The paper discussed the findings as well as suggestions for

future research.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION

……………………….. Background of the study

……………………….. Significance of the study

……………………….. Statement of the Problem

……………………….. Objectives of the Study

………………………. Scope and Delimitation

……………………….. Definition of Terms

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

………………………... Foreign Studies

………………………… Local Studies

……………………....... Review of Related Studies

………………………… Bibliography

III. METHODOLOGY

………………………... Research Design

………………………... Locale of the Study

………………………... Instrumentation

………………………… Data Gathering Procedure

IV. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

V. DISCUSSSION, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The purpose of this research is to know the Understanding the Parental Involvement

on Senior High School student’s achievement and school performance. The research is

intended to present how supportive family have different impact and see the effectiveness

having a supportive family that make changes in the student achievement and school

performance. This research was developed through literature searches of previous studies,

existing documents and interviews.

The main body of this research contains the significance of having a supportive

family and how support is beneficial for academic outcomes as it promotes greater student

engagement. It helps students feel more confident and secure which can lead to improved

performance in school. Family support has positive and significant effects on student’s

motivational and behavioural engagement. According to a study on research gate, family

support can have a particularly significant impact on the academic success of socio –

economical disadvantaged students. This support can provide these students with resources

and encouragement that they might not otherwise have access to.

This study aims to explore the various ways in which parent can actively participate in

their child’s education and how it influences their academic success. Research has

consistently shown that parental involvement plays a crucial role shaping the child’s

educational outcomes. When parents are actively engaged in their child’s education, it leads

to higher academic achievement, improved attendance, better behaviour, and increased

motivation and self- esteem.

Significance of the Study

This study provides a way that will help give information for all Senior high school students

to inform and to have awareness about the “Understanding the Parental Involvement on

Senior High School student achievement and school performance”. This study will be

beneficial to the following:

Students: They will be aware about the parental involvement in the student performance. It

also helped them to improve their knowledge and to know how to be a responsible student

and child.

Teachers: They will have additional information about the parental involvement on student’s

academic performance and achievement. Guide and help the parents to know the importance

of family support to their child’s academic success.

Parents: They will have a better understanding about their engagement on school activities

and support their child in his/her academic success. This will help them to guide their

children and know how to set limitation and tolerance to their children based on its behaviour.

School Administrator: The school will help in informing and supporting the students,

teachers, parents and administrators about the effectiveness of well- support family on

student’s achievement and school performance.

Future Researcher: They can use it and as their guide and create a best one research. To

help others and use this research to emphasize positive and negative effect about the research

topic.
Statement of the Problem

Arising from the foregoing, the questioned to be posed is:

1. Why some students are lack of support from their parents or family?

2. What could be the best motivation for them?

3. What could be the outcome if the parent are actively engaged in their child’s academic

life?

Objectiveness of the Study

The research aims at knowing the effectiveness of well-supportive family in student’s

school performance and achievement.

1. Assessing the parents support to improve and motivate their child.

2. Developing a framework of indicator behaviours leading to academic success and

build their self-confidence.

3. Assessing the effectiveness of parental involvement in their child academic success.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focused mainly on parenting styles and academic motivation of

students in senior high school.

Parenting styles comprises of parents classified into four categories which are

Authoritarian or power asserting discipline, warm giving protectors, freedom givers

and selfish autonomy givers. It was determined through Adolescent Parenting Survey.

The student academic motivations happen when parents give their support to

their child.

This study includes the parents and students in senior high school.
 Definition of Terms

Academic achievement – is the current to which a student or educator has achieved

short or long – term goals.

Academic Performance – it is a measurement of student achievement across various

subjects.

Falling Grades – a grade mark that shows that someone did not pass a test or subject

in their study.

Family – it includes any relative or people by consanguinity up to the fourth civil

degree.

Motivation – process of get a desired coursed of action or to push you to achieve a

goal.

Parents – its refer to a person that help and support their child and the one who

brought them up since they were born.

Senior High School – a secondary school typically comprising the true highest

grades.

Student – it refers to a person engaged in study.

Support - it is the one that parent give to their child as a motivation and their light in

their study.

Teachers – this refers to a person who helps the students to learn and to pursue their

dreams.
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE / REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

Review of Related Literature

Human beings are bestowed with numerous distinctive powers and abilities. Education aims

to develop them for the progress of society (Jelilov 2020).

Foreign Studies

According to Kayami et.al (2021) it is a pursuit with ultimate effects on all aspects of a

society.

According to Marshall ( 2020) parents, teachers, students, administrators, community groups

and media are key stakeholders in any education system.

According to Chandra (2022) home is the first school for an individual and parents are the

first teachers. Being the major mentor and primary source of exposing children to social

settings, parents should play a leading and supportive role in their academic endeavour.

According to Almad (2021) described academic performance of student as an evident

demonstration of comprehension and competence which is usually measured through

examinations or assessments.

According to Vijaya (2023) parental support is found as a strong determinant for academic

performance and achievement in numerous studies. Learners whose parents are actively

involved in their academic display better behaviours and academic outcomes.

According Lemmer (2019) parental involvement means the participation of parents in

regular, two – way, and meaningful communication involving student academic learning and

other school activities including ensuring that parents play an integral role in assisting their

child’s learning education at school and parents are full partners in their child’s education and

are included as appropriate in decision.

According to Vandergrift and Greer (2019) there are two key elements that work together to

make up the concept of parental support. This includes such things as encouragement, being

sympathetic, reassuring and understanding. The other element needed is a level of parental

activity and participation, such as doing something that is observable. This combination of

level of commitment and active participation is what makes an involved parent. Parents might

involve in the school meetings, attending conference, giving full support on some activities in

the part learners. There activities encourage student to answer homework, helping projects in

every subject, and supporting other children in their studies.

Local Studies

According to Lopez (2020) children cannot survive without their respective parents.

Fundamentally, parents are looked upon to be always present in the lives of their kids since

birth playing an essential role in their general development. The improvement of the live and

overall well- being of children is affixed to the continuous support custody and principled

supervision.

According to Santos (2021) parents provide nurturance, affection, and care. Furthermore,

they are liable for fostering confidence and fulfilling the basic needs of the child to ensure

their positive growth. Nevertheless, parental involvement is not only bound to the cultivation

of the well- being of child because parents are also deemed as essential figures in the

academic endeavours of their children.

According to Bentulo (2020) academic undertakings of their children pertains to assisting

with homework and projects, constant support with academic undertakings, regular

discussion towards educational matters and active involvement of parents in the activities and

program of their child.

According to Baroque (2022) through survey, other forms of parental scaffold that are found

to aid in the online learning of students nowadays like systemizing and managing the
schedules of students, fostering relationship and communication with the students to increase

their school engagements and instructing students when deemed necessary.

According to Bryan (2021) it has been assured that academic performance and achievement

of students may not only depend on the quality of schools and the teachers rather the extent

of parental support has vital role to play in academic achievement of their kids.

According to Garcia (2021) current research shows that the involvement of family in learning

helps to improve student’s performance, reduce absences and restore parent’s confidence in

their children’s education. Learners with parents or caregivers who are involved in learner’s

education earn higher grades and test scores, have better social skills and show improved

behaviour.

According to Levis (2021) a person education is linked to his or her life experience, income

and well-being. Education is a tool of development and is the most important weapon to bring

charges in the society by removing superstition and make people wise and rational. Education

is the prime equipment to make the people of a state or country skilled and civilized and leads

the development of its citizen. So, if a student have an inspiration or get motivated by their

parents support it will show a good effect and higher grades.

According to Harry (2023) parents who are involved in their school tend to have fewer

problems and better academic performance and are more likely to complete high school than

students whose parents are not involved in their school. The presence of parents like

attending to their child program or competition is a big help to motivate their child more.

Having a parental support and parent’s effort the children is expected to have high grades in

their school performance or student achievement than the students that lack of support or

their parents is not involved in their activities in school.

Review of Related Studies

Jane and Parmar (2021) observed the significant of parental involvement among adolescents

and also influencing the children in their academic success. The researcher took 120 students

from secondary school that were in the age of group of 13 to 17 years. Parents were explained

the ways to motivate their children. The involvement level where observal after giving

counselling help them to develop their confidential and achievement levels.

According to Kaor (2020) the academic achievement of the student and the difference

between the educational standards of rural and urban areas. A representative sample of 180

rural students of higher secondary class was selected by their academic performance from

Moga district of Patjah. Parental support or involvement was high among the high achievers

and low among slow achievers.

According to Katsumi (2019) parental support benefits the students and parents. They have a

higher chance that their child is going to college and pass the grade level.

According to Babalis and Patrikikku (2022) highlighted in the International Bibliography and

researches the significance of parental involvement in the educational journey of children.

They emphasized the parental desire to actively contribute to enhancing educational

conditions, which in turn can lead to children achieving higher levels of performance and

success.

According to Weissber et al. (2019), some parents were observed not to actively engage in

their child's school activities, leading to a lack of support. The European Union recognized

this issue and emphasized the importance of parental involvement to reduce school dropouts

and increase participation in lifelong learning. The significance of parental involvement or

support becomes more evident when parents and teachers align their expectations and

maintain open communication. This mutual understanding allows both parties to monitor the

child's progress in behavior and performance, highlighting the importance of fostering

interactions among individuals and groups involved in the educational process.

According to Bronfeokener (2021), the bio ecosystem model suggests that individuals receive

support from their parents throughout their lives, which influences their perception of

parental involvement in school performance. Numerous studies have identified a positive

correlation between parental involvement and student success.

According to Zedan (2019), parental support offers a more detailed definition of how parents

encourage their children. Parental involvement is viewed as a crucial strategy for enhancing

the quality of education, with the ultimate goal of expanding the social and cognitive

capacities of students. Additionally, special attention is given to children of low-educated and

ethnic minority parents. The study examines various forms of involvement initiated by both

parents and schools. However, the study also highlights that the connection between parents

and school pupils alone may not significantly impact student achievement or motivation. An

important finding is that schools with a high number of minority pupils tend to put in

considerable effort regarding parental involvement, although the direct impact of such

involvement cannot be definitively demonstrated.

According to Scheren in Bosker (2023), there is a growing recognition of the significance of

expanding parental involvement in children's education as a key strategy to enhance

effectiveness and improve the quality of education within the autonomy of schools.

Strengthening parental involvement is seen as crucial, with the belief that parents can act as a

vested force capable of balancing the efforts of school boards and direct grades. Moreover,

enhancing cooperation between schools and parents is deemed critical for enhancing school

outcomes.

According to Armando (2022), measuring academic performance goes beyond children's

intelligence to include parental support and involvement in various activities. Parental

involvement serves to motivate and strengthen the child's mind set, leading to higher grades

and academic success. From the early stages, parent guide their children from kindergarten
through college until they graduate. Students who lack parental support and come from

disadvantaged backgrounds may face challenges in their academic performance. Parents who

actively engage in their child's activities serve as a source of motivation for their children to

succeed.

Parental involvement has been viewed as a profound gateway to student accomplishment

(Cheung & Pomerantz, 2019). Viable interests in relation to parental involvement remain

among stakeholders such as families, the community, educational leaders, and government

officials. The engagement of parents within the school community (i.e., with faculty, staff,

and administration) are critical factors in academic success (EdSource, 2019; Harris &

Robinson, 2019; Kim & Bryan, 2022; Lukie et al., 2022; Marschall & Shah, 2020; Núñez et

al., 2019).

Harris and Robinson (2021) believed that active parental participation is a precursor for

academic success. Hence, parents have a fundamental duty to improve their children's

academic achievement.

According to Epstein (2020), parental involvement is rewarding for children and significantly

influences children's academic accomplishments. Initially, the family is seen as the first

educational support for children. Therefore, parents have a profound influence on the

development of their children academic potential and self-esteem.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Jellilov (2020) “The parental involvement and students Achievement” DOI: 107176/JEP/10-

12-13 Publication Date: April 30th 2020

Foreign studies

Kayami et al. (2021). “Parental involvement on Students Achievements and Career" (4215),

87337

Marshall (2020). "The role of Parental support In Students achievement", 45(2), 87-102.

Chandra (2022). "Influence of parental Involvement on Career Aspirations of Students”.

(Journal of Youth of Educational Psychology, 39(2) – 165 - 180.

Almad (2021). "Career Aspirations of Senior High Students and Parental support in

activities" Journal of Educational Psychology, 39 (2) - 165-180.

Vijaya (2023) "Natural context for individual Development: Children motivation in school.”

(Developmental Psychology), 32(3), 215-230.

Lemmer(2019) “Analysis of Social interaction”(Journal of Perspective), 14(3), 115- 136.

Vandegrift and Greene (2019) Mechanisms and result of lack in support "(NDER working

Taper 13392)

Local Studies

Lopez (2020) “Parental effects in higher education “(NBER working paper) No. 9501

JEL .no. 121

Santos (2021) “Intellectual performance among students at a highly selective program:

Abilities and parental Involvement”: http://ww.ianr.url.edu/pubs/family nf211 HTM no. 25-2-

2021
Bentulo (2020) Parental involvement on educational outcomes" (Journal of educational

psychology 73-472-484 Baroque (2022) Socio demographic Factor affecting the Students

performance” (International Journal of Education Research and Development), 32131, 25-

230

Bryan (2021) "Perceived Influence of parental involvement on senior high students” Journal

of Parental involvement, 42(4), 322-337.

Garcia (2021) Parental and Academic Performance of senior High School students (Journal

of higher Education and psychology) 1.8 DOI: 1011269 Levis (2021) Parental involvement

aspiration. (Journal of Educational research) DOI: 11-889-0116. New York City Media

(Stract mariocel, 13 block, printing supply).

Harry (2023) “Social factors in academic achievement” DOI: 10.71781 JDSD 151-05

Publication Date: December 19th 2021

Review of Related Studies

Jane and Parmar (2021) "Parents and Students relationship and effect on academic

performance doi: 90. 7189177/JDSD / J2-06 (journal of Educational Psychology) 13(4)-165-

111

Kaor (2020) “Coping with lack support and low academic performance" Journal of

Economic perspective (Ftm: (-169-2020) Katsumi (2019)"Parental involvement in students

Career” (Journal of Educational Psychology) 13(5)-136-115.

Bubalis and Patrikikoo (2022)" Parental support engagement on higher education" INBER

working Paper) No. 9501 JEL no 169.

Weissber et al (2019)"Motivation and engagement of Students in social activities" (Journal of

higher Educational Research) 14(5)-636-559

Bronfeokener (2021) "Context for parents, students and teachers: Development of support!

(Journal of Developmental Psychology 29, 970-977

Zedan(2019) “Impact of Social interaction and parental involvement of parents in their

child's performance " (Journal of Education ) 165-116-118

Scheren and Bosker (2023) “The case of children motivation” (Developmental Psychology)

No. 6519 JEL no. 1536

Armando (2022) "Motivations of students in the engagement in school performance ". (New

York: McGraw Hill) New paper working media, (Journal of Economic Research)

Cambridge,M.A DOI : 569-116-(02-22-2022)

Cheung, C., & Pomerantz, E. M. (2019). “Why does parents' involvement enhance children's

achievement? The role of parent-oriented motivation”. (Journal of Educational Psychology),

104(3), 820-832. https://doi.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fa0027183

Harris, A. L., & Robinson, K. (2021). A new framework for understanding parental

involvement: Setting the stage for academic success. Russell Foundation Journal of the Social

Sciences, 2(5), 186-201.

Epstein, J. (2022). “School, family, and community partnerships in teacher’s professional

work.” (Journal of Education for Teaching International Research and Pedagogy) 44(3), 1-10.

https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2018.1465669
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

Phenomenological research design will be employed using the unstructured interview

method. The data obtained from this method will be used as a basis for inferences that may

aid in solving practical problems which have high value to the researcher. This qualitative

study employs the phenomenological research design with a naturalistic approach to gather

relevant data. The naturalistic approach concerns itself with understanding and interpreting

the meanings that participants provide. This research design aims to understand and interpret

the meanings and emotions underlying the everyday actions of people affected and how these

experiences impact them. (Groemenald 2020)

According to Smith (2019), phenomenology is the study of consciousness as experienced

from a first-person point of view, focusing on philosophical theories of mind, intentionality,

and mental representation. It lays a foundation for empirical studies of the mind and cognitive

science.

Research Locale

The study is to be conducted at San Brendan College Incorporated, Taytay, Palawan, during

the school year 2023 - 2024. The college offers academic tracks such as (HUMMS, ABM,

GAS), and Tech-Voc tracks (EIM, HE, ICT). The researcher will target senior high school

students currently enrolled at San Brendan College Incorporated.

Research Instrument

To collect data, a survey schedule will be employed, utilizing interviews or surveys

containing open-ended questions. The survey will be designed in straightforward language to

ensure clear comprehension by the respondents. The primary instrument used in this study
will be interviews comprising two sections. Part 1 will focus on capturing the demographic

profile of the participants, while Part 2 will explore the respondents' views on the

understanding of the respondent about the parental involvement in student achievement and

school performance.
 APPENDIX - A

Letter of Request to the School Administrator

San Brendan College Incorporated

Monte vista, Poblacion, Taytay, Palawan

April 17, 2024

MR. JASON YARA

SBCI Administrator

Montevista, Poblacion, Taytay Palawan

Dear Sir,

I am a researcher from General Academic Strand senior high school students here at
San Brendan College who are currently working on our research in Inquiries, Investigation
and Immersion subject entitled “Understanding the Parental Involvement on Senior High
School student achievement and school performance”

In connection with this, we would like to ask your consent to allow us to conduct our
survey among the chosen respondents here at San Brendan College.

Truly Yours,

The Researchers

Noted by:

Sir Jason V. Yara

Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion Teacher

 APPENDIX B

Letter for the Respondents

San Brendan College Incorporated

Monte Vista, Poblacion, Taytay, Palawan

“Understanding the Parental Involvement on Senior High School student achievement

and school performance”

Dear Respondent,

This interview questionnaire is one of the ways to know “Understanding the

Parental Involvement on Senior High School student achievement and school
performance” at San Brendan College Incorporated.

Your answers will be collated and treated as a whole. This study will not concentrate
on the personal reasons of each of you so please give time for this questionnaire and provide
factual information.

Thank you very much!

The Researcher

Jellian Bea V. Erandio

Part I. Socio –Demographic Profile

Directions: Put a check [/] in the choices that corresponds to your answer.
Name: _______________ {Optional} Gender: { } Male { } Female { } LGBTQ+
Age: { } 16-18 { } 19-21 { } 22 and above
Religion: { } Roman Catholic { } Baptist { } Adventist { } Pentecostal { } INC { } Muslim
Others: {Please specify} _______________
Family income/month: { } 1000 – 3000 { } 3100 – 5000 { } 5100 – 7000
Part II. Level of the respondent’s decision towards the parental involvement in student
achievement and school performance.
Directions: Please answer with comprehension the following questions.
1. Did you experience lack of support from your family? Why?

1.1 Is there any conflict or problem that causes your parents lack of support in your
academic success? What is it?
1.2 As a student how will you resolve lack of support and encouraged those parents
that does not involve in their child’s academic life?
1.3 How can you cope with lack of support?
1.4 What will be the best way to deal with lack of support?
2. How parental support motivates you?
2.1 How will you explain parental support?
2.2 Why parental support motivates you and it’s important in academic performance?
2.3 Why parental involvements affect your school performance?
2.4 How will you motivate your fellow students that have low academic performance?
3. What could be the possible outcome if your parents are always actively engaged in
your academic life?
3.1 When do you feel that your parents are not engage in your academic life?
3.2 What will you do if your parents are not engage in your academic activities?
3.3 How did your parents actively participate in your school activities?
3.4 How will you engaged your parents in active school parental activities?

THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION!!!

Data collection procedure

To collect data will begin with the researcher obtaining permission by sending a formal letter.

Subsequently, the researcher will conduct personal interviews and surveys using open-ended

questions written in simple English. To enhance data collection, technological tools such as

cell phones will be utilized for communication and data recording. Photo documentation will

be employed for visual capture and communication purposes. Screenshots will be preserved

for important exchanges. This comprehensive approach will ensure valuable data for the

study. This qualitative study explored parents and student perspectives about the role of

parental involvement, its importance in academic success, and developed strategies to

enhance parental involvement in schools. Before data collection began, ethical considerations

were in place to protect all participants. Data collection involved 25 student’s interviewee.

The data collection assisted the school and parents to create collaborative partnerships and

reach a clearer path forward of effectively developing, utilizing, and sustaining parental

involvement programs that can ultimately produce academic success in students.

 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data analysis and findings of the research study. The purpose of this

study was to identify the understanding of the respondent about the parental involvement in

student achievement and school performance. The analyses address perspectives of parents,

teachers, and administrators on the parent-school partnership strategies for academic success.

Full insight was accomplished by addressing the following research questions to guide this

study.

Q1. Why some students are lack of support from their parents or family?

Q2. What could be the best motivation for them?

Q3.What could be the outcome if the parents are actively engaged in their child’s

academic life?

Qualitative data analysis or coding of transcripts was chosen as the most appropriate model to

analyze the data. Saldaña (2019) defined "coding" as "essence-capturing and evocative

attributes for a portion of language-based and visual data" (p. 3). Saldaña (2019) pointed out

that the utilization of computer software programs creates limitations to the analysis of

qualitative data, and coding is the best method when analyzing numerous interviews. Saldaña

(2019) affirmed that software programs are effective when the tabulation of words and

phrases is only needed. Such programs do not serve well in substituting for the researcher's

approach in identifying accurate perspectives, beliefs, and complex ideas in transcripts as

coding does (Saldaña, 2019). Coding offers to the researcher a personal, rational reasoning

from the interviews conducted and a more precise method of conveying logical perspectives.

Miles (2019) and Saldaña (2019) both noted that the researcher is dutifully competent at

discovering complex themes, beliefs, expressions, ideas, and natural meaning units of the

participants from the text as opposed to a computer software program. Further, content
analysis from the interviews was utilized to disseminate emerging themes congruent to RRL

and RRS. Open-ended, personal, qualitative responses served as the protocol for all

interviews among parents and school personnel. The questions designed addressed any

challenges to parental involvement at home and school and established what practices are

necessary to cultivate parent-school partnerships. The interview questions also provided

parents' and school personnel opinions of what parental involvement practices are needed at

the middle school. Sections in this chapter include interview response rates, summary of

qualitative findings, and qualitative analysis.

Interview Response Rate

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 senior high school students. To protect

the identity of the participants, each questionnaire has optional options if the respondent

wants to fill it up. The overall response rate is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Overall Interview Response

Interview conducted from Senior high School Response Rate

Students

25 100%

I received approval from the school principal to conduct (Appendix A) and conduct

interviews with the student to collect information in relation to perceptions of parental

involvement in the student achievement and school performance. Interview questions had

been carefully constructed for all interviews; however, some questions were modified during

the interview process to present comfortable conversations during the interviews.

I recorded all interviews were recorded with an audio recording device and later transcribed.

After each interview, I took notes to allow additional information to be utilized that may not

have been from the audio recordings. The coding process proved to be helpful in identifying

common ideas and themes from participants’ responses.

The semi-structured individual interviews were designed to include varying questions. The

coding I created gave way to strengthen parent-school partnerships. Disseminating parents’

needs for their child’s school creates a better understanding of the most vital types of

involvement. According to Creswell (2019), focus groups work well in providing information

from participants that cannot be fully accomplished by some individual interviews.

Once data were collected from the interviews, the analysis process began. Following the

audio recordings, transcriptions of interviews took place. All transcripts were reviewed

alongside the audio recordings and my research notes. All interviews were checked for

accuracy by repeating the same process for each. Theoretical coding of data began by finding

pivotal concepts and principles of the study. I underlined each fundamental keyword that

demonstrated the message that the participant conveyed. Such organization helped to

establish a working analytical framework. Much of the underlined words matched

synonymously to parental involvement. Further, I color-coded words with highlighters and

creative symbols to indicate patterns and categories discovered. The codes were then grouped

into categories to have a distinct theoretical framework from the interviews.

As codes were discovered from each interview, I identified them. Data were recorded and

coded. After conducting an analysis of the interview transcripts, several themes appeared

interwoven and interspersed within all the interviews. The coding consisted of a list of terms

and phrases from the interviews. Words and phrases were then grouped by commonalities.

Themes and codes that emerged from the interviews are listed in Figure 1.
Figure 1

Codes for Emerging Themes

Themes: Parental involvement Opportunities

Parental Involvement
Opportunities Categories: Assuring school involvement and
interactions
Codes: Volunteerism, Attendance to school programs,
meetings and activities showing interest to be involved
in suitable ways; Mentoring
Themes: Perception of Students

Perception of Students Categories: Creating positive experiences and positive

mind set towards parental involvement
Codes: Positive attitudes; Mentoring; Teamwork with
parents

Themes: Lack of support

Categories: Lack of encouragement and motivation and
Lack of support financial constraints
Codes: Absence of praise and recognition for academic
achievements and financial struggles affecting access to
educational resources

Themes: Expectations of parental Involvement

Expectations of Parental
Categories: Developing and implementing ways to be
Involvement
involved
Codes: Setting realistic expectations for the parents to get
involved
After developing the coding, I examined and interpreted the data by referencing the aspects

of each group. As a result of this approach, my themes from the data were created. I chose to

utilize the constant comparative method (Miles, 2019) to compare specific events from the

data and fine-tune the concepts, break down their properties, examine the commonalities to

one another, and integrate them into a model with a goal to explain the processes under study.

Prior to a new code being established and concepts developed, data from similar interviews

were cross-referenced. While comparing the data, additional categories were found. Once

data saturation was reached, comparisons were discontinued.

Themes from the Findings

My main focus of the study’s themes and collective statements from participants was from

the constant comparative method by Glaser and Strauss (1967/2019), which in turn, helped to

effectively answer the research questions. Such themes included: parental involvement

opportunities, perception of students, lack of support and expectations of parental

involvement. The next section provides an overview of each of the aforementioned themes

established from the interviews.

Theme 1.Parental Involvement Opportunities

All 25 students remarked that numerous parental involvement opportunities are available

when the school hosts activities, such as: awards programs, sports-related events, Festival,

Class parties, school fiesta, parent-teacher events and conferences, and PTA. Automated-

generated text alerts and reminders that are sent out help them to further plan to attend school

events. Students made similar comments about how their parents do their best to make sure

they can attend, chaperone, or volunteer for school opportunities when their schedule allows.

Student 1 comment was almost synonymous to other student:

They always attend when the school held a meeting. They always support me and attend

when they are needed.

Theme 2.Perception of Student

All student interviewed shared their perception pertaining to parental involvement. Student 9

explained it and it is synonymously to other student.

Student 9 said, parental involvement is important for every student. Parental involvement can

be defined as the level of active engagement, support, and presence of parents in educational

journey and personal development. It reflects how students perceive and experience the role

of their parents in their academic endeavours, emotional well-being, and overall growth.

Students view parental involvement as the extent to which their parents show interest in their

school activities, provide encouragement, offer assistance with homework, attend school

events, communicate with teachers, and demonstrate care and understanding towards

educational needs. Student perception of parental involvement also encompasses the

emotional support, guidance, and motivation that parents provide to help students navigate

challenges, build confidence, and achieve academic success. It reflects the impact of parental

presence and participation on students' sense of security, self-esteem, and academic progress,

shaping their overall educational experience and outcomes.

Student 13 shared also that parental involvement are the strength and weakness of a student

that rely much on their parents. If their parents stop supporting them it may cause dropout

and losing interest of student in learning. For student that did not much rely on their parents

they can support themselves and it is a good thing for them, each students need the support of

their parents/family.
Theme 3.Lack of support

All students have their parents at their back to support them always and they never

experienced lack of support in them, especially to the students that are academically engage.

Student 20 stated:

They support me all the time, they are always on my side comforting me and motivating me.

They always praise me if i accomplish anything small or big and always there for me. My

parents have always been my biggest supporters, and I am grateful for their unwavering

encouragement and guidance. From helping me with my homework to attending all my

school events, they have been actively involved in every aspect of my education. Whenever I

face challenges, they are there to provide emotional support and motivate me to keep pushing

forward. Their belief in my abilities and constant words of encouragement have instilled

confidence in me and fueled my determination to succeed. I never feel alone in my academic

journey because I know that my parents are always there, cheering me on and celebrating my

achievements. Their consistent presence and unwavering support have been instrumental in

shaping me into the person I am today.

Student 1 stated:

My parents are my biggest cheerleaders, always believing in me and my potential. Their

unwavering faith in my abilities has been a constant source of motivation for me. Whenever I

doubt myself or face challenges, they are there to remind me of my strengths and encourage

me to keep pushing forward. Their belief in me has instilled a sense of confidence and

resilience that helps me overcome obstacles and strive for success. Knowing that my parents

have faith in me gives me the courage to pursue my dreams and work towards achieving my

goals. Their support and encouragement have been instrumental in shaping my self-belief and

determination to reach for the stars.

Theme 4.Expectations of Parental Involvement

All 25 students interviewed shared their perception pertaining to parental involvement.

Student 5 stated synonymously to other student.

Student 5 stated:

As a student, I value and appreciate the importance of parental involvement in my education.

My parents play a crucial role in my academic journey by providing support, guidance, and

encouragement. Their active participation in my school life, whether it's helping me with

homework, attending parent-teacher meetings, or cheering me on at school events, makes me

feel supported and motivated. I see parental involvement as a partnership between my parents

and me, where their input and guidance help me navigate challenges and strive for success.

Their presence and interest in my education not only boost my confidence but also create a

sense of accountability and responsibility towards my learning. I believe that strong parental

involvement is key to creating a positive and nurturing environment that fosters my academic

growth and personal development.

Student 7 stated:

As a student, I view parental involvement as a cornerstone of my academic journey. The

active engagement and support from my parents have been instrumental in shaping my

educational experience. Their presence in my school life, from helping me with assignments

to discussing my academic goals, creates a sense of partnership and shared responsibility for

my success. I appreciate the way my parents communicate with my teachers, attend school

events, and provide a nurturing environment that fosters my learning and growth. Their

involvement not only enhances my academic performance but also in stills values of hard

work, dedication, and perseverance. I believe that parental involvement is a powerful catalyst
for creating a supportive and enriching educational environment that empowers me to reach

my full potential.

Summary of Qualitative Findings

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine parental involvement in students

achievement and performance. The results in Chapter 4 represent the comments provided by

25 participants during scheduled interviews. Coding and transcribing of data from the

participants’ interviews brought about the following themes: parental involvement

opportunities, perception of student, and lack of support and expectations of parental

involvement. Perceptions of relationships revealed effective communication and support;

heightened awareness for involvement opportunities and development; importance of school

meetings; and ensuring openness between parents, faculty, staff, and administration.

Impediments revealed communication, parent and family factors, lack of time, agendas, work

schedules, cultural issues, educational and language barriers, socioeconomic challenges, and

school- centered inhibitions. The study revealed how parents are actively engaged in their

child’s academic life and they give the support they need. It revealed that the student has

strong parental support, positive academic environment, enhanced motivation, academic

success and achievement and emotional well-being. Chapter 5 provides a discussion,

conclusion, and recommendations for this study.

 CHAPTER V

DISCUSSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to examine the understanding parental

involvement in student achievement and school performance within San Brendan College

Inc. Participants consisted of 25 students who are currently enrolled in senior high school at

San Brendan College Inc. This qualitative study consisted of five chapters.

Chapter 1 presented the introduction, background of the study, significance of the study,

statement of the problem, objectives of the study, purpose of the study, scope and

delimitation, definition of terms.

Chapter 2 provided a review of literature and studies research related to the research

questions being investigated.

Chapter 3 presented the research method and design, research locale, instrumentation and

data collection procedure.

A detailed description of the results, analyses, and findings that emerged from the study are

disseminated in Chapter 4.

Finally, Chapter 5 concludes with a summary and discussion of the study, conclusion, and

recommendations for further research. Data collected from students enabled an inclusive look

at the perceptions of student in parental involvement. This study was guided by three research

questions. The data from interviews were coded, transcribed, and examined to determine

emerging themes. Field notes were taken throughout the process of data collection and

analysis. Information presented from this study may convey to educators, faculty, staff, and

administrators particularly during the child’s senior high school years. Considerations from

this research could help ensure there are open lines of communication with stakeholders as

well as provide numerous opportunities to support parental involvement. Three research

questions guided the process throughout this qualitative study. These questions investigated

the perceptions of student in a senior high school setting.

Discussion

Research Question 1

Did you experience lack of support from your family? Why?

A total of 25 students interviewed in this study. The student did not experience lack of

support from their parents. The students who never lack support from their families are

fortunate to have a strong and nurturing support system that plays a vital role in their

academic success and personal development.

The unwavering encouragement, guidance, and presence of their families create a positive

environment that fosters motivation, resilience, and a sense of security. These students benefit

from open communication, understanding, and active involvement from their family

members, which contribute to their emotional well-being and academic achievements. The

consistent support from their families in stills a belief in their abilities, boosts their

confidence, and empowers them to overcome challenges with determination.

Overall, the students who never lack support from their families are able to thrive

academically and emotionally, thanks to the unwavering care and encouragement provided by

their loved ones. When parents are actively engaged and consistent in their child’s education

success will follow (Epstein 2019).

Research Question 2

How parental support motivates you? All the 25 students interviewed in this study.

Participants asked about expectations about the parental involvement and how its motivate
them. Student 1 revealed that Parental support is like a guiding light that illuminates my path

and fuels my motivation to strive for excellence.

The unwavering encouragement and belief that my parents have in me in still a sense of

confidence and determination to overcome obstacles and reach my goals. Their words of

encouragement and reassurance during challenging times serve as a source of strength that

propels me forward. Knowing that my parents are there to support me, cheer me on, and

celebrate my achievements motivates me to push myself beyond my limits and pursue

success with passion and dedication.

Their support is not just about words; it's about the unwavering belief they have in my

potential and their constant presence in my corner, cheering me on every step of the way.

Their support is the driving force behind my motivation, empowering me to turn my dreams

into reality and strive for greatness. Hausman and Goldring (2020) concluded that parental

involvement in the school promotes student success.

Research Question 3

What could be the possible outcome if your parents are always actively engaged in your

academic life? All students are interviewed in this study. Parents have time constraints due to

their work schedules and other time conflicts that prevent them from being involved in school

activities. The possible outcomes of having parents who are consistently and actively engaged

in your academic life are manifold and significant. Research suggests that such parental

involvement positively impacts various aspects of a student's educational journey and overall

development. It can improved academic performance, active parental engagement has been

linked to improved academic performance, higher grades, and increased motivation to excel

in studies. Enhanced Emotional Well-being, Students with actively involved parents often

experience greater emotional well-being, reduced stress levels, and increased self-confidence.
Better Communication Skills, Regular interactions with parents regarding academic progress

can improve communication skills, leading to better articulation of thoughts and ideas.

Increased Motivation and Goal Setting, parental involvement can foster a sense of

motivation, goal setting, and a strong work ethic in students, encouraging them to strive for

success. Stronger Parent-Child Relationship, Actively engaged parents often have stronger

bonds with their children, leading to a supportive and nurturing family environment that

promotes trust and communication. Higher Educational Aspirations, Students with involved

parents are more likely to have higher educational aspirations, setting ambitious goals for

their future academic and career paths. Enhanced Problem-Solving Skills, Parental guidance

and involvement can help students develop critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities,

and the resilience to overcome challenges. In essence, the active engagement of parents in a

student's academic life can lead to a range of positive outcomes that contribute to the

student's overall academic success, emotional well-being, and personal growth. In turn,

parental engagement develops more trust as a result of varying activities in which a parent is

involved (Prakhov & Sazhina, 2020).

Recommendations for Future Research

Parental Involvement is a necessity for academic success. After collecting and analyzing the

data, additional recommendations can also be explored. Recommendations for future

researchers who would like to implement a study with a similar topic include the following

. • Expand the study to include a diverse socioeconomic status. This study was limited to

participants in the San Brendan, senior high school only. Data may not represent the

perceptions of all students. In addition, the results may not be generalized to other senior high

schools.
• Select a questionnaire that yields numerical data and analysis of academic success. •

Consider focusing on a narrower set of themes and concepts. It will be easier to identify and

describe relationships between such variables, if any.

• Choose the quantitative research approach for future research to have more scientific

findings, thus allowing larger amounts of data to be gathered and analyzed (Creswell, 2019).

This approach would eradicate any biases. In addition, a quantitative research approach to

this study would also give the researcher the opportunity to have more control over how the

data is gathered with an objective perspective and clearly defined research questions to

present. Also, a quantitative approach to this study would allow a larger sample size, which in

turn, helps the researcher can gain statistically valid results (Creswell & Creswell, 2020).

• Conduct the same study; however, recruit different participants from a different school, in

an effort to yield different results.

• Expand the research in the area of perceptions between students and parents, A research

expansion will provide outcomes and help add to the conversation about home-school

parental involvement and partnerships among stakeholders.

Conclusion

This study was conducted to explore parental involvement in student achievement and school

performance. The goal of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions of students

regarding parental involvement in education and to ascertain their perceptions of the

connection between parental involvement and academic success. Valuable insights emerged

during this study and included: students in the study contending that parental support is

important in navigating a child’s education; teachers working diligently to develop positive,

open, consistent, and persistent communication with their students’ parents and to implement

school-based programs and activities to motivate parents in becoming more engaged in the
school; parents placing value in teacher and administrative support in parental involvement

fears and feats; and how teachers assert that parental involvement is positively linked to

academic success. The most critical area of concern for teachers was communication with

parents.

The increased knowledge from this study will help student in senior high schools reach their

potential as guiding, viable resources when advocating for parental involvement and

academic success. Senior high schools have the capacity to use their influence to bring about

positive change among parents and families whom they lead and serve. Schools cannot do it

all. Parents cannot do it all. However, when both parents and schools work together, great

things happen. It is my hope that this study serves as a resource for school leadership and

other stakeholders to utilize so that they may gain more insightful knowledge to make great

things happen that will ultimately change the trajectory of parent-school partnerships for

generations to come.

In conclusion, parental involvement plays a crucial role in shaping academic performance

and achievement outcomes for students. Research consistently highlights the positive impact

of active parental engagement on various aspects of a student's educational journey. The

support, guidance, and encouragement provided by parents create a conducive environment

that fosters motivation, resilience, and a positive attitude towards learning. Students who

benefit from parental involvement often exhibit higher levels of academic success, improved

grades, and increased motivation to excel in their studies. The presence of supportive and

actively engaged parents contributes to enhanced communication, goal setting, and problem-

solving skills among students.

Furthermore, a strong parent-child relationship built on trust, communication, and

encouragement nurtures a sense of confidence and self-belief in students, empowering them

to overcome challenges and strive for excellence. Ultimately, parental involvement in

academic performance and achievement serves as a cornerstone for creating a supportive and

nurturing environment that enables students to reach their full potential. By actively

participating in their children's educational journey, parents not only contribute to their

academic success but also in still valuable life skills, values, and a lifelong love for learning.

The partnership between parents and students in the realm of education is a powerful catalyst

for unlocking academic potential, fostering personal growth, and laying the foundation for a

successful future.
JELLIAN BEA ERANDIO
Calawag, Taytay, Palawan
Contact No. : +63 9197815729
Email Address : [email protected]

OBJECTIVE

Seeking a challenging position in this company where I can use my skills to contribute to
the success of the company.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

BIRTHDAY: March 5, 2007

BIRTHPLACE: Brgy. Calawag, Taytay, Palawan
AGE: 17
NATIONALITY: Filipino
RELIGION: Baptist
CIVIL STATUS: Single

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY: SAN BRENDAN COLLEGE INC.

Academic Track
General Academic Strand
Sitio Montevista, Taytay, Palawan
Grade 12 - Present
SECONDARY: CALAWAG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Calawag, Taytay, Palawan
2021 - 2022
PRIMARY: JUDGE CESAR L. RODRIGUEZ ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Calawag, Taytay, Palawan
2017 – 2018
SKILLS

 Can sing, dance and cook

 Video Editing
 Computer literate
WORK- RELATED EXPERIENCE____________________________________________
Diana Rose S. Tacurda
Happy Grill Owner
09460816911
CHARACTER REFERENCE

Jason V. Yara Alroy L. Alabat

SHS Principal Work Immersion Teacher
0063463145 09972711576

I certify to the best of my knowledge and belief that the above information was true and
correct.

JELLIAN BEA ERANDIO

Applicant
DOCUMENTATION