Problem 101:

A building frame is shown below. The girder has a weight of 30 kN and the mass of the
column is negligible. Each column has the following properties. I = 40 x 10 6 mm4, E = 200
000 MPa. Height of column is 4 m.

①Determine the stiffness of the building frame in kN/mm.

② Determine the natural period of the structure in seconds.

③Determine the frequency of the structure in cycles per second.

Solution:

1 Stifness of the building

K= KA+KB
12 EI 12 EI
K= 3 + 3
L L
6
K= 12(200000)(40 X 1 0 )
¿¿
K= 1500 N/mm
K= 1.5 kN/mm

2. Natural period of the structure:

T=2π
√
m
K
T=2π
√
W
Kg
T=2π
√ 30000
1500 (9.81)(1000)
T= 0.284 sec.

3. Frequency of the structure

1
f=
t
1
f=
0.284
f= 3.52 cps

Problem 102:

A rigid floor element shown is supported by three-columns 6 m. high having the following
moment of inertia. If it is subjected to a lateral force of 140 kN,

1. What is the total stiffness of the frame shown?

2. If a lateral force of P = 140kN is acting at the top of the frame determine the shear force of
the inside column.

3. Determine the shear force in each of the outer column.

Solution:

1. Totak stiffness

12 E I 1 12 E I 2 12 E I 3
K1= 3 K2= 3 K3= 3
L L L

K= K1+K2+K3
 6 6 6
12 E ( 400 ) 1 0 12 E ( 400 ) 1 0 12 E ( 400 ) 1 0
K= + +
63 63 63

12 E 600(12)E 400(12) E
K= 400( 3
¿+ +
L L3 L3

(10)6
(12)E
K= (400+600+400) 3
L

K= 1400 ( 12 ) (200000 ) ¿ ¿

K= 15,556 N/mm

K= 15.56 kN/mm

2. Shear force of the inside column

140(600)
V=
1400

V= 60 kN

3. Shear force in each of the outer column

140(400)
V=
1400

V= 40 kN

Problem 103:

The building frame shown has supporting columns of equal heights, which are fixed at the
base. The top plate is rigid and each column has the same modulus of elasticity. If a lateral
I I
force 400 kN is acting on the top plate and I1= 2 , I 1= 3
3 6
1. Compute the shear force distributed by column A.

2. Compute the shear force distributed by column B.

3. Compute the shear force distributed by column C.

Solution:

1. Shear force distributed by column A

Since the column are rigid, the shear is distributed to the columns in proportion to their
rigidities or stiffness (K).

12 EI
K= 3
L

12 E I 1 12 E I 2 12 E I 3
K1= 3 K2= 3 K3= 3
L L L

K= K1+K2+K3

12 E
K= 3 (I1+I2+I3)
L

F (K 1 )
VA=
K 1+ K 2+ K 3

F (I 1 )
VA=
I 1 + I 2+ I 3

I = I1+I2+I3

I= I1+3I1+6I1

I= 10I1
 400
VA=
10

VA= 40 kN

2. Shear force distributed by column B

F (I 2 )
VB =
I 1 + I 2+ I 3
400(3) I 1
VB =
10 I 1
VB = 120 kN

3. Shear force distributed by column C

F I3
VC =
10 I 1
400(6)I 1
VC =
10 I 1
VC = 240 kN

Check:
VA+VB+VC = 400
40+120+240 = 400
400 = 400

Problem 104:

The roof of the structure shown is rigid. A lateral load of 600 kN is applied at the roof. The
height of the structure is 6 m.
1. Compute the resisting shear force in column A.

2. Compute the resisting shear force in column B.

3. Compute the resisting shear force in column C.

Solution:

1. Resisting shear force in column A

Total rigidity:
EI = EI1+EI2+EI3
EI = 4600+16000+25000
EI = 45600

Shear force carried by column A:

600(4600)
F A=
45600

F A=60.52 kN

2. Resisting shea force carried by column B

600(16000)
F B=
45600

F B=210.53 kN

3. Resisting shea force carried by column C

600(25000)
F C=
45600

F C =328.95 kN

Check:
F A + F B + F C = 600
60.52+210.53+328.95 = 600

Problem 105:
An x-ray machine is installed in a local hospital. The x-ray machine has a weight of 12000 N
and will deflect 40 mm laterally when loaded with a 5000 N lateral force. Compute the lateral
period of vibration of the x-ray machine.

Solution:

F
Stiffness =
∆
5000 N
K= =125 =125000 N /m
40 mm

Period of vibration:

T= 2π
√ m
K

W 12000
m= = =1223.24 kg
g 9.81

T= 2π
√ 1223.24
125000

T= 0.62 sec.

Problem 106:

An electrical component is installed at the top of a building having a weight of 12 kN. When
a lateral force of 5 kN is applied, the component will deflect 40 mm laterally. Compute the
electrical components fundamental period of vibration in seconds.
Solution:

F
Stiffness =
∆
5000
K= =125000 N /m
0.4

Period of vibration:

T= 2π
√ m
K

W 12000
m= = =1223.24 kg
g 9.81
T= 2π
√ 1223.24
125000

T= 0.62 sec.

Problem 107:

The bridge below has a total base shear of 910 kN and the columns A and B have the same
flexural rigidity El.

① Compute the lateral load resisted by column A.

② Compute the moment resisted by column A.
③ Compute the moment resisted by column B

Solution:

1. Lateral load resisted by column A

Assumed both ends of column to be fixed

12 EI
K= 3
L

For column A:
12 EI
KA= 3
L

For column B:
12 EI
KB= 3
4
K A ( 4)3
=
K B ( 3)3
K A 64
=
K B 27

(K ¿¿ A)V
FA = ¿
K A+ KB
 64
K
27 B
FA = (V )
64
K +KB
27 B

64
27
FA = (V )
64 27
+
27 27

64 /27
FA = V
91/27

64
FA = 910
91

FA = 640 kN

2. Moment resisted by column B

MA = 640(3)
MA = 1920 kN.m

3. Moment resisted by column C

( K ¿¿ B)V
FB = ¿
K A+ KB

27 K A
( )V
64
FB =
27 K A
K A+
64

27
64
FB =
64 +27
64

27
FB = V
91

FB = 270 kN

Check:
FA+FB = 910
640+270+910 ok

MB = 270(4)
MB = 1080 kN.m

Problem 108:

The girder of a simple frame shown is indefinitely rigid. The frame carries a uniform load of
6 kN/m and is supported by three columns of different moment of inertia.

1. Determine the stiffness of the frame shown.

2. Determine the natural period of vibration.

3. Compute the lateral displacement.

Solution:

1. Stiffness of the frame

Ʃ 12 EI
K= 3
L

K= K1+K2+K3

6
12 ( 200000 ) (58 x 1 0 )
K=
(3.63 )¿ ¿

K = 10905350 N/m

2. Natural period of vibration

W = 6(7.5)
W = 45 kN
 W 45000
m= = =4587.2 kg
g 9.81

T= 2π
√ m
K

T= 2π
√ 4587.2
10905350

T= 0.41 sec.

3. Lateral displacement

W
∆=
K
45000
∆=
10905350
∆ = 0.00413 m
∆ = 4.13 mm

Problem 109:

A structural bent shown carries a generator having a mass of 50000 kg at the top of the beam.
The beam-column and base connections are rigid. Neglect the weight of the vertical supports.

1. Compute the combined stiffness of the two vertical supports (column).

2. Compute the natural period of vibration.
3. Compute the base shear, V.
Solution:

1. Combined stiffness of the two vertical supports

 2(12) EI
K= for two columns
L3

K=2(12)(70)¿ ¿

K = 7.05 x 106 N/mm

2. Natural period of vibration

T= 2π
√
m
K
m = 50000+180(6) =51080 kg

T= 2π
√ 51080
7.05 x 106

T= 0.53 sec.

3. Base shear

2
Sa =1.6 m/s

V = m Sa

V = 51080(1.6)

V = 81728 N

Problem 110:

Given the following data available at a location where an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 occurs
having a maximum acceleration (spectral acceleration) of 0.40g. If a water tank having a total
weight of 45 kN is supported by a slender column with a flexural rigidity of 1700 * 10 ^ 3
kN.m². The height of the column is 15 m. Neglecting the weight of the column.

1. Compute the stiffness of the water tower in kN/m.

2. Compute the natural period of vibration in seconds.
3. Compute the base shear.

Solution:

1. Stiffness of the water tower

 3 EI
K= 3
L

3
3(1700)10
K=
153

K = 1511 kN/m

2. Natural period of vibration

T= 2π
√
m
K
T= 2π
√
m
gK

T= 2π
√ 45
9.81(1511)

T= 0.346 sec.

3. Base shear: Spectral acceleration or max. acceleration = 0.40g

V = Sa W

V = ma

W
V= ( 0.40 ) g
g

V = 0.40W

V = 0.40(45)

V = 18 kN

Problem 111:

Columns A and B supports a block of identical mass of 500 kg. The height of column B is 6
m and that of A is 3 m. Columns are fixed at the bottom and free at the top. Flexural rigidity
(El) for both columns are the same. If the fundamental period of vibration for the column A is
0.6 sec, neglecting the weight of columns, determine the period of vibration of column B.
Solution:

Stiffness of each system:

3 EI
K1 = 3
L1

3 EI
K2 = 3
L2

K1 L31= K2 L32

K1(3)3=K 2 (6)3

K1 = 8 K 2

T= 2π
√ m
K

For column A:

T= 2π
√ m1
K1

0.60= 2π
√ 500
K1

500
=0.0091189
K1

K 1=54831

K1
K2 =
8

54831
K2 =
8

K2 = 6853.90
For column B:

T= 2π
√ m1
K2

T2= 2π
√ 500
6853.90

T2 = 1.70 sec.

Problem 112: CE Board May 2018

A mass hangs on two parallel springs. The individual spring stiffness are K1 and K2. What is
the total composite spring constant?

K1 K2
A) C) K 1 + K 2
K 1+ K 2

1 1
B) + D) K 1 K 2
K1 K2

Problem 113:

It refers to flexibility of a structure.

A) Reciprocal of rigidity C) Static deflection

B) Reciprocal of deflection D) Reciprocal of stiffness
Problem 114:

The pendulums shown carries equal mass of 500 kg each and are hanging on an ideal spring
on frictionless pivots. The period of vibrations for the pendulums are 2 sec. and 4 sec.
respectively for pendulums A and B. What is the relation of the stiffness of pendulum A to
that of B?

Solution:

Fundamental of vibration:

T= 2π
√ m
K

For pendulum A:

T1= 2π
√ m
K1

2 2
T 1 K 1=4 π m

T2= 2π
√ m
K2

2 2
T 2 K 2=4 π m

2 2
T 1 K 1=T 2 K 2

K 1=4 K 2

Stiffness of A = 4 times stiffness of B

Problem 115:

A 3-kg mass hangs from two springs having stiffness shown in the figure. Assume that the
block is constrained so that it does not rotate.

K1 = 1600N / m
K2 = 800N / m

1. Compute the total composite spring constant.

2. Compute the natural period of vibration.

3. Compute the angular frequency

Solution:

1. Total composite spring constant

K = K1+K2

K = 1600+800

K = 2400 N/m

2. Natural period of vibration

T= 2π
√ m
K

T= 2π
√ 3
2400

T = 0.222 sec.

3. Angular frequency

2π
ω=
T

2π
ω=
0.222
ω = 28.30 cycles /sec
Problem 116:

A 3-kg mass hangs from two ideal springs with spring constant K1 = 1700 N/m and K2 =
800N / m. The two ideal springs are parallel to each other.

1. Compute the total composite spring constant.

2. Compute the natural period of vibration in sec.

3. Compute the linear natural frequency in cycles per sec

Solution:

1. Total composite spring constant

K = K1+K2

K = 1700+800

K = 2500 N/m

2. Natural period of vibration in sec.

T= 2π
√ m
K

T= 2π
√ 3
2500

T = 0.218 sec.

3. Linear natural frequency in cycles per sec.

1
f=
T

1
f= =4.59 cycles/ sec
T
Problem 117:

Determine the spring constant for the system of springs in series if K1 = 20000kN / m K2 =
30000kN / m

Solution:

K1 K2
K=
K 1+ K 2

20000(30000)
K=
20000+30000

K = 12000 kN /m

Problem 118:

Find the resultant spring constant for springs in parallel if a unit force is applied at 0.

Solution:

K = ¿¿

K = ¿¿

K = 4909.09 kN/m

SHEAR AND LATERAL LOADS ON

STRUCTURES HAVING DIFFERENT RIGIDITIES

Problem 119:

The roof of the structure shown is rigid. If a lateral load of 110 kN is applied at the roof.

1. What is the resisting shear in column A?

2. What is the resisting shear in column B?
3. What is the resisting shear in column C?
Solution:

1. Resisting shear in column A

I = I1+I2+I3

I = (40+160+240)106

I = 400 X 106

Resisting shear in column A

40
VA = (110)
440

VA = 10 kN

2. Resisting shear in column B

160
VA = (110)
440

VA = 40 kN

3. Resisting shear in column C

240
VA = (110)
440

VA = 60 kN
Problem 120

A one-story warehouse is built with a concrete roof. The total horizontal design load at the
southwall roof line is 220 kN as shown in the figure.

1. Determine the lateral load carried by pier A.

2. Determine the lateral load carried by pier B.
3. Determine the lateral load carried by pier C.

Solution:

1. Lateral load carried by pier A

Total rigidity:

R = RA+ RB +RC

R = 2.5 + 6 + 2.5

R = 11.00

(2.5)(220)
F1 =
2.5+6+2.5

F1 = 50 kN

2. Lateral load carried by pier B

F2 = ¿ ¿

F2 = 120 kN

3. Lateral load carried by pier B

F3 = ¿ ¿

F3 = 50 kN

Check:

F1+F2+F3 = 220
50+120+50 = 220

Problem: 121

A one-story warehouse is built with a plywood roof. The total horizontal design load at the
southwall roof line is 220 kN as shown in the figure.

1. Determine the lateral load carried by pier A.

2. Determine the lateral load carried by pier B.
3. Determine the lateral load carried by pier C.

Solution:

1. Lateral load carried by pier A

(220)( 4)
F1 =
4 +8+ 4

F1 = 55 kN
2. Lateral load carried by pier B

F2 = ¿ ¿

F2 = 110 kN

3. Lateral load carried by pier B

F3 = ¿ ¿

F3 = 55 kN

Check:

F1+F2+F3 = 220
55+110+55 = 220

Problem 122:

A one-story facility used for bodega is built with steel frames and concrete shear wall. The
total horizontal design load P = 700 kN acting at the roof line.
For the steel frame, the lateral deflection is 2 mm and for the shear wall the deflection is only
4 mm.

1. Compute the rigidity of the shear wall.

2. Calculate the lateral load carried by each steel frame.
3. Calculate the lateral load carried by the shear wall.

Solution:

1. Rigidity of shear wall

Rigidity = reciprocal of deflection

R=¼

R = 0.25mm

2. Lateral load carried by steel frame

Rigidity of steel frame = ½

Rigidity of steel frame = 0.50

Lateral load carried by steel frame:

Solution:

(700)( 0.50)
F1 =
0.50+0.25+ 0.50

F1 = 280 kN = F3

3. Lateral load carried by pier C

( 700)( 0.25)
F2 =
0.50+0.25+ 0.50

F2 = 140 kN

Check:

F1+F2+F3 = 700
280+140+280 = 700

Story Drift

Story Drift = the lateral displacement of one level relative to the level above or below.

∆m= max total drift or total story drift caused by the design level earthquake.

a) Maximum inelastic response displacements ∆m

 ∆m = 0.70 R ∆S
∆S= lateral displacement at a given floor

b) Story drift in story due to ∆m between level 3 and 2.

∆m drift = ∆m3 - ∆m2

(∆m) Story Drift Limitation

1. When T < 0.7 sec. (structures natural period) (short period structures)
∆m = 0.7R∆S
∆m ≤ 0.025h

where:

R = seismic response modification factor

h = story height

2. When T >= 0.7 sec. (long period structures

∆m ≤ 0.02h

When simplified analysis is used to determine the total design base shear.

∆m = 0.01h

where: h = story height

How to compute the design level response displacement ∆S in the first story:

where R = seismic response modification factor

∆S = story drift (different in displacement between floors)

①when T < 0.7 sec.
∆m = 0.025 h
② when T >= 0.7 sec.
∆m = 0.020 h

For simplified analysis is used for the total design base shear.
∆m = 0.01 h

Lateral Displacement of Structures

Problem 123:

A 4-story moment-resisting steel structure has an equal story height of 3.6 m. at each story.

1. Determine the natural period of the structure.

2. Determine the design level response displacement in the 3rd story.
3. Determine whether the maximum inelastic response distacement is permissible in the third
story.

Solution:

1. Natural period of the structure

T = Ct h ¾

T = 0.0853(14.4)0.75

T = 0.63 sec. < 0.70 sec

2. Design level response displacement in the 3rd story

∆S = 48.51 – 35.54

∆S = 12.97 mm

3. Check if the inelastic response displacement is permissible in the third story

∆S = 12.97

∆M = 0.7 R ∆S

∆M = 0.7(8.5) (12.97)

∆M = 77.17

∆M should be less than 0.025h when T < 0.70 sec.

∆M = 0.025h(max. inelastic response displacement)
∆M = 0.025(3600)
∆M = 90 mm
77.17 mm < 90 mm ok (its permissible)

Problem 124:

A 3-story steel moment-resisting frame is subjected to the following lateral loads at each
level, together with each stiffness K.

1. Determine the displacement at level 1.

2. Determine the displacement at level 2.
3. Determine the displacement at level 3
Solution:

1. Displacement at level 1 (K1 = 300 kN/mm)

F 1 + F 2+ F 3
S1 =
K1

1200+800+ 400
S1 =
300

S1 = 8 mm

2. Displacement at level 2 (K2 = 200 kN/mm)

F3+ F2
S2 = + S1
K1

1200+800
S2 = +8
200

S2 = 18 mm

3. Displacement at level 3 (K2 = 100 kN/mm)

F3
S3 = + S2
K1

1200
S3 = +18
100

S3 = 30 mm
Problem 125:

A 3-story steel moment resisting frame shown carries the given lateral loads and floor loads
as shown.

1. Compute the displacement at level.

2. Compute the displacement at level.
3. Compute the displacement at level.

Solution:

1. Displacement at level 1

F 1 + F 2+ F 3
S1 =
K1

1200+800+ 400
S1 =
600

S1 = 4 mm

2. Displacement at level 2
 F3+ F2
S2 = S1+
K1

1200+800
S2 = 4+
400

S2 = 9 mm

3. Displacement at level 3 (K2 = 100 kN/mm)

F3
S3 = S2+
K1

1200
S3 = 9+
300

S3 = 13 mm

Story Drift of Frames

Problem 126: CE Board Nov. 2017

It is a type of vertical structural irregularity where the story stiffness is either less than 70%
of that in the story above or less than 80% of the average stiffness of the three stories above.

a) Soft story c) In-plane offset

b) Bearing walls d) Shear walls

Problem 127: CE Board Nov. 2017

It is the displacement of one level relative to the level above or below.

a) Eccentricity c) Story drift

b) Spring constant d) Deflection

Problem 128:
A 4-story moment-resisting steel structure has equal story heights of 3.6 m. at each story and
a natural period of T = 0.70 sec. R = 8.5 seismic response modification factor.
1. Compute the allowable displacement on the first story.
2. If the displacement at the top level of the structure is 45 mm and that of the next lower
level is 26 mm, determine the story drift ratio.
3. If the displacement in the 3rd story is 25 mm, compute the design level response
displacement in the third story.

Solution:

1. Allowable displacement on the first story

∆M = 0.02h for T≥ 0.7sec

∆M = 0.02(3600) = 72 mm

∆M = 0.7R∆S
75 = 0.7(8.5) ∆S
∆S = 12.1 mm

S1 = 0+∆S
S1 = 0+12.1 = 12.1 mm

2. Story drift ratio

∆S = 45-26
∆S = 19 mm (top story) resulting deformation

∆S
Story drift ratio =
h

19
Story drift ratio =
3600

Story drift ratio = 0.0053< 0.02 ok

3. Design level response displacement in the third story

∆ S =S3-S2
∆ S = 45-25
∆ S = 20 mm ( design level response displacement in the 3rd story )
Problem 129:

A 4-story special moment-resisting frame has a total height of 14.4 m.

R = 8.5 I = 1.0 Ct = 0.0853

1. Compute the max. inelastic response displacement ∆ m at level 4.

2. Compute the story drift in level 3 due to ∆ m.
3. Compute the max. allowable story drift limit for level 3.
Solution:

1. Max. inelastic response displacement ∆ m at level 4

∆ m= 0.70 R ∆ S

∆ m= 0.70 (8.5)(38)
∆ m= 226.10 mm

2. story drift in level 3 due to ∆ m

∆ m 3 = 0.70(8.5)(26) = 154.7 mm

∆ m 2 = 0.70(8.5)(16) = 95.2 mm

Story drift in story 3 = 154.7 – 95.2

Story drift in story 3 = 59.5 mm

3. Max. allowable story drift limit for level 3

Story drift in story 3 = 59.5 mm

T = C 1 H 3 /4

T = 0.0853(14.4¿0.75

T = 0.63 sec < 0.7 sec

Story drift limit = 0.025h

Story drift limit = 0.025(3600)

Story drift limit = 90 mm > 59.5 mm ok

Problem 130:

A 4-story special moment-resisting steel structure has equal story heights of 3.6 m. The
displacement at each story are indicated in the figure. Seismic response modification factor R
= 8.5

1.Determine the design level response displacement in the 3rd story.

2. Compute the max. inelastic response displacement ∆M in the first story using the relation
∆M = 0.7R∆S first story.
3. Determine the story drift ratio in the top story.
Solution:

1. Design level response displacement in the 3rd story

∆S = 40-25

∆S = 15 mm

2. Max. inelastic response displacement in the first story

∆M = 0.7R∆S

∆M = 0.7(8.5)(10)

∆M = 59.5 mm

Check:

∆M < h 0.020h

∆M = 0.020(3.6)(1000)

∆M = 72 mm > 59.5 mm ok

3. Story drift ratio in the top story

∆S = 55-40

∆S = 15 mm (story drift)

Story drift
Story drift ratio =
Story height
 15
Story drift ratio = = 0.0042
3600

Problem 131:

A one-story building shown has a displacement of 50 mm due to a lateral seismic load of 150
kN. If the height of the building is 6 m, compute the story drift ratio.

Solution:

Story drift ratio = story drift divided by the story height

50
Story drift ratio = = 0.00833
6(1000)

Problem 132:

A three-story timber framed bearing wall structure has a story height of h = 3.6 m. and a
natural period of T = 0.8 sec. What is the maximum allowable story drift ratio?

Solution: For a natural period of T >0.7 sec.

Story drift = 0.02h
Story drift = 0.020(3600)
story drift
Allowable story drift ratio =
story height
0.020(3600)
Allowable story drift ratio = = 0.020
3600
Building Separations

Building separations are necessary to prevent or reduce the possibility of two adjacent
structures impacting during earthquake.

∆M1 = maximum inelastic floor displacement under seismic forces of structure

∆M1 = 0.7R∆S1

∆S1= lateral displacement at the top level of structure

∆M2 = maximum inelastic floor displacement under seismic forces of structure 2

∆M2 = 0.7R∆S2

∆S2= lateral displacement at the top level of structure②

∆MT Separation:

∆MT = √ ¿ ¿
Problem 133:

The following are the tabulated data of static displacements of two adjacent structures A and
B.

Seismic Response Modification Factor (R)

R A = 8.5 for structure A

R B = 7.0 for structure B

1. Compute the maximum inelastic floor displacement at the top of structure A.

2. Compute the maximum inelastic floor displacement at the top of structure B.
3. Determine the required separation.

Solution:

1. Max. inelastic floor displacement at the top of structure A

∆ M 1 = 0.7R∆S

∆ M 1= 0.7(8.5)(42)

∆ M 1= 249.9mm
2. Max. inelastic floor displacement at the top of structure B

∆ M 2 = 0.7R∆S

∆ M 2= 0.7(7)(38.75)

∆ M 2= 189.88mm

3. Required separation

∆MT = √ ¿ ¿2

∆MT = √ ¿ ¿

∆MT = 313.85mm

Problem 134

Below are the tabulated static displacement of each structure.

1. Compute the maximum inelastic floor displacement at level 3 of structure.
2. Compute the maximum inelastic floor displacement at level 3 of structure 2.
3. Determine the required separation.

Solution:

1. Max. inelastic floor displacement at level 3

∆ M 1 = 0.7R1∆S1

∆ M 1= 0.7(8.5)(34.6)

∆ M 1= 205.87 mm

2. Max. inelastic floor displacement at level 3 of structure

∆ M 2 = 0.7R2∆S2

∆ M 2= 0.7(8.5)(28.36)
∆ M 2= 138.96 mm

3. Required separation

∆MT = √ ¿ ¿2

∆MT = √ ¿ ¿

∆MT = 250.87 mm

Problem 135:

Two adjacent buildings A and B have elastic response displacements of 50 mm and 70 mm

respectively.

1. Compute the max. inelastic response displacement of building A.

2. Compute the max. inelastic response displacement of building B.
3. Compute the sufficient distance between all parts of these two buildings to avoid damaging
impact while the buildings are responding to earthquake motion independently.

Solution:

1. Max. inelastic response displacement of building A

∆ M 1 = 0.7R1∆S1

∆ M 1= 0.7(7.5)(50)

∆ M 1= 262.5 mm
2. Max. inelastic response displacement of building B

∆ M 2 = 0.7R2∆S2

∆ M 2= 0.7(6.4)(70)

∆ M 2= 313.6 mm

3. Sufficient distance between all parts of the two buildings to avoid damaging impact while
the buildings are responding to earthquake motion

∆MT = √ ¿ ¿2

∆MT = √ ¿ ¿

∆MT = 408.96 mm

Problem 136:

Two adjacent structures A and B have equal maximum elastic displacement of 250 mm at the
top of each structure having the same height.

Types of Structure Amplification Importance

Factor Factor

A (moment-resisting steel frame) 5.5 I e =1.0

B (concrete shear bearing wall system) 5.0 I e =1.0

Determine the required minimum separation.

Solution:

1. For structure A:

Cd S max
∆ M1 =
Ie

5.5(250)
∆ M1 =
1.0

∆ M 1 = 1375 mm

2. For structure B:

Cd S max
∆ M2 =
Ie

5.0(250)
∆ M2 =
1.0

∆ M 2 = 1250 mm

3. Min. Separation:

∆MT = √ ¿ ¿2

∆MT = √ ¿ ¿

∆MT = 1858.26 mm

Problem 137:

A moment-resisting steel frame structure is located next to a vacant space on the same
property near Ayala Mall Center. Another investor wants to build a second structure adjacent
to the existing structure using reinforced concrete bearing wall system. Both structures have
max. displacement of 120 mm. Compute the required minimum separation of the two
buildings.

For the moment-resisting steel frame the following properties are as follows:
Deflection amplification factor, C d = 5.5
Importance factor, l = 1
For the reinforced concrete bearing wall system:
Deflection amplification factor, C d= 5.0
Importance factor, I = 1.0

Cd S max
Use SM = for both structures
I

Solution:

For the moment - resisting steel frame:

Cd S max
SM1 =
I

5.5(120)
SM1 =
1.0

SM1 = 660 mm

For the reinforced concrete

bearing wall system:

Cd S max
SM2 =
I

5.0(120)
SM2 =
1.0

SM2 = 600 mm

Min. required separation for the two buildings:

SMT = √ ¿ ¿2

SMT = √ ¿ ¿

SMT = 892 mm say 900 mm

Problem 138:

The office buildings will be built adjacent to each other on the same property in I.T. Park,
Cebu. Special moment resisting steel frame is proposed for structures A and B. The elastic
displacement of structure A is 50 mm and that of B is 65 mm.

Seismic response modification factor R are as following:

R A = 7.5 for structure A

R B= 6.5 for structure B

Determine the sufficient distance between all parts of these two buildings to avoid damaging
impact while the building are responding to an earthquake motion.

Solution:

1. For structure A:

∆ M 1 = 0.7R1∆S1

∆ M 1= 0.7(7.5)(50)

∆ M 1= 262.5 mm

2. For structure B:

∆ M 2 = 0.7R2∆S2

∆ M 2= 0.7(6.5)(65)

∆ M 2= 295.75 mm

3. Min. required separation:

∆MT = √ ¿ ¿2

∆MT = √ ¿ ¿

∆MT = 395.44 mm

Calculation of Base Shear for Structures Subjected to a Spectral Acceleration for a

Certain Natural Period of the Structure

W Sa I
V=
R

where:

v = base shear
Sa = spectral acceleration
R = seismic response modification factor
R=3

Problem 139:

A water tank in a subdivision in Pasig is mounted on a steel tower as shown in the figure. The
tank weighs 260 kN including its contents. From the site specific response curve for the
locality, it shows that it has a spectral acceleration of 1.2 g for a natural period of 0.3 seconds.

Importance factor: I = 1.25

Permit a one-third increase in allowable stresses for all combinations including wind
or earthquake.
Assume only 85% of the load will be used for computation of restoring moment of the
column supports.

1. Determine the base shear if the seismic response modification factor R = 3

2. Determine the overturning and restoring moment on one column considering 1/3 increase
in allowable stresses for earthquake.
3. Determine the design uplift in one column.

Solution:

1. Base shear

F=V

W Sa I
V=
R
 260(1.2)(1.25)
V=
3

V = 130.5 kN

2. Overturning and restoring moment on one column

Overturning moment of one column:

O.M.= 130.5(10)(1.33)

O.M.= 1735.65kN.m. for 2 columns

O.M.= 867.825kN.m. for one column

Restoring moment of one column:

W (3)
R.M.= (0.85)
2

R.M.= 260(1.5)(0.85)

R.M.= 331.5kN.m. for 2 columns

R.M.= 165.75kN.m. for 1 column

3. Design uplift in one column

T(3) =O.M.-R.M.

T(3) = 867.825 - 165.75

T = 234.03kN (net uplift force for one column)

Lateral Force on Elements of Structures, Non-Structural Components and Equipment

Supported by Structures

Total Design Lateral Seismic Force:

F p=4.0 C a I p W p
 ap C a I p hx
F p= [1+ ]W p
Rp hr

But: a) not less than 0.7C a I p W p

b) not more than 4.0 C a I p W p

where: a p = the in-structure component amplification factor that varies from 1.0 to 2.5. It
should not be less than 1.0.

C a = seismic coefficient
I p = importance factor
W p = weight of an element or component
h x= the element or component attachment elevation with
respect to grade
hr = structure roof elevation with respect to grade
R p= numerical coefficient representative of the inherent overstrength and ductility capacity of
lateral force resisting systems

Problem 140:

A generator and a motor pump are placed at the base of the building structure and at the roof
of the building.

Weight of generator: W p =300 kN

1

Weight of motor pump: W p =200 kN

2

C a = 0.40 I p = 1.0
R p = 1.5 a p= 1.0
1. Determine the lateral force at the base of the structure.
2. Determine the lateral force at the roof.
3. Determine the total base shear.

Solution:

1. Lateral force at the base of the structure

Fp =
1
a p Ca I p W p
Rp ( )
[1+3
hx
hr
]

Fp =
1
1.0 (0.40)(1)(300)
1.5
[1+3
0
18 ( )
]

F p = 80 kN
1

Check: F p must not be less than F p= 0.70C a I p W p

1

F p = 0.70(0.4 )(1.0)(300)
1

F p = 84 kN
1

Check: F p must not be greater than F p= 0.40C a I p W p

1

F p = 4(0.4 )(1.0)(300)
1

F p = 480 kN
1
Use Fp₁ = 84 kN (lateral force at the base)
2. Lateral force at the roof

F p=
ap C a I pW p
Rp
[1+
( )
hx
hr
]

Fp =
1
1.0 (0.40)(1)(200)
1.5
[1+
18
18( )
]

F p = 106.67 kN
1

Check: F p must not be less than F p =0.70C a I p W p

2 2

F p =0.70(0.4)(1.0)(200)
2

F p =56 kN ok
2

Check: F P 2 must not be greater than F p =0.0C a I p W p

2

F p =4(0.4)(1.0)(200)
2

F p =320 kN
2

Use F p =106.67 kN (lateral force at the roof)

2

3. Total base shear

V =F p +F p
1 2

V = 84 + 106.67

V = 190.67kN

Approximate Analysis of Lateral Loads in Building Frames Using Portal Method and
Cantilever Method

A. Portal Method

Portal Method is most suitable for buildings having low elevation and uniform
framing.
Assumptions of portal method of analyzing fixed supported building frames.
1. A hinged is placed at the center of each girder and each column since this is assumed to be
a point of zero moment.
2. At a given floor level, the shear at the interior column hinges is twice that at the exterior
column hinges.

B. Cantilever Method

Cantilever Method is most appropriate for frames which is tall and slender and has columns
with different cross sectional areas.

Assumptions of cantilever method of analyzing fixed supported building frames.

1. A hinged is placed at the center of each girder and each column since this is assumed to be
a point of zero moment.
2. The axial stress in a column is proportional to its distance from the centroid of the cross
sectional areas of the columns at a given floor level.

Locate the centroid of columns:

Ax̄ = A1X1+A2X2+A3X3

3x̄ = 1(0)+1(6)+1(14)

M = 25(5) + 50 (2)

M = 225 kN.m

MC
F1 =
I
I = A1(X1)2+A2(X2)2+A3(X3)2

I = 1(6.7)2+1(0.7)2+1(7.3)2

I = 98.67

MC
f1 =
I

225(6.7)
f1 =
98.67

f1 =15.28

Vertical reaction at A:

R1 = f1A1 = 15.28(1) = 15.28 kN

MC
f2 =
I

225(0.7)
f2 =
98.67

f2 = 1.60

Vertical reaction at B:

R2 = f2A2 = 1.60(1) = 1.60 kN

MC
f3 =
I

225(7.3)
f3 =
98.67

f3 = 16.65

Vertical reaction at C:

R3 = F3A3

R3 = 16.65(1)
R3 = 16.65kN

Problem 141:

A steel resisting moment frame has a total height of m. and carries the following loads on
each level.

1. Compute the total lateral force on level 5.

2. Using Portal method, find the horizontal shear carried by member BF.
3. Using Portal method, compute the vertical shear on member BC.

Solution:
1. Total lateral force on level 5

T = C t h3 /4

T = 0.0853(18.4)3/4

T = 0.758 > 0.70 sec.

Ft = 0.07TV but not greater than 0.25V

Ft = 0.07(0.758)(600)

Ft = 31.84 kN < 0.25(600) = 150 kN ok

Level

Level Wx hx Wx hx
1 2400 4 9600
2 2000 7.6 15200
3 1800 11.2 20160
4 1600 14.8 23680
5 900 18.4 16560
Ʃ Wx hx

W x h x (V −F t )
Fs =
ƩW x h x

Total lateral force at level 5:

F = FS + F T

F = 110.43 + 31.84

F = 142.27kN

2. Horizontal shear carried by member BF

6V = 142.27
V = 23.71kN

2V = 47.42kN

Horizontal shear carried by member BF = 47.42kN

3. Vertical shear on member BC

ƩMA = 0

3V1 = 23.71(1.8)

V1 = 14.226 kN

ƩMB = 0

V1(3) + V2(3) = 47.42(1.8)

14.226(3)+3V2 = 85.356

V2 = 14.226 kN (vertical shear on member BC)

Problem 142:

From the given frame shown it is subjected to lateral loads of 20 kN and 30 kN acting at G
and D respectively. Using Portal Method.

1. Compute the vertical reaction at C.

2. Compute the shear at M.
3. Compute the moment at A.

Solution:

1. Vertical reaction at C

ƩMR= 0

5(2.5) = F1(4)
F1= 3.125kN

F1= F2=3.125 kN

ƩMS = 0
3.125(8) + F3(4)=2.5(10)

F3 = 0

F4 = 3.125

ƩMM = 0

T1(4) = 5(2.5) + 12.5(3) + 3.125(4)

T1 = 15.625

ƩFv = 0
T2+3.125 = 15.625
T2 = 12.5 kN

ƩMN = 0

12.5(8)+4T3 = 10(2.5)+25(3)

T3 = 0

T4 = 12.5 kN

Vertical reaction at C:

T5= 12.5 + 3.125

T5= 15.625

RC= 15.625kN

2. Shear at M

VM = 12.5kN
3. Moment at A

MA = 12.5(3)

MA = 37.5 kN.m
Problem 143:

A given frame shown is subjected to lateral loads of 30 kN and 50 kN acting at joints C and B
respectively. Using Portal Method of analysis.

1. Compute the moment at D.

2. Compute the moment at FC at joint F.
3. Compute the axial force of column AB.
Solution:

1. Moment at D

Momnet at D = 40 (3)
MA = 120 kN.m.

2. Moment at FC at joint F

ƩMJ = 0

7.5(2) = T1(4)

T1 = 3.75 kN

T2 = 3.75 kN

ƩMK = 0

8(3.75) +T3(4) = 15(2)

T3 = 0

MFC = 3.75(4)
MFC = 15 kN.m

3. Axial force of column AB

ƩML = 0

T5(4) = 3.75(4) + 7.5(2) + 20(3)

T5 = 0
Axial force AB = 22.5 kN

Problem 144:
From the given frame shown which is subjected to a lateral load of 30 kN at C and 15 kN at
point B. Using Portal Method of analysis.

1. Which of the following gives the reaction at the

base of the column at F.
2. Which of the following gives the moment at the
base of the column at A.
3. Which of the following gives the shear at the
beam BE.

Solution:

Reaction at the base of column at F

ƩMI = 0

6R1 = 30(6) + 15(2)

R1= 35 kN

RF = √(35)2 + ( 22.5 )2
RF = 41.61 kN
2. Moment at the base of column A

MA = 22.5(2)

MA = 45 kN.m

3. Shear at beam BE

ƩMH = 0

6R2 = 30(2)

R2= 10 kN

R3= 22.5 = 15 + 15

R3= 7.5 kN

ƩFv = 0

VBE + 10 = 35

VBE = 25 kN (shear at beam BE)

Check:

ƩMB = 0
3VBE = 22.5(2) + 15 (2)
VBE = 25 kN
Problem 145:

From the given frame, it is subjected to a lateral load of 80 kN at D. Using Portal Method of
analysis.

1. Compute the axial load of column AD.

2. Compute the moment at the base of column BE.
3. Compute the moment of beam EF at joint E.

Solution:

1. Axial load of column AD

ƩMa = 0

4 (20) = F1 (4)

F₁ = 20 kN

2. Moment at the base of column BE

ƩFv=0

V1 = 20 kN

ƩFv=0

F2 = 80-20

F2 = 60 kN
ƩMb = 0

(2.5)F3+ 20(6.5) = 40(4)

F3 = 12 kN

Moment at base of column BE:

Mb = 40(4)

Mb = 160 kN.m.

3. Moment of beam EF at joint E

ƩFv = 0

V2 = 20 + 12

V2 = 32kN

ME = 32(2.5)

ME = 80 kN.m
\
Problem 146:

A two-story reinforced concrete moment resisting frame carries the following dead loads
(including weight of walls).
Ct = 0.0731 V = 340 kN

Using Portal Method of Analysis

1. Compute the moment at D due to dead loads.

2. Compute the moment of beam FC at F.
3. Compute the vertical shear of member BE due to dead loads.

Solution:

1. Moment at D
T = 0.0731H3/4
T = 0.0731(10)(3/4)
T =0.411 sec. (period of the structure)

F1 = 0 when T < 0.7 sec.

Level Wx hx Wx hx
1 1200 6 72000
2 4000 10 40000

W x hx
F2 = Ft + (V-Ft)
ƩW x h x

40000
F2 = 0 + (340−0)
112000

F2 = 121.43 kN

W x hx
F1 = (V-Ft)
ƩW x h x

72000
F1 = (340−0)
112000

F1 = 218.57 kN

Check:

V = F1 + F2

340 = 218.57 + 121.43

340 = 340 ok
Check:

85 + 85 + 170 = 121.43 + 218.57

340 = 340

Moment at D = 170(3)
Moment at D = 510 kN.m

2. Moment of beam FC at F

ƩMK = 0 (hinged)
30.36(2) = T1(4)
T1 = 15.18
ƩFv = 0
T1 = T2 = 15.18
ƩMM = 0 (hinged)
15.18(8) + T3(4) = 60.72(2)
T3 = 0
T4 = T2 = 15.18 kN
MFC = 15.18(4)
MFC = 60.72 kN.m

Shear of member BE

ƩMo = 0

30.36(2) + 15.18(4) + 85(3) = T5(4)

T5= 94.11kN

T5= 15.18 + T_{6}

T6= 94.11 - 15.18

T6= 78.93kN shear at BE

Problem 147:

A steel resisting moment frame has a total height of the following loads on each level. m. and
carries

Floor level Dead loads

1 900kN
2 1600kN
3 1800kN
4 2000kN
5 2400kN

C t=0.0853 Base shear, V = 600kN

1. Compute the total lateral force on level 5.
2. Determine the vertical shear carried by member BC using Cantilever method.
3. Determine the horizontal shear on member BF.

Solution:

1. Total lateral force on level 5

T = Cth3/4
T = 0.0853(18.4)3/4
T = 0.758 > 0.70 sec.

Ft = 0.07TV but not greater than 0.25V

Ft = 0.07(0.758)(600)
Ft = 31.84kN < 0.25(600) = 150kN ok

Level Wx hx Wxhx

1 2400 4 9600
2 2000 7.6 15200
3 1800 11.2 20160
4 1600 14.8 23680
5 900 18.4 16560
Ʃ Wxhx = 85200

W x h x (V −F 1)
Fs =
Ʃ W x hx
 16560(600−31.84)
Fs =
85200

Fs = 110.43 kN

Total lateral force at level 5:

F = F5+Ft

F = 110.43 + 31.84

F = 142.27kN

2. Vertical shear carried by member BC using Cantilever method

Assume area of 1 column = 1.0
M = 142.27(1.8)
M = 256.09

I = [1(9)2+1(3)2]2
I = 180

MC
P1=
I

256.09(9)
P1=
180

P1= 12.80

MC
P2=
I

256.09(3)
P2=
180

P2= 4.27 kN

V2 = 12.8 + 4.27

V2 = 17.07kN (vertical shear carried by member BC)

3. Horizontal shear on member BF

ƩMB= 0
12.8(3) + 17.07(3) =VBF (1.8)
VBF =49.78 kN

Problem 148:

A two-story concrete moment-resisting frame carries the following loads:

W1 = 12000kN
W2 = 4000kN
V = 340kN
Ct = 0.0731

Using cantilever method of analysis,

1. Compute the reaction at column Fl.

2. Compute the moment at D.
3. Compute the shear of member AB.

Solution:

1. Reaction at column FI

T = Cth3/4
T = 0.0853(18.4)3/4
T = 0.758 > 0.70 sec.
Use Ft

Level hx Wx Wxhx

1 6 12000 72000
2 10 4000 40000
Ʃ Wxhx = 85200

W x h x (V −F 1)
F1 = (V-Ft)
Ʃ W x hx
 72000
F1 = (340-0)
112000

F1 = 218.57 kN

W x h x (V −F 1)
F2 = (V-Ft)
Ʃ W x hx

40000
F2 = (340-0)
112000

F2 = 121.43 kN

Assume all columns have cross-sectional area of unity. Locate the centroid of the columns.

A1 = 1 A2 = 1 A3 = 1

A = A1 + A 2 + A 3
A=3

A x̄ = A1x1+A2x2+A3x3
3 x̄ = 1(0)+1(6)+1(14)
x̄ = 6.67 m

I = 1(6.67)2 + 1(0.67)2 + 1(7.33)2

I = 98.67

M = 121.43(7) + 218.57(3)
M = 1505.72 kN.m

MC P3 = f3A3
f3 =
I P3 = 111.86(1)
1505.72(7.33) P3 = 111.86 kN (column FI)
f3 =
98.67
f3 = 111.86 kN/m2

2. Moment at D
M = 121.43(2)
M= 242.86kN.m

MC
f1 =
I
1505.72(7.33)
f1 =
98.67
f1 = 111.86 kN/m2

PAD =f1A1
PAD =16.42(1)
PAD =16.42kN

ƩMJ = 0
16.42(3) = H1(2)
H1 = 24.63 (horizontal shear of member AD)

Moment at D:
MD = 24.63(2)
MD = 49. 26kN.m
Shear of member AB

ƩFv= 0

V = 16.42 (shear of member AB)

Problem 149: CE Board Nov. 2006

From the given frame shown and using Cantilever method of analysis.

1. Which of the following gives the location of the centroid from the right most column
2. Which of the following gives the axial force at column CF.
3. Which of the following gives the moment AD at joint D

Solution:

1. Centroid from right most column:

A x̄ = A1x1 + A2x2 + A3x3

3 x̄ = 1(0) + 1(6) + 1(14)
x̄ = 6.67m
14 - x = 7.33m from right most column

2. Axial force at column CF:

I = (1)(6.67)2+ (1)(0.67)2 + (1)(7.33)2
I = 98.67m4

M 1C
PCF = ( )( A3 )
I
M1 = 25(1.5) = 37.5

PCF = 37.5(7.33) 98.67 (1)

PCF =2.79 kN

3. Moment AD at joint D:

M 1C
PAD = ( )( A1 )
I

PAD = 37.5(6.67) 98.67 (1)

PAD =2.53(1) =2.53 kN

ƩMO= 0
2.53(3) =VAD (1.5)
VAD =5.06 kN
MD= 5.06(1.5)
MD = 7.59kN .m

Problem 150:
From the given frame it is subjected to a lateral loads of 36 kN and 45 kN. Using cantilever
method.

1. Locate the centroid of the group of columns from the left side.
2. Compute the axial force of the column 1
3. Compute the horizontal shear of column1
4. Compute the shear of beam 4.
5. Compute the axial force of column 2.
6. Compute the horizontal shear force of column 2.
7. Compute the axial force of column 3.
8. Compute the horizontal shear force of column 3.
Solution:

1. Centroid of the group of columns from the left side

6500
A1 = = 1.00
6500
5200
A2 = = 0.8
6500
3900
A3 = = 0.60
6500
6500
A4 = = 1.00
6500

A = A1+A2+A3+A4
Ax̄ = A1x1+A2x2+A3x3
A = 3.4
3.4x̄ = 1(0)+0.8(6)+(0.60)(10.6)+1(18.2)
x̄ = 8.64 m.

2. Axial force of the column

M = 36(1.8)
M= 64.8kN .m

I = 1(8.64)2 + 0.8(2.64)2 + 0.6(1.96)2 + 1(9.56)2

I = 173.92mm4

P1 = f1A1
MC
P1 = ( ¿( A 1)
I
64.8(8.64)
P1 = ( ¿(1)
173.92
P1 = 3.22kN (axial force of col. 1)
3. Horizontal shear of column
ƩMA= 0 V1(1.8) = 3.22(3)
V1= 5.37kN (horizontal shear of col. ①)

4. Shear of beam

V4= 3.22kN (shear of beam ④)

5. Axial force of column ②

P2 = f2A2
MC
P2 = (A2)
I
64.8(2.64)
P2 = (0.80)
173.92
P2= 0.79kN (axial force of col. 2)

6. Horizontal shear force of column ②

ƩMB= 0
1.8V2 = 0.79(2.3) + 3.22(5.23)
V2= 10.37kN (horizontal shear of col. ②)

7. Axial force of column 3

P3= f3A3
P3= ( )
MC
I
A3

64.8 ( 1.96 )
P3= (0.6)
173.92
P3= 0.44kN (axial force of col. 3)
8. Horizontal shear force of column 3
F2 = 30.63 - 10.37
F2 = 20.26kN

ƩFv= 0
V5 = 3.22 + 0.79
V5 = 4.01kN

ƩMC= 0
1.8V3 + 0.44(3.8) = 4.01(2.3 + 3.8)
V3 = 12.66kN

Check:

F3 = 20.26 - 12.66
F3 = 7.6kN

V6 + 0.44 = 4.01
V6 = 3.57

P4 = f4A4
P4= ( )
MC
I
A4

64.8 ( 9.56 )
P4= (1)
173.92
P4= 3.57 kN
Problem 151:

From the given frame, it is subjected to a lateral load of 80 kN acting at joint D. Assume all
columns have equal cross sectional area. Using Cantilever Method.

1. Compute the axial load of column AD.

2. Compute the moment at the base of column BE.
3. Compute the moment of beam EF at joint E.

Solution:

1. Axial load of column AD

Assume area of each column as unity.
Locate the centroid of the group of columns:

A = A1+A2+A3
A = 1+1+1=3

Ax̄ = A1X1+A2X2+A3X3
3 x̄ = 1(0)+1(8)+0+1(13)

M = 80(4)
M = 320 kN.m

I = 1(7)2 + 1(1)2 + 1(6)2

I = 86

MC
f1 =
I
320(7)
f1 =
86
f1 = 26.05 kN /m2

P1 = f1A1
P1 = 26.05(1)
P1 = 26.05 kN

Axial load of column AD = 26.05kN

ƩMb = 0
4 F3+3.72(2.5) = 26.05(6.5)
F3 = 40 kN

F3 = 53.95 - 40
F3 = 13.95 kN

Moment at the base column BE:

MB = 40(4)
MB = 160 kN.m

3. Moment of beam EF at joint E

ƩFv = 0
V2 = 26.05 – 3.72
V2 = 22.33 kN

ME = 22.33(2.5)
ME = 55.83 kN.m
2. Moment at the base of column BE

MC
f2 =
I
320(1)
f2 =
86
f2 = 3.72 kN/m2

ƩMa = 0
4 F1= 26.05(4)
F1 = 26.05 kN

F2 = 80 – 26.05
F2 = 53.95 kN

V1 = 26.05 kN

Problem 152: CE Board Nov. 1999

From the given frame shown in the figure and using Cantilever Method of analysis.

1. Which of the following gives the axial load of column BD.

2. Which of the following gives the shear on member CD.
3. Which of the following gives the moment at A.
Solution:

1. Axial load of column BD

A = A1 + A2

A=1+1

A=2

A x̄ = A1X1+A2X2
2 x̄ = 1(0)+1(8)
x̄ = 4m

I = 1(4)2+1(4)2
I = 32

M = 20(9)+40(3)
M = 300 kN.m

MC
f2 =
I
300(4 )
f2 =
32
f2 = 37.5 kN/m2

P2 = f2A2
P2 = 37.5(1)
P2 = 37.5 kN (axial load of BD)

2. Shear on member CD

M = 20(3)
M = 60

MC
f3 =
I
600( 4)
f3 =
32
f3 = 7.5 kN/m2

P3 = f3A1
P3 = 7.5(1)
P3 = 7.5 kN
Shear at CD:

V = 37.5 – 7.5
V = 30 kN

3. Moment at A

M = 30(3)
M = 90 kN.m