Name of project:- sewage

treatment plant in gargoti

Name of guide:- Miss. K.P.patil mam.
Name of group members:- 1 Pallavi chandam
2 Saniya bhaldar
3 Aditya kurade
4 Sahil patil
Index
• Introduction
• Cause of this project chose
• Objective
• Important and need
• Methodology
• Conclusion
• Project outcomes
• Referance
Methodology of sewage treatment
The methodology of a sewage treatment plant (STP) typically follows a series of processes designed to treat wastewater before
it is safely released into the environment or reused. The primary goal is to remove contaminants such as solids, organic matter,
pathogens, and chemicals from sewage. The treatment methodology can be broadly categorized into four stages: preliminary,
primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment.
1. Preliminary Treatment
This is the first step, focused on removing large solids and debris to protect the equipment in subsequent processes.
Screening: Physical barriers like bar screens remove large objects such as sticks, rags, and plastics.
Grit Removal: Grit chambers remove sand, gravel, and other inorganic particles.
Flow Equalization: In some plants, flow equalization tanks are used to balance the sewage flow rate to avoid overwhelming the
plant during peak times.
2. Primary Treatment
In this stage, the aim is to remove suspended solids and some organic material.
Sedimentation Tanks (Primary Clarifiers): Wastewater is allowed to settle in large tanks, where heavier solids sink to the bottom
(sludge), and oils, grease, and lighter materials float to the surface and are skimmed off.
Sludge Removal: The settled sludge is removed for further processing, often treated in anaerobic digesters.
 Methodology

Secondary Treatment
This step is designed to remove dissolved organic matter and reduce the number of pathogens in the water.
Biological Treatment: Microorganisms break down organic matter in the wastewater. Common processes include:
Activated Sludge: Wastewater is aerated in tanks where bacteria consume organic pollutants. The resulting sludge is settled in
secondary clarifiers.
Trickling Filters: Wastewater trickles over a bed of stones or other media that support a biofilm of bacteria, which degrade the
pollutants.
Lagoons: Shallow ponds allow microorganisms to treat the wastewater over time.
Secondary Clarification: Treated water is sent to clarifiers where remaining solids are allowed to settle, producing secondary
sludge.
4. Tertiary Treatment (Advanced Treatment)
This stage involves further refinement to remove remaining contaminants, particularly nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus,
and to disinfect the water before discharge.
Filtration: Water may pass through filters (sand or membrane) to remove fine particulates.
Nutrient Removal: Biological or chemical processes are used to remove nitrogen and phosphorus to prevent eutrophication in
receiving waters.
Disinfection: Common methods include chlorination, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, or ozone treatment to kill remaining pathogens.
Methodology
5. Sludge Treatment
The sludge collected during the primary and secondary stages needs to be treated to reduce volume and potential pathogens.
Common methods include:
Anaerobic Digestion: Sludge is broken down by bacteria in the absence of oxygen, producing biogas that can be used for
energy.
Dewatering: Mechanical processes such as centrifuges or drying beds reduce the water content in sludge.
Sludge Disposal: Dried sludge can be disposed of in landfills, incinerated, or used as fertilizer, depending on its composition
and local regulations.

6. Effluent Disposal/Reuse
After treatment, the final effluent is either:
Discharged into rivers, lakes, or oceans after meeting environmental standards.
Reused for irrigation, industrial processes, or even as potable water in advanced systems.
Each STP may employ slightly different processes depending on its size, the characteristics of the wastewater, and local
regulations.
Introduction:-
Cause of this project we take
In gargoti waste water are drup in pal ghat and that
water is meet the ground water table and polluted
groundwater. Waste substances are not
decomposed that substances harmful to nature.
This water is harmful to aquatic life and human
health . To reduce the water polution and reuse of
sewage water we take this project.
Objective of sewage treatment plant
• The primary objective of a sewage treatment plant (STP) is to treat
wastewater to remove contaminants, making the water safe to return to the
environment or for reuse. The key goals include:
1. Removing contaminants: This includes solid waste, organic matter, harmful
microorganisms, chemicals, and other pollutants.
2. Protecting public health: By treating sewage, STPs reduce the risk of
waterborne diseases caused by pathogens in untreated wastewater.
3. Environmental protection: Proper treatment ensures that harmful
substances do not pollute water bodies, protecting aquatic ecosystems.
4. Recycling and reuse: Treated water can be reused for purposes like irrigation,
industrial processes, and even as potable water in some cases.
5. Compliance with regulations: STPs ensure that wastewater discharge meets
local and international environmental standards.
Important and need of sewage treatment
plant
1. Environmental Protection
Untreated sewage contains harmful substances like pathogens, chemicals, and organic waste that can pollute water bodies,
soil, and air. A sewage treatment plant processes wastewater to remove contaminants, protecting rivers, lakes, oceans, and
groundwater from pollution. This also helps in maintaining the ecological balance of aquatic ecosystems.
2. Public Health
Sewage contains bacteria, viruses, and other harmful pathogens that can cause diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and
typhoid if discharged untreated. STPs help prevent the spread of waterborne diseases, ensuring the well-being of communities
by treating wastewater to safe levels before disposal or reuse.
3. Water Reuse and Conservation
With growing water scarcity, treated wastewater can be reused for non-potable purposes such as irrigation, industrial
processes, and toilet flushing. Sewage treatment plants enable water recycling, reducing the demand for fresh water resources
and promoting sustainable water management.
4. Compliance with Regulations
Governments and environmental agencies often impose stringent regulations on wastewater disposal. Operating an STP
ensures compliance with legal standards and avoids penalties for environmental violations. Proper sewage treatment also
aligns with global sustainability goals.
Important and need of sewage treatment
plant
5. Reduction of Pollution Load on Natural Water Bodies
Discharging untreated sewage into rivers or seas increases the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen
demand (COD) of these water bodies, depleting oxygen levels and harming aquatic life. STPs significantly reduce the organic
and chemical load before releasing treated water, thus mitigating the impact on natural ecosystems.
6. Resource Recovery
Advanced sewage treatment technologies allow the recovery of valuable resources from wastewater, such as biogas, nutrients
(like nitrogen and phosphorus), and biosolids. These can be used as energy sources or fertilizers, contributing to circular
economy initiatives.
7. Mitigation of Odor and Aesthetic Pollution
Untreated sewage can cause foul odors and unsightly conditions, degrading the quality of life in surrounding areas. STPs
control odor emissions and improve the aesthetics of urban environments, making cities more livable.
8. Climate Change Mitigation
By treating sewage, STPs reduce the emission of methane and other greenhouse gases produced by decomposing organic
waste. Moreover, many modern plants are designed to capture and use biogas generated during treatment for energy, reducing
reliance on fossil fuels and contributing to lower carbon footprints.
Conclusion
The conclusion of a sewage treatment plant (STP) process is that it plays a
critical role in protecting public health and the environment by treating
wastewater before its release or reuse. Through a series of physical, chemical,
and biological processes, STPs remove harmful pollutants, organic matter,
pathogens, and excess nutrients from sewage. This not only prevents
contamination of water bodies but also mitigates environmental damage such
as eutrophication, and ensures that treated water can safely re-enter the
natural water cycle or be reused for various purposes.
A well-designed and efficiently operated STP is essential for sustainable water
management, contributing to resource conservation and public health
protection, particularly as populations grow and environmental regulations
become more stringent. It represents a key part of modern infrastructure aimed
at ensuring clean water and environmental sustainability.
Project outcomes
• The outcomes of a sewage treatment plant (STP) include several positive environmental, public health,
and economic impacts. Key outcomes include:
1.Clean Water Discharge
Effluent Quality: Treated water is free from harmful contaminants such as pathogens, toxic chemicals,
and excess nutrients, meeting regulatory standards before being released into water bodies like rivers,
lakes, or oceans.
Environmental Protection: Prevents pollution, protects aquatic ecosystems, and reduces the risk of
eutrophication (over-enrichment of water bodies with nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus).

2. Public Health Protection

Reduction of Pathogens: Sewage treatment eliminates or reduces disease-causing microorganisms,
minimizing the risk of waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid, and dysentery.
Safe Reuse: Treated wastewater can be reused for irrigation, industrial processes, or even as drinking
water in some cases, reducing the demand for fresh water resources.
Project outcomes
3. Resource Recovery
Energy Generation: Biogas produced from anaerobic digestion of sludge can be used to generate electricity or heat,
contributing to energy efficiency and reducing the carbon footprint of the STP.
Nutrient Recovery: Treated sludge can be processed into biosolids, which can be used as soil conditioners or fertilizers in
agriculture.
4. Compliance with Regulations
Meeting Standards: STPs ensure compliance with local and national environmental regulations regarding water quality,
preventing fines, legal issues, and environmental damage.
5. Sustainable Water Management
Water Conservation: By treating and reusing wastewater, STPs help conserve fresh water, which is particularly critical in areas
facing water scarcity.
Support for Urbanization: STPs support the growth of urban areas by managing the increasing volume of wastewater generated
by growing populations and industries.
6. Reduced Environmental Risks
Minimized Pollution: The removal of harmful chemicals and contaminants helps maintain biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems
and protects drinking water sources.
Odor and Aesthetic Improvement: Proper treatment reduces foul odors and the presence of unsightly debris or pollutants in
water bodies, improving the environment around urban areas.
Referance
1. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. (2003). “Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse.”
This textbook is a widely recognized authority on wastewater treatment processes, covering biological, chemical, and physical
methods in depth. It is a comprehensive resource for engineers and environmental scientists.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – Wastewater Treatment Process Overview.
The EPA provides guidelines and technical documentation on the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants, with a
focus on regulatory standards and environmental protection.
Available at: www.epa.gov
3. World Health Organization (WHO). “Safe Management of Wastes from Health-care Activities.”
This WHO publication offers insight into the global best practices for sewage treatment and wastewater management,
emphasizing public health implications.
Available at: www.who.int
4. Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F.L., & Stensel, H.D. (2004). “Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse.”
Another detailed and widely used resource for understanding various stages of wastewater treatment, from preliminary to
tertiary treatment, including sludge management.
5. UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. “Water and Wastewater Technologies.”
This report from UNESCO discusses the global importance of wastewater management and provides case studies from around
the world.
Referance
• Public health engineering book
• Routine on sewerage and sewage treatment,C. P. H. E. E. O.,
ministry of urban development government of India,new delhi
• G.Tortora, B.funke, C sewage treatment