Program – CIVIL ENGINEERING

Program Code – CE
Course- ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Course Code – 22447

24/07/2020 MSBTEs e-content

MSBTE LEAD- STUDY AT YOUR DOORSTEP

Course Expert
Lecturer, NIT Polytechnic,
Nagpur
 Unit IV: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
CO 4: Apply techniques to reduce
environmental pollution Topic:
UO 4i: Describe various methods to prevent air
pollution. Prevention of Air
UO 4o: State the standards limiting/controlling
values of
various types of pollution.
Pollution
24/07/2020

Written by
Ms. Swati Ingale Br. B. R. Ambade Dr. N.S.Raman
Course Expert Course Expert and Coordinator Course Expert
Lecturer, Government Polytechnic, Deputy Director, NEERI,
Lecturer, NIT Polytechnic,
Bramhapuri Nagpur
Nagpur
What we will learn today? Concept Map
Learning Objective/ Key takeaways • Controlling at
Students will able to understand the Prevention source
• Particulate
methods for Preventing Air Pollution of Air pollution control
Pollution • Gaseous
pollution control
Content: 4.5
• Ambient Air
1. Prevention of Air Pollution Quality
2. Ambient Air Quality Standards
Air Quality Standards in
India

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Prevention of Air Pollution
► Since the Industrial Revolution, people have
been polluting the Earth like never before.
There is rarely a place today that has not
been subjected to pollutants in one form or
another.
► The key to have a healthier life is to adopt
measures that do not pollute air so much
because we all have a role to play when it
comes to creating healthy environment for
living.
► How to Control Air Pollution???

1. Controlling at source
2. Particulate pollution control
3. Gaseous pollution control

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1. Controlling at source

Source relocation: Keeping Source shut down: Pollutant Fuel or Energy substitution:
the Industrial area away Casing hazardous effect should Using environment friendly fuels
from residential area. be immediately banned like CNG, Biofuels, Biogas etc

Good operating practices: Good Vehicular emission control: Regular PUC

Maintenance, Controlled Driving speed checking, Good quality fuel with oil additives
can reduce the pollutant emission can control Vehicular emission.

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2. Particulate pollution control

► Particulate matter is the sum of all solid

and liquid particles suspended in air, many
of which are hazardous. This complex
mixture contains for instance dust, pollen,
soot, smoke, and liquid droplets.
These Five major groups of processes.
► Settling chambers
► Inertial separator or Cyclone
► Electrostatic precipitator
► Bag houses and filters
► Wet scrubbers

Page 6 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

 Settling chambers
 A simplest device, collecting dust of
size >10µm.

 Settling chambers use the force of

gravity to remove solid particles. The
gas stream enters a chamber where the
velocity of the gas is reduced. Large
particles drop out of the gas and are
recollected in hoppers.

Page 7 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

 Inertial separator or Cyclone
• This process is
achieved by a sudden
change in the direction
of gas flow.

• T h e du st pa r t ic le is
spinning in a circular
path, As a re sult the
particles collide on the
w all and f all to the
bottom of the vessel.

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 Electrostatic precipitator
• Passing the partic le lade n gase s
be tw e e n high v o lta ge disc ha rge
electrodes.
• Majority of particles get charged and
collected on ground electrodes.
• At intervals electrodes are rapped to
dislodge collected particles from the
e le c t ro de s, w h ic h t h e n f a ll in to
hoppers at the bottom of the
precipitator.

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 Bag houses filters
• This method is most often
used type of device

• The Fabric f il ters, or bag

houses , remove dust from a
gas stream by passing the
stream through a porous
fabric.

Page 10 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

 Wet scrubbers
• Objective of scrubber is to trap
the particulate matter in liquid
droplets.

• Water subsequently f lo ws from

the bottom of the scrubber, the
particulate is allowed to settle
a n d c l a r i f ie d w a t e r i s r e -
circulated

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3. Gaseous pollution control
► Gaseous pollutants are controlled by
means of three basic techniques:
• Abso rptio n: c o nc e ntra te the
pollutants in a liquid
• Adso rptio n: c o nc e ntra te the
pollutants in on solid
• Combustion: direct incineration of
pollutants
► These techniques can be employed
singly or in combination.
► They are effective against the major
greenhouse gases as well.

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 Gaseous pollution control

Absorption
This processes is selected to remove gaseous pollutants by dissolution
into a liquid solvent such as water

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 Gaseous pollution control

Adsorption
► Adsorption is a process where
gases,vapours or liquids are
c o n c e n t ra t e d o n a s o l i d
surface
► The mo st impo rtant
adsorbents in industrial use to
-days are Bauxite, activated
carbon, activated alumina,
silica gel

Page 14 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

 Gaseous pollution control
Combustion
• This method for the removal of Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC) since they can be decompose to CO2
and H2O.

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Ambient Air Quality Standards
► The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 was enacted by the
Central Government with the objective of arresting the deterioration of air
quality.
► It describes the main functions of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
as follows:
• To advise the Central Government on any matter concerning the improvement
of the quality the air and the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution.
• To plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide program for the prevention,
control and abatement of air pollution.
• To provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Pollution Control
Board.
• To carry out and sponsor investigations and research related to prevention,
control and abatement of air pollution.
• To collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data related to air
pollution; and
• To lay down and annul standards for the quality of air
Page 16 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024
 Ambient Air Quality Standards in India
Pollutant Time Weighted Average Concentration in Ambient Air
Industrial, Residential, Rural and Ecologically Sensitive Area (notified
Other Areas by Central Government)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Annual* 50 - 80 20 - 80
µg/m 3 24 hours**
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Annual* 40 - 80 30 - 80
µg/m 3 24 hours**
Particulate Matter (size less than 10 Annual* 60 - 100 60 - 100
µm) or PM10 µg/m 3 24 hours**
Particulate Matter (size less than 2.5 Annual* 40 - 60 40 - 60
µm) or PM2.5 µg/m 3 24 hours**
Ozone (O3) µg/m 3 8 hours* 100 --80 100 - 180
1 hour**
Lead (Pb) Annual* 0.50 - 1.0 0.50 -1.0
µg/m 3 24 hours**
Carbon Monoxide (CO) mg/m 3 8 hours* 02 - 04 02 - 04
1 hour**
Ammonia (NH 3) µg/m 3 Annual* 100 - 400 100 - 400
24 hours**
Benzene (C6H 6) µg/m 3 Annual* 5 5
Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP)- particulate Annual* 1 1
phase only,
ng/m 3
Arsenic(As), Annual* 6 60
ng/m 3
Nickel (Ni), Annual* 20 20
ng/m 3
* Source: National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Central Pollution Control Board Notification in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, New
Delhi, 18th November, 2009 http://www.arthapedia.in/index.php?title=Ambient_Air_Quality_Standards_in_India#:~:
text=National%20Ambient%20Air%20Quality%20Standards,of%20Pollution)%20Act%2C%201981

Page 17 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

What we learnt today?
• Say No to Pollution…..
• Air pollution is a major
environmental issue. It can
af fe c t the he alth and life
support systems as well.

• Hence it is necessary to control

air pollution to save life and
ma ke mo the r E a r th H a ppy
once again

Page 18 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

 Summary
We have studied
 Prevention of Air Pollution

1. Controlling at source
2. Particulate pollution control
3. Gaseous pollution control

 Ambient Air Quality Standards in India

Page 19 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

 References:

1. Prof. Erach Bharucha, 2004. Textbook for Environmental Studies. University

Grants Commission, New Delhi, India.
2. Dr. Y. K. Singh, 2006. Environmental Science. NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P)
LIMITED, PUBLISHERS, New Delhi, India.
3. Dr. J. P. Sharma, 2009. Environmental Studies, 2nd Edition, Laxmi publications,
New Delhi, India.
4. R. Rajgopalan, 2011. Environmental Studies: From crisis to cure, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi, India.
5. Marquita. K. Hill, Understanding environmental pollution
6. G.N Pondey, Environmental management (1997)

Page 20 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

 THANK YOU ALL
Section divider over two lines or three
lines
HAVE A NICE DAY

Now let’s have a Quiz.....

Page 21 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024