Program – CIVIL ENGINEERING

Program Code – CE

Course- ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Course Code – 22447

24/07/2020 MSBTEs e-content

MSBTE LEAD- STUDY AT YOUR DOORSTEP

Course Expert
Lecturer, NIT Polytechnic,
Nagpur
 Unit IV: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
CO 4: Apply techniques to reduce
environmental pollution Topic:
UO 4h: State sources and effects of air
pollution. Air Pollution

24/07/2020

Written by
Ms. Swati Ingale Br. B. R. Ambade Dr. N.S.Raman
Course Expert Course Expert and Coordinator Course Expert
Lecturer, NIT Polytechnic, Lecturer, Government Polytechnic, Deputy Director, NEERI,
Nagpur Bramhapuri Nagpur
What we will learn today? Concept Map
Learning Objective/ Key takeaways
Students will able to understand causes
and effects of Air pollution Cases of air Effects of
pollution air pollution
Content: 4.5
1. Cases of air pollution Primary On Living
2. Effects of air pollution Pollutants Things

On Non-
Secondary
living
Pollutants
Things

Page 3 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

Air Pollution
Definition:
Presence or addition of harmful substances to the air
which causes negative impacts to the health of living
organisms is called as Air Pollution .
Causes of Air Pollution:
Natural – Volcanic eruptions, Natural f ires, Pollens, Dust
etc.
Manmade- Automobiles, Industries, Incineration, farming
etc.
Types of Air Pollutants:
1. Primary Pollutants (Released directly in air)
Ex: ash, salts, pollen, spores, smoke, dust etc
2. Secondary Pollutants (Formed by chemical reaction
between
air and primary pollutants)
Ex: smog, acid rain, ozone etc
Page 4 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024
Causes of Air Pollution
Primary Pollutants (Released directly in air)
Natural Sources

Fire
Bacteria &
Pollens Volcanoe Dust Viruses
s

Page 5 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

Causes of Air Pollution
Primary Pollutants (Released directly in air)
Man made Sources

Combustion Chemical Nuclear or Atomic

Processes Processes Processes

Mining Processes Oil Refinery Farming Activities

Processes

Page 6 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

Causes of Air Pollution
Secondary Pollutants
(Formed by chemical reaction between air and primary pollutants)

1) Acid Rain: The primary pollutants

released from chemical industries
like CO2, SO2, NO2, Cl2 reacts with
atmospheric moisture to form acids
resulting in acid rain.

Page 7 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

Causes of Air Pollution
Secondary Pollutants Among the photochemical products the most
(Formed by chemical reaction between potent pollutants are:
air and
1. Benzpyrene
primary pollutants)
2) Photochemical Smog: 2. peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)
T h e pr i m a r y pol l u t a nt s l i ke NO a nd
Hydrocarbons released from automobiles 3. peroxybenzoil nitrate (PB2N)mos
or on burning fossil fuels reacts with each
other in presence of Sunlight and ozone
Forming a toxic brown haze called as
photochemical smog.

Page 8 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

Effects of air pollution
• Air po llutio n o c c urs Effects of Air Effects of Air
when harmful or Pollution on living Pollution on non-
excessive quantities of things living things
substances are
introduced into Earth's On Human On
atmosphere Health Materials

• Air pollution not only

c ause s hazardo us On
On Climate
Vegetation
he a lth e f f e c ts o n in
h u ma n s, pla n t s a n d
animals but also On
contributes to climate Animals
change.

Page 9 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

Effects of Air Pollution on living things
► On Human Health
► Our physical and psychological
wellbeing is affected differently by the
kind of air pollution we are exposed to.
There are many organs and bodily
functions that can be harmed, the
consequences including:
► Respiratory diseases
► Cardiovascular damage
► Fatigue, headaches and anxiety
► Irritation of the eyes, nose and throat
► Damage to reproductive organs
► Harm to the liver, spleen and blood
► Nervous system damage.

Page 10 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

Effects of Air Pollution on living things
► On Vegetation
► Air pollution have negative effect on the plants; they can have direct toxic effects, or indirectly
by changing soil pH
► They cover the leaf blade reducing light penetration which strongly influences the process of
photosynthesis
► Effects of some specific pollutants are:

1. Necrosis: The damaging of 2. Abscission: The premature fall 3. Chlorisis: Yellowing of leaves
leaves due to rise in Ozone of leaves de to rise in NO2 due to rise in SO2

Page 11 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

Effects of Air Pollution on living things
► On Animals
► Air pollutants can poison wildlife
through the disruption of
endocrine function, organ injury,
increased vulnerability to
stresses and diseases, lower
reproductive success, and
possible death.
► When pet animals are fed with
fodder having remains of
insecticides and pesticides it will
severely affects their digestive
system.

Page 12 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

Effects of Air Pollution on non-living things
► On Materials
► The main pollutants affecting materials are sulphur
dioxide and sulphates, nitrogen oxides and nitrates,
chlorides, carbon dioxide and ozone
► The materials most sensitive to air pollutants are
calcareous building stones and metallic structures.
► The damage include losses of mass, changes in Yellowing of Taj Mahal
porosity, discoloration, corrosion of metallic structures.

Decolorizing of paint Rusting of metallic structure

Page 13 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

Effects of Air Pollution on non-living things
► On Climate
► Air pollutants have a complex
relationship with climate change.

► Some pollutants such as Carbon

dioxide increase warming by
trapping heat in the atmosphere
casing Global warming due to green
house effect.

Page 14 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

 Effects of Air Pollution on non-living things
► On Climate
► Excess of Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide,  The release of CFC gases damages the
Nitogen dioxide in air reacts with moisture protective Ozone layer allowing Harmful
results in acid rain. UV radiations to reach to earths
surface. It is called as Ozone depletion.

Page 15 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

So What The Mother Earth Wants To Say?????

Stop Air pollution….

Please save me….

In upcoming video we will see the methods to

control and prevent air pollution.

Page 16 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

Summary
We have studied
1. Cases of air pollution
► Primary Pollutants

► Secondary Pollutants

2. Effects of air pollution

► On Human Health

► On Vegetation

► On Animals

Page 17 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

 References:
1. Prof. Erach Bharucha, 2004. Textbook for Environmental Studies. University
Grants Commission, New Delhi, India.
2. Dr. Y. K. Singh, 2006. Environmental Science. NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P)
LIMITED, PUBLISHERS, New Delhi, India.
3. Dr. J. P. Sharma, 2009. Environmental Studies, 2nd Edition, Laxmi publications,
New Delhi, India.
4. R. Rajgopalan, 2011. Environmental Studies: From crisis to cure, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi, India.

Page 18 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024

 THANK YOU ALL
Section divider over two lines or three
lines
HAVE A NICE DAY

Now let’s have a Quiz.....

Page 19 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 26 October 2024