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What is Ethics? (Part 2) – Mains Question 02
1. Examine the dual nature of ethics, encompassing its role as both a normative science and a pursuit of
happiness. (10 Marks, 150 words)
How to Approach Question:
❖ Introduction: Start the answer with a brief introduction to ethics.
❖ Body: Discuss the dual nature of ethics, as a normative science and a pursuit of happiness.
❖ Conclusion: Conclude the answer by summarizing it.
Answer:
Ethics can be considered a science of normative science and science of happiness due to its focus on studying
moral norms, values, and principles, as well as its concern with the pursuit of happiness and well-being.
Ethics as a Science of Normative Science and Science of Happiness:
1. Science of Normative Science: Ethics as a normative science that
➢ It examines and establishes the principles, norms, and rules that guide human behavior
and determine what is morally right or wrong.
➢ It seeks to provide a framework for evaluating actions, making moral judgments, and
prescribing how individuals ought to behave in different situations.
➢ Ethics explores questions such as:
✓ What is the nature of morality?
✓ How should we determine right and wrong?
✓ What are our moral obligations and duties?
✓ What principles should guide our actions?
➢ Through ethical theories and frameworks, ethics attempts to provide systematic and
rational explanations for moral choices and conduct.
➢ It aims to develop moral guidelines and ethical standards that can be universally
applicable or culturally contextualized. By examining the foundations of morality, ethics
offers a scientific approach to understanding and studying moral norms and principles.
2. Science of Happiness:
➢ Ethics is also concerned with the science of happiness, which focuses on the well-being,
fulfillment, and flourishing of individuals and societies. It explores the factors that
contribute to human happiness and seeks to understand how moral values and actions can
enhance the quality of life.
➢ Ethics examines questions such as:
✓ What constitutes a good and meaningful life?
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✓ How can we lead a virtuous and fulfilling existence?
✓ What role do values, virtues, and character play in our overall well-being?
✓ How can ethical principles and moral conduct contribute to personal and collective
happiness?
➢ Through theories such as virtue ethics and utilitarianism, ethics provides frameworks for
evaluating actions based on their potential to promote happiness, well-being, and the greater
good.
➢ It considers the long-term consequences and overall impact of ethical choices on
individuals and societies, aiming to guide individuals toward a life of moral integrity and
genuine happiness.
By exploring the science of normative science and the science of happiness, ethics provides a comprehensive
and systematic approach to understanding and addressing moral dilemmas, shaping individual behavior,
and promoting human well-being. It combines philosophical inquiry, empirical research, and practical
guidance to help individuals navigate moral complexities and strive for a life of moral excellence and genuine
happiness.
