ET-3 2013
UNIT _
ENZYMES OF BIOLOGICALIMPORTÁNCE
HMG Co Acetylcholreductase
A inesterase,inhibitors,
angiotensin converting enzyme.(ACÉ), ACE Inhibitors,
pseudocholinesterase, 6'-nucleotidase (6NT),
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD), CKisoforns, immunoreactive
trypsinogen (IRT) and chymotrypsin; amylase
isoenzymes
3.1 Cholinesterase
Is
family of enzymes that catalyzethe hydrolysis of
the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetie acid, areaction necessary toallow
a cholinergic neuron to return toits résting stateafter activation
Types
There are two types:
Acetylcbolinesterase(EC::1:17) (AHE ao. known as RBC cholinesterase, erythrocyte
cholinesterase, or (most formally) nctylehotne acetylhydrolase, found. priinarily in
the blood:andneural synapses,
Pseudocholinesterase (EC $. ta) (BChE or BuChE) also known as plasma
dholinesteras,. butyrjlehölinetras or (nost tormallyalcholine aylhydrolass, found
primarilyin the liver
The difference between the two types of cholinestera[e with their reapective
preferences for substratey the fomer hydrolyses acetylcholine more quickly: the latter
hydrolysés butyrylcholine more quickly.
Symptoms ofdecreased cholinesterase: Headaches, Dizinesx, Nausea, Abdominal pain,
Anxiety, Constriçted pupils, Muscle twitch or weakhess, Shortnss of breath Diarrhea,
Convalsions, Comá
(Convlsions: body imuscles contract and relax rapidl'y and repeatedly resulting in anuncontrolBed
shaking of the body)
red cell enzymes
S.1.1 Acetylcholimesterase / acetylcholine esterase
enzymes
heart. Hence the
Acetylcholine prove to be harnmful to the acetylcbohne.
associated with the nervous systeim breaks down
motor and sensory fibers, red
peripheral tissues,
Location: brain, nerve, muscle, central and
blood cell membranes, lung,spleen
carboxylesterase family, aserine protease that hydrolyzes
Catalytic function: It belongs to
the neurotransmitter cetylcholine Altate chrline
ctt3
N CH
acetylcholinesterase
HO
cH Nct
water
HC-CO0-CH-CH-N(CH)+ H0’ HCO0+ HO-CHCH-N(CH)+ H
ACETYCHOLINE ACETATE HoLINE
[Link] this hydrolysis of acetylcholine to acetate ánd choline
Mechanism of action: XO
The;active site of AChE comprises 9 subsites
the anionic site and the ëst esteratic subsite.
The anionic subsite,
positive quateYnary, amineaccommodates
the
well
of acetylcholine
as. other
and inhibitors. cationic substrates
The esteratic subsite,
where aetylcholine is
hydrolyzed acetate and choline
to
EtShobha G, SCE,Deptof
Biptechnology
Pre-synaptic
nerve terminal
Acetylcholine
ChAT
Acetyl-CoA
Choline VAChT
Synaptic vesicle
ACh receptor
Cholinesterase
Synaptic
cavity Transporter pump
Choline
Post-synaptic
nerve terminal
neurotransmission,
post-synaptic
liberated-
ombining the During
post-synaptic
AÇh
withcholine released is
mernbrane,
cetyl-CoA mermbrane,
is
taken
from
terminates
up
through again relaying the
nerve
the by.
the the iñnto
action the
signal signal the
presynaptiè
of synaptic
choline
transmission from
the
ltransferase nerve nerve. deft
and
and by AChE, binds
hydrolyzing
ACh
to
is also ACh
ET-32013
synthetized located
receptors
ACh.
on
The the
by on
