Data- Collection of facts about a topic or item.
Information-the result of combining, comparing, and performing calculations on data.
Database- centralized and structured set of data.
-retrieving, adding, modifying, deleting.
-transforming data into useful information.
Relational database
- store information in tables, columns and rows.
-consist of tables that are linked by attributes.
Table-collection of records.
Row-instance.
Column- Field or attribute.
DBMS- Database Management System.
-controls the storage, organization, and retrieval of data.
3 Elements of DBMS
• Memory and Storage Management
• Data Dictionary
• Query Language
5 key computing terms
• Hardware- physical parts of a computer.
• Software -tells hardware what to do.
• Operating System-directly controls the hardware.
• Application- perform specific task.
• Client- used by end users.
• Server- more power from clients.
5 transformation in computing
• 1970- mainframe computing
-centralized processing
• 1980- desktop computing
-localized processing
• 1990- client/server computing
-centralized and local processing
• 2000- grid computing
-shared processing
• 2010- cloud computing
-internet based processing
3 main categories of cloud services
• Iaas- Allows you
• Paas- Gives access to
• Saas- Delivers software
DATABASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
• Business information requirements
• Conceptual Data Modeling/strategy & analysis
• Database Design/design
• Database Build/build
• Database
5 Types of Database Model
• Relational Model- Data is represented as a collection of tables.
- The order is not important.
- Every row is unique.
- Each field can contain only one value.
• Object-oriented Model
- Entity is modeled as an object.
-sharing of access.
-must belong to only one class.
• Faltfile Model-single table. Plain text form.
• Hierarchical Model- tree like structure. Connected to one another through links.
-record -collection of fields.
• Network Model- can be regarded as flexible .
-link- association between two records.
Why do you need database solution?
-multiple users
-Integration of multiple components
-Multiple data items
FLATFILE WAS SPLIT INTO 3 TABLES ELIMINATING THE ISSUES:
-Redundancy
-Data Entries Anomalies
-Inconsistency
Business rules:
-understands the relationship and constraints of the participating entities
–Help you understand the standardization procedure.
–Should be simple and easy to understand.
–Must be kept up-to-date.
-Help you categorize and design database tables.
Business rules are generally provided by:
• Managers
• Policy makers
• Documentation and operation manuals
• Organizational procedures and standards
• Interviews with end users
Conceptual Model
-Describes exactly the information needs of the business
–Prevents mistakes and misunderstandings .
–Documents the processes (also known as the “business rules”) of the business.
• Note: Not all business rules can be modeled in a database.
Business rule: Used to understand business processes and the nature, role, and scope of the data.
Assumption: a fact or a statement that has been taken for granted.
Problem: a situation or scenario that requires attention and a possible solution to alleviate the situation.
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Case Scenario: Identifying Business Rules
SunStar Online Book Rentals is a successful company that rents books. With its growing business,
SunStar needs to enhance its information system to support proposed changes to the business. SunStar
attracts new customers easily and the number of rentals is growing rapidly. The customer base is not
stable, however, which is a cause for concern.
Case Scenario: Identifying Business Rules
The main idea is to introduce three types of membership (gold, silver, bronze), although more may be
introduced later. Bronze membership is free. Silver and gold memberships incur a fee but entitle the
member to privileges. The type of membership cannot be changed.
Case Scenario: Solution for Identifying Business Rules
• Business Rule: –Members will pay membership fees.
• Constraint: –Members can belong to one of the three types of membership (gold, silver, or bronze).
Case Scenario: Solution for Identifying Business Rules
• Business Rule: –Bronze membership is free. Silver and gold memberships incur a fee.
• Constraint: –Type of membership cannot be changed.
Entity -Logical
Physical- Relational model
3 unique Identifiers
• Pk-primary k
• Fk-Foreign k
• Uk- unique k
4 types of network model
-mesh
-bus/star
-PI-P
-stand alone
Tuple-pag wala unod ang table
