Cleaning process

10marks:

1.what are the methods of cleaning instrumentsrdesçribe how will you clean tubingS and
catheters.

Cleaninginstrumentsis crucial in various settings, especially in healthcare, laboratories,

and manufacturing, to prevent contamination, maintain functionality, and ensure safety. Here are

common methods for cleaning instruments:

1. Manual Cleaning

tDescription:Involves physical scrubbingwith brushes, sponges, or cloths.

*Steps:

•Soak instruments in warm water with a detergent or enzymatic cleaner.

•Use brushes to remove debris from crevices.

•Rinse thoroughly with clean water.

tCommonly Used For: Delicate instrumentsor items with intricate designs.

tAdvantages: Allows for detailed cleaning.

tLimitations: Labor-intensive and risks exposure to contaminants.

2. UItrasonic Cleaning

t Description: Uses high-frequency sound waves to create microscopic bubbles in a cleaning

solution. These bubbles implode, loosening debris and contaminants.

tSteps:

•Place instruments in an ultrasonic cleaning unit with the appropriate solution.

•Run the cycle for a specified duration.

•Rinse and dry instruments after the cycle.

tCommonly Used For: Complex or fragile instruments.

AAdvantages: Reaches areas manual cleaning cannot.

*Limitations: Requires specialized equipment.

3. Mechanical Cleaning (Washer-Disinfectors)

Description: Machines designed to clean and sometimes disinfect instruments using high

pressure water and detergents.

tSteps:

•Load instruments into the washer.

•Selectthe appropriate cleaning cycle.

•Allow the washer to clean and dry the instruments.

Commonly Used For: Large volumes of instruments.

Advantages: Saves time and reduces manual handling.

*Limitations: Not suitable for heat- or moisture-sensitive items.

 4. Steam Cleaning

ADescription: Uses steam under pressure to remove stubborn debris.

ASteps:

•Usea steam cleaner on the instruments.

•Wipe or rinse after steaming.

*Commonly Used For: Non-delicate instruments with durable surfaces.

AAdvantages: Effective for grease and oil removal.

tLimitations: May not be suitable for sensitive materials.

5. Chemical Cleaning

Description: Involves the use of specialized detergents, disinfectants, or solvents to clean

instruments.

*Steps:

•|mmerse instruments in a chemical solution.

•Allow soaking for the recommended time.

•Rinse thoroughly to remove chemical residues.

Commonly Used For: Instruments that cannot withstand heat or mechanical cleaning.

AAdvantages: Effective for sensitive or delicate items.

ALimitations: Requires proper handling to avoid damage or exposure to harmful chemicals.

6. Sterile Cleaning (For Critical Use Instruments)

Description: Cleaning followed by sterilization for instruments used in sterile environments.

*Steps:

•Pre-clean manually or with ultrasonic/mechanical methods.

•Sterilize using methods like autoclaving, dry heat, or chemical sterilants.

Commonly Used For: Surgical and medical instruments.

*Advantages: Ensures sterility.

ALimitations: Costly and requires specialized equipment.

How will you clean tubings and catheters?

Cleaning tubings and catheters in an operation theater (0T) requires strict adherence to

infection control protocols to maintain a sterile environment and minimize the risk of infections

1. General Preparation

AWear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Put on sterile gloves, surgical mask, gown, and cap to prevent contamination.

*Follow Sterile Technique:

All cleaning and handling of tubings and catheters in the OT must follow aseptic technigques to

maintain sterility.

Work in a sterile field using sterilized tools and supplies.

*Use Approved Cleaning Agents:

Use only the cleaning solutions approved by the healthcare facility, such as sterile saline,

enzymatic cleaners, or disinfectants compatible with medical-grade materials.

2. Cleaning Process for Tubings (e.g., suction, drainage, or oxygen tubing)

*Disassemble Tubing:

Disconnect tubing from devices (e.g., ventilators or suction machines) carefully, following

protocols.

ARinse with Sterile Water:

Immediately flush the tubing with sterile water to remove visible debris or bodily fluids.

tSoak in Enzymatic Cleaner:

Submerge the tubing in an enzymatic cleaning solution to break down organic matter. Follow the

manufacturer's recommended soaking time.

*Flush lnternally:

Use a sterile syringe or flushing tool to run cleaning solution through the tubing.

ARinse Thoroughly:

Rinse the tubing with sterile water to remove all cleaning agents.

tInspect for Damage.

Check for cracks, discoloration, or blockages. Replace damaged tubing.

Dry and Sterilize:

Air dry or use sterile drying methods (e.g., compressed air). Sterilize the tubing using autoclaving,

ethylene oxide gas, or another facility-approved method.

Post-Cleaning Protocol:

•Document and Label

•Store Sterile Items Properly

•Dispose of Single-Use Items

•Follow Facility Protocols

Cleaning of glassware:

Cleaning of glassware used in an operating theatre is critical to maintaining a sterile

environment and preventing infection.

1. Pre-cleaning

Rinse the glassware with running water to remove blood, bodily fluids

2. Manual Cleaning

Use a soft brush and detergent solution to scrub the glassware.

3. Rinsing

Rinse thoroughly with deionized or distilled water to remove any detergent residues, which

may interfere with sterilization.

4. Disinfection/Sanitization

Use a high-level disinfectant or autoclave-safe cleaning solution to sanitize the glassware.

5. Drying

Dry the glassware in a clean, lint-free environment to prevent contamination.

6. Storage

Store sterilized glassware in a sterile, sealed container or designated sterile storage area.

Cleaning of receiver bowl:

Cleaning the receiver bowl used in an operating theatre is a critical process to

ensure sterility and prevent cross-contamination.

•Immediately after use, rinse the receiver bowl with lukewarm water to remove

visible blood, tissue, and other organic matter.

•Scrub the bowl with a soft, non-abrasive brush or sponge, paying close attention to

grooves and edges.

•Use a medical-grade detergent that is compatible with the material of the receiver

bowl.

•Rinse thoroughly with deionized or distilled water to remove detergent and cleaning

solution residues.

•Immerse the bowl in a high-level disinfectant (e.g., glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid)

 •Allow the bowl to air dry in a sterile environment or use a drying cabinet.

5marks;

1.Mechanical cleaning apparatus?

Mechanical cleaning apparatus in an operation theatre refers to devices and equipment

specifically designed to clean, disinfect, or sterilize the environment, tools, and surfaces. These

devices help maintain strict hygiene and prevent infections. Below are some common types of

mechanical cleaning apparatus used in operation theatres:

1. Ultrasonic Cleaners

•Used for cleaning surgical instruments by using ultrasonic waves to remove dirt, debris, and

contaminants.

•Effective for instruments with intricate designs or hard-to-reach areas.

2. Automatic

*Washer-Disinfectors

•Machines that clean and disinfect surgical instruments using high-pressure water jets and

detergents.

•Operate in different cycles (cleaning, rinsing, and disinfecting) for thorough results.

3. Airborne Pathogen Removal Systems

tHigh-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters:

•Removeairborne contaminants in the operating room.

•Often part of the ventilation system.

*UV Air Sterilizers:

•Use ultraviolet light to airborne pathogens and microorganisms.

kill
4. Surgical Instrument Sterilizers

Autoclaves:

•Sterilize surgical instruments using high-pressure saturated steam.

•Widely used for ensuring sterility.

Low-Temperature Sterilizers:

•Use gas plasma, ethylene oxide, or hydrogen peroxide for heat-sensitive instruments.

5. Floor and Surface Cleaning Robots

•Autonomous cleaning robots designed to disinfect operating rooms using UV-c light or

other sterilizing agents.

•Reduce human error and ensure consistent cleaning of floors and walls.

6. Disinfectant Foggers

•Machines that disperse disinfectant solutions in the form of fine mist or vaporto sterilize

the entire room.

•Useful for hard-to-reach surfaces.

7. Manual Cleaning Machines

•Powered scrubbers or buffers for deep cleaning and disinfecting floors.

•Often used alongside chemical disinfectants.

8. Endoscope Reprocessing Units

•Specifically designed for cleaning and disinfecting flexible endoscopes used in surgeries.

9. Plasma Sterilization Units

•Utilize plasma energy to sterilize heat- and moisture-sensitive instruments.

2.How will you clean contaminated medical device at point of use?

Cleaning contaminated medical devices at the point of use is a critical step in infection

control. Here's a standard procedure:

 1. Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

•Usegloves, gown, mask, and eye protection to minimize exposure to contaminants.

2. Remove Gross Contamination

•Use disposable wipes or gauze to remove visible blood, bodily fluids, and debris from the

device.

•Avoid letting debris dry on the device, as can make cleaning harder.

it
3. Rinse or Pre-clean applicable)
(if
•Rinse the device with sterile water or a compatible cleaning solution to loosen

contaminants.

•Do not use saline, as may corrode certain devices.

it
4.Use Enzymatic Detergents recommended)
(if
•Apply an enzymatic cleaner to break down organic material.

•Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the detergent and device.

5. Prevent Cross-contamination

•Place the cleaned device in a designated container to avoid spreading contamination.

6. Label and Transport Safely

•Label the container to indicate contains a contaminated device.

it
•Transport promptly to the central processing or sterilization area for further cleaning
it
and sterilization.

3.Sterilization of catheters and tubes?

Sterilization of catheters and tubes is crucial to prevent infections and maintain safety in

medical procedures. The choice of sterilization method depends on the material, intended use,

and manufacturer guidelines. Below are common sterilization methods for catheters and tubes:

1.Ethylene oxide

2.steam sterilization

3.Gamma radiation sterilization

4.plasma sterilization

5.Dry heat sterilization

6.Chemical sterilization

4.Describe ultrasonic cleaner and its uses?

An ultrasonic cleaner is a cleaning device that uses high-frequency sound waves and a

cleaning solution to remove dirt, debris, and contaminants from items

Procedure:

1. Ultrasound Generation:

UItrasonic cleaners operate at frequencies ranging from 20 kHz to 40 kHz.

2. Cavitation Process:

High-frequency sound waves create microscopic bubbles in the liquid.

These bubbles collapse or implode, releasing energy that dislodges contaminants from the

surface and crevices of objects.

3. Cleaning Solution:

The tank is filled with a water-based or enzymatic cleaning solution to enhance the cleaning

process.

Components of an Ultrasonic Cleaner:

•Ultrasonic Tank

•Transducers

•Control Panel

•Cleaning Solution
Advantages:

•Thorough Cleaning

•Non-Damaging

•Time-Saving

•Hygienic

•Eco-Friendly

Uses:

1. Cleaning Surgical Instruments:

Removes debris from complex surgical instruments, including forceps, scalpels, clamps,

and scissors.

2.Pre-Sterilization Cleaning:

Ultrasonic cleaning is a crucial step before autoclaving or sterilization to ensure all visible

and microscopic contaminants are removed.

3.Microsurgical and Ophthalmic Tools:

Ensures precision cleaning of delicate and fine instrumentsCleaning.

4.Heat-Sensitive Devices:

Safe for instruments that are sensitive to heat and cannot be autoclaved directly.

5.Endoscopic Instruments

Effective for cleaning flexible and rigid endoscopes

6.0rthopedic Tools:

Cleans saws, drills, and implantable devices used in orthopediç surgeries.

7.Reusable Medical Devices:

Removes biofilm and contaminants from reusable devices to maintain hygiene and

functionality

8.Dental Surgical Instruments

Used to clean dental tools and surgical accessories used in maxillofacial procedures.

5.How are the surgical instruments cleaned?

Cleaning surgical instruments is a critical process to ensure their safety for reuse, prevent

infections, and maintain their functionality.

t Immediate Action:

•Instruments should be cleaned as soon as possible after use to prevent debris from drying.

•Wipe offvisible blood and debris with a moist cloth or sponge.

•Use sterile water or enzymatic solution to rinse instruments during surgery needed.
if
Purpose:

•Prevents protein buildup and biofilm formation.

Sorting:

•Separate instruments based on their type, material, and complexity.

•Single-use items should be discarded as per waste management protocols.

tDisassembly:
•Take apart multi-component instruments (e.g., hinged or complex devices) to expose all

surfaces for effective cleaning.

AMethods of cleaning

•Manual cleaning •Steam cleaner

•Chemical cleaning •Mechanical cleaning

•Ultrasonic cleaning
3marks

3.Uses of detergents in cleaning process?

A detergent is a cleaning agent that contains surfactants or a combination of chemical

compounds designed to break down and remove dirt, grease, oils, and other impurities from

surfaces.

Uses of detergents in the cleaning process:

•Surface Cleaning

•Enhancing Disinfectant Efficacy

•Removal of Organic Matter

•Degreasing

•Preparation for Sterilization

•CleaningMedicalEquipmeot

•Reducing Pathogen Load

•Non-CorrosiveCleaning

4.Types of detergents

Types of Detergents

AAnionic Detergernts (Negatively Charged)

•Laundry Detergents

•Dishwashing Liquids

•All-Purpose Cleaner

tCationic Detergents (Positively Charged)

•Fabric Softeners

•Disinfectants

•Antiseptic Mouthwash

ANon-lonic Detergents (No Charge)

•Dishwashing Liquids

•Surface Cleaners

•Shampoos

*Amphoteric Detergents(Both Positive and Negative Charges)

•Baby Shampoos
•FacialCleansers

•Mild Body Washes

5.How are plastic syringes sterilize?

Ethylenetri Oxide (ETO)and Gamma Radiation are the most commonly used methods for

sterilizing disposable plastic syringes because

•Both methods are compatiblewith heat-sensitive materials commonly used in disposable

syringes (e.g., polypropylene, polyethylene).

 •Theyeffectively kill a broad range of microorganisms without damaging the syringe.

6.Methods to sterilize gloves and syringes:

•Steam Sterilization (Autoclaving)

•Ethylene Oxide (EtO) Gas Sterilization

•Hydrogen Peroxide Plasma Sterilization

•Dry Heat Sterilization

•ChemicalSterilization

•Ultrasonic Cleaning

•Soap and Water

8.Define cleaning?

Cleaning refers to the process of removing dirt, impurities, stains, or unwanted substances
from a surface or object to make clean and free from contaminants. This can involve the use of
it
physical actions (e.g., scrubbing, wiping), cleaning agents (such as soaps, detergents, solvents),

or other methods (like water, steam, or air) to remove visible debris and microbial contaminants.

Cleaning is typically the first step in sanitation, disinfection, and sterilization processes,

especially in environments like homes, hospitals, or laboratories.

9.How will you sterilize syringe and glassware?

Sterilization of syringes :
Ethylenetri Oxide (ETO) and Gamma Radiation are the most commonly used methods for
sterilizing disposable plastic syringes because

•Both mnethods are compatible with heat-sensitive materials commonly used in disposable

syringes (e.g., polypropylene, polyethylene).

•Theyeffectively kill a broad range of microorganisms without damaging the syringe.

Sterilization of glassware

Using a hot air oven for sterilizing glassware is a highly effective method for ensuring sterility,

especially when dealing with glass items that can tolerate high temperatures without

degradation.

The process involves heating glassware in an oven to a specific temperature for a set period to

kill microorganisms.

10.How to çorbolised thetheatre?

Qarbolizing the operation theatre typically refers to disinfecting or sanitizing the

environment using carbolic acid, also known as phenol. This process is crucial in maintaining a

sterile environment in operating rooms (OT) to prevent infections.

Steps to Gorbolise:

•Preparation of Carbolic Solution

•Cleaning the Surface

•Application of Carbolic Solution

•Leave Time for Disinfection

•Rinse the Surfaces

•Ventilate the Room