E Ukaa13
E Ukaa13
AP1602
2013 Edition
THE UK
AIR ALMANAC
FOR THE YEAR
2013
Prepared by
S.A. Bell
C.Y. Hohenkerk
D.B. Taylor
J.A. Whittaker
2012
NOTE
This is the sixteenth edition of The UK Air Almanac, which is prepared by HM Nautical
Almanac Office, United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, under the supervision of S.A. Bell,
C.Y. Hohenkerk, D.B. Taylor and J.A. Whittaker. It contains data useful for the planning
of activities where the level of illumination is important, particularly aircraft movements,
and is produced to the general requirements of the Royal Air Force. From edition 2011
onwards, it is published only in electronic form.
This volume can be regarded as an abridged version of The Air Almanac, which is no
longer published in the United Kingdom. For the purposes of continuity this publication
retains the designation Air Publication 1602. The UK Air Almanac contains information
on the times of rising and setting of the Sun and Moon as well as twilight times in a
tabular form for latitudes between N 72◦ and S 60◦ . Graphical methods for determining
this information at altitudes of up to 60 000 feet and at high latitudes are also provided.
The illumination of the Moon and times of meridian passage of the Sun are tabulated.
Standard times are also given for many places around the world. We would welcome any
suggestions for improving the content of this volume.
September 2012
Page
Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Aim and Principle
1. Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Risings, Settings and Twilights
3. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Sunrise, Sunset, Twilight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5. Moonrise and Moonset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6. Sunlight and Moonlight Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7. Corrections for Height of Observer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8. Percentage of the Moon Illuminated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. Standard Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10. Conversion of Arc to Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
11. Interpolation of Moonrise and Moonset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Sunrise, Sunset Times (even pages) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Civil Twilight Times (odd pages) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Moonrise, Moonset Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Rising, Setting and Depression Graphs
Latitudes 72◦ , 70◦ , 68◦ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Latitudes 66◦ , 64◦ , 62◦ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Latitudes 60◦ , 58◦ , 56◦ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Latitudes 54◦ , 52◦ , 50◦ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Latitudes 45◦ – 0◦ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Table 1 — Meridian Passage and Declination of the Sun at 12h UT . . . . . . 67
Tables 2 and 3 — Depression of Sun at Various Heights . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Semiduration of Sunlight, Twilight, latitudes N65◦ – N90◦ . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
◦ ◦
Semiduration of Moonlight, latitudes N65 – N90
January – April . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
May – August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
September – December . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Percentage of the Moon Illuminated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Standard Times
List I — Places Fast on UTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
List II — Places Normally Keeping UTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
List III — Places Slow on UTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Conversion of Arc to Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Interpolation of Moonrise and Moonset for Longitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Publications of HM Nautical Almanac Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
World Map of Time Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Last page
JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.
Day Wk Yr Wk Yr Wk Yr Wk Yr Wk Yr Wk Yr Wk Yr Wk Yr Wk Yr Wk Yr Wk Yr Wk Yr
1 Tu. 1 F. 32 F. 60 M. 91 W. 121 Sa. 152 M. 182 Th. 213 Su. 244 Tu. 274 F. 305 Su. 335
2 W. 2 Sa. 33 Sa. 61 Tu. 92 Th. 122 Su. 153 Tu. 183 F. 214 M. 245 W. 275 Sa. 306 M. 336
3 Th. 3 Su. 34 Su. 62 W. 93 F. 123 M. 154 W. 184 Sa. 215 Tu. 246 Th. 276 Su. 307 Tu. 337
4 F. 4 M. 35 M. 63 Th. 94 Sa. 124 Tu. 155 Th. 185 Su. 216 W. 247 F. 277 M. 308 W. 338
5 Sa. 5 Tu. 36 Tu. 64 F. 95 Su. 125 W. 156 F. 186 M. 217 Th. 248 Sa. 278 Tu. 309 Th. 339
6 Su. 6 W. 37 W. 65 Sa. 96 M. 126 Th. 157 Sa. 187 Tu. 218 F. 249 Su. 279 W. 310 F. 340
7 M. 7 Th. 38 Th. 66 Su. 97 Tu. 127 F. 158 Su. 188 W. 219 Sa. 250 M. 280 Th. 311 Sa. 341
8 Tu. 8 F. 39 F. 67 M. 98 W. 128 Sa. 159 M. 189 Th. 220 Su. 251 Tu. 281 F. 312 Su. 342
9 W. 9 Sa. 40 Sa. 68 Tu. 99 Th. 129 Su. 160 Tu. 190 F. 221 M. 252 W. 282 Sa. 313 M. 343
10 Th. 10 Su. 41 Su. 69 W. 100 F. 130 M. 161 W. 191 Sa. 222 Tu. 253 Th. 283 Su. 314 Tu. 344
11 F. 11 M. 42 M. 70 Th. 101 Sa. 131 Tu. 162 Th. 192 Su. 223 W. 254 F. 284 M. 315 W. 345
12 Sa. 12 Tu. 43 Tu. 71 F. 102 Su. 132 W. 163 F. 193 M. 224 Th. 255 Sa. 285 Tu. 316 Th. 346
13 Su. 13 W. 44 W. 72 Sa. 103 M. 133 Th. 164 Sa. 194 Tu. 225 F. 256 Su. 286 W. 317 F. 347
14 M. 14 Th. 45 Th. 73 Su. 104 Tu. 134 F. 165 Su. 195 W. 226 Sa. 257 M. 287 Th. 318 Sa. 348
15 Tu. 15 F. 46 F. 74 M. 105 W. 135 Sa. 166 M. 196 Th. 227 Su. 258 Tu. 288 F. 319 Su. 349
16 W. 16 Sa. 47 Sa. 75 Tu. 106 Th. 136 Su. 167 Tu. 197 F. 228 M. 259 W. 289 Sa. 320 M. 350
17 Th. 17 Su. 48 Su. 76 W. 107 F. 137 M. 168 W. 198 Sa. 229 Tu. 260 Th. 290 Su. 321 Tu. 351
18 F. 18 M. 49 M. 77 Th. 108 Sa. 138 Tu. 169 Th. 199 Su. 230 W. 261 F. 291 M. 322 W. 352
19 Sa. 19 Tu. 50 Tu. 78 F. 109 Su. 139 W. 170 F. 200 M. 231 Th. 262 Sa. 292 Tu. 323 Th. 353
20 Su. 20 W. 51 W. 79 Sa. 110 M. 140 Th. 171 Sa. 201 Tu. 232 F. 263 Su. 293 W. 324 F. 354
21 M. 21 Th. 52 Th. 80 Su. 111 Tu. 141 F. 172 Su. 202 W. 233 Sa. 264 M. 294 Th. 325 Sa. 355
22 Tu. 22 F. 53 F. 81 M. 112 W. 142 Sa. 173 M. 203 Th. 234 Su. 265 Tu. 295 F. 326 Su. 356
23 W. 23 Sa. 54 Sa. 82 Tu. 113 Th. 143 Su. 174 Tu. 204 F. 235 M. 266 W. 296 Sa. 327 M. 357
24 Th. 24 Su. 55 Su. 83 W. 114 F. 144 M. 175 W. 205 Sa. 236 Tu. 267 Th. 297 Su. 328 Tu. 358
25 F. 25 M. 56 M. 84 Th. 115 Sa. 145 Tu. 176 Th. 206 Su. 237 W. 268 F. 298 M. 329 W. 359
26 Sa. 26 Tu. 57 Tu. 85 F. 116 Su. 146 W. 177 F. 207 M. 238 Th. 269 Sa. 299 Tu. 330 Th. 360
27 Su. 27 W. 58 W. 86 Sa. 117 M. 147 Th. 178 Sa. 208 Tu. 239 F. 270 Su. 300 W. 331 F. 361
28 M. 28 Th. 59 Th. 87 Su. 118 Tu. 148 F. 179 Su. 209 W. 240 Sa. 271 M. 301 Th. 332 Sa. 362
29 Tu. 29 F. 88 M. 119 W. 149 Sa. 180 M. 210 Th. 241 Su. 272 Tu. 302 F. 333 Su. 363
30 W. 30 Sa. 89 Tu. 120 Th. 150 Su. 181 Tu. 211 F. 242 M. 273 W. 303 Sa. 334 M. 364
31 Th. 31 Su. 90 F. 151 W. 212 Sa. 243 Th. 304 Tu. 365
2. Layout. This annual volume contains tabular data for the rising and setting of the
Sun and Moon and times of civil twilight, for latitudes N 72◦ to S 60◦ . The times of the
phenomena are given to the nearest minute which is sufficient for most purposes. For the
polar regions this information is presented graphically. Tables and graphs for determining
corrections to the times of these phenomena due to the height of the observer are also
given. A brief explanation of the use of this volume is included.
3. General. The tables give the UT times of the phenomena at suitable intervals of
latitude, for the Greenwich meridian; times for other dates and locations may be obtained
by interpolation. At rising and setting, the times given are those at which the upper limb
of the body is coincident with the horizon; corrections have been made for semidiameter,
parallax (ignored for the Sun) and atmospheric refraction (34 ). At civil twilight the Sun
is 6◦ below the horizon.
In high latitudes the Sun or Moon may be above or below the horizon all day, or
civil twilight may last all night. The following symbols indicate the occurrence of these
conditions:
Sun or Moon remains continuously above the horizon;
Sun or Moon remains continuously below the horizon;
//// Twilight lasts all night; i.e., the Sun is less than 6◦ below the horizon at midnight, and
it is always lighter than at the beginning of morning or end of evening civil twilight.
For polar regions times of rise, set and twilight may be obtained from the semiduration
graphs pages 69 and 70-72.
4. Sunrise, Sunset, Twilight. The UT times of the sunrise and sunset , and the beginning
and end of civil twilight, for latitudes N72◦ to S60◦ , for the Greenwich meridian, are
tabulated on pages 10-25, at an interval of three days. The UT of these phenomena,
they may be taken, without significant error, to be the Local Mean Time (LMT) of the
phenomena for any other meridian, since UT = LMT at Greenwich. To obtain the UT of
a phenomenon at a particular place, the longitude must be converted to time (by means
of the table on page 78 or otherwise) and applied (east −, west +) to the LMT thus:
UT = LMT − east (+west) longitude
Usually it will be sufficiently accurate to use the times given for the nearest tabular date,
or, to find the following or preceding phenomenon it is sufficiently accurate to add or
subtract 24h, changing the Greenwich date by one day.
Examples. The UT of beginning of morning twilight and sunrise for longitude E 135◦ 39 ,
and of sunset and end of evening twilight for longitude W 115◦ 13 , are required in latitude
N 33◦ 20 on 1998 January 1.
Twilight Sunrise Sunset Twilight
Page 4, nearest date Jan. 2 h m h m h m h m
Latitude N 33◦ 20 06 37 07 04 17 04 17 31
Longitude (page 78) E 135◦ 39 −9 03 −9 03 W 115◦ 13 +7 41 +7 41
21 34 22 01 00 45 01 12
12:05 12:10 12:14 12:14 12:10 12:05 12:00 11:57 11:57 12:00
o o
N85 N85
SEMIDURATION OF SUNLIGHT
o o
N80 N80
SUN BELOW SUN ABOVE
HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 N75
o 0h 12h o
N70 2h 4h 6h 8h 10h N70
1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY
8h
6h
o o
N85 N85
NO TWILIGHT h 3h
4 DURATION OF TWILIGHT
OR SUNLIGHT
o h o
N80 2 N80
CONTINUOUS TWILIGHT
3h OR SUNLIGHT
o o
N75 1h 20m N75
0h
1h
o 2h o
N70 1h N70
2h 48m
50m
1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY
18h 0h 6h 12h
o o
N85 N85
o o
N80 N80
MOON ABOVE MOON BELOW
HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 12h 12h 0h 0h N75
o 4h 6h 8h 10h 10h 8h 6h 4h 2h 2h 4h o
N70 N70
SEMIDURATION OF MOONLIGHT
JANUARY 5 10 15 20 25 30
5. Moonrise and Moonset. The UT times of moonrise and moonset for latitudes N72◦
to S60◦ , for the Greenwich meridian, are tabulated daily on pages 26-61.
Since the interval between successive moonrises or moonsets varies (and is generally
greater than 24h), times of rise or set must be interpolated from their tabular values on the
meridian of Greenwich to the meridian of the observer. Interpolation from UT to LMT
may be accomplished by using the half-daily differences (“Diff.”) tabulated in the shaded
column, and the table “Interpolation of Moonrise, Moonset for Longitude”, printed on
page 79. The table is entered with Diff. and longitude, and the reduction to LMT, selected
without interpolation, is applied to the tabular UT with the same sign as the Diff. for
west longitudes and with the opposite sign for east longitudes. This interpolation cannot
be made in extreme conditions, when a symbol (*) is given in the shaded column.
It may happen that an interpolated time so found is for the day before or after that
required, in which case the time on the date required can be determined by adding, or
subtracting, twice the Diff. and advancing, or decreasing, the date by a day. Each month
there will be one day (near last quarter) on which there is no moonrise, and another
(near first quarter) on which there is no moonset; when this happens for the Greenwich
meridian, the time of the next phenomenon is listed twice, the first time with a value
greater than 24h to indicate that the phenomenon occurs on the following day. This is
done to provide a starting point for the calculation of the times of the phenomena in
other longitudes.
Examples. The UT of moonrise and moonset are required for (i) latitude N 55◦ 00 ,
longitude E 173◦ 37 and (ii) latitude S 15◦ 10 , longitude W 53◦ 37 , on 1998 January 1.
The example (ii) Moonset shows that no moonset occurs in this position on January 1.
6. Sunlight and Moonlight Graphs. The graphs on pages 69 and 70-72 give data
concerning the rising and setting of the Sun and Moon and the duration of twilight for
high latitudes. Graphs are given instead of tables for high latitudes because they give a
clearer picture of the phenomena and of the attainable accuracy in any given case. In
7. Corrections for Height of Observer. The times of sunrise, sunset and twilight given
on pages 10-25 are for an observer on the ground (at sea level). The corresponding
times for an observer above the ground will be earlier for morning and later for evening
phenomena. The graphs on pages 62-66 and Tables 2 and 3 on pages 67 and 68 enable
these times to be found for heights up to 60 000 feet.
For a series of latitudes the graphs give the hour angle (HA) of the Sun when it
reaches a particular depression; an auxiliary diagram on each page provides a correction
to the depression to allow for the difference between the latitude of the observer and that
of the diagram. The HA is determined by the intersection of the curve corresponding
to declination with the level of depression, corrected, if necessary, for the difference
of latitude; the time of reaching this depression is then obtained by applying the HA
(subtract for rising, add for setting) to the time of meridian passage (Mer. Pass.). Table 1
on pages 67 and 68 gives the LMT of the Sun’s Mer. Pass., together with the Sun’s Dec.
at 12h UT on each day.
When the declination curve is completely above the depression required, it is “light”
all night; when the declination curve is completely below the depression required, it is
“dark” all day.
At a particular height above ground level the Sun will rise or set when, referred to the
ground point vertically below, it reaches a particular depression below the horizon. Table
2 on pages 67 and 68 gives the depression of the Sun at rising or setting as seen from
various heights. Owing to the corrections for refraction and semidiameter, the depression
at rising and setting for an observer on the ground (at sea level) is 0◦. 8.
The duration of twilight (i.e., the time between sunset and a particular level of illu-
mination) will rapidly diminish as the height increases. It is difficult, however, to give
numerical values to the depressions corresponding to illuminations at various heights
associated with particular twilights at ground level, owing both to limitations of physical
theory and to the variety of practical applications. A particular level of illumination
will, however, always be associated at a particular height with a particular value of the
depression; once the user has determined, from experience, the depression corresponding
to the height and the conditions of illumination he requires, the times can be found from
the graphs in the same way as for rising and setting.
The graphs are used as follows:
(a) From Table 1 on pages 67 and 68 take out the Mer. Pass. and Dec. of the Sun for
the day concerned.
If errors of up to 10m cannot be accepted, the simplest method, for all except extreme
cases, is to determine values of the hour angle for the next larger and next smaller latitude
and interpolate between them; in extreme cases, i.e., for hour angle near 0h and 12h, the
only accurate method is to modify the depressions as indicated above.
Thus, if accurate times are required, one of the following procedures should be adopted:
1. Use steps (a), (b), (c), (c ) and (d).
or 2. Use the graphs for the two adjacent latitudes and interpolate to the required
latitude, for all except extreme cases.
or 3. Use the alternative method as given on page 67.
If only approximate times are required, one of the following may be used:
4. For all latitudes, when the hour angles are between 0h and 4h or between 8h and
12h , use Δd equal to the difference in latitude between the actual latitude and the
latitude of the graph, of opposite sign near 0h and of the same sign near 12h; for
hour angles between 4h and 8h neglect Δd. The maximum error is about 8m.
or 5. For latitudes less than 40◦ , neglect Δd for all hour angles. The maximum error is
about 12m.
Example 2. To find the time of sunset on 2013 April 18 in latitude N 65◦ 17 , longitude
W 35◦ 15 , at a height of 37 000 ft.
From page 67 Table 1 the Sun’s meridian passage is 11h 59m and declination N 11◦. 0;
from Table 2 the depression corresponding to 37 000 ft. is 4◦. 5.
The nearest graph is for latitude 66◦ ; with declination (same) the HA is greater than 6h so
that the difference in latitude (65◦. 3 − 66◦ = −0◦. 7) applied to the depression is 4◦. 5 − 0◦. 7 =
3◦. 8. Using declination 11◦. 0 (same) and depression 3◦. 8, the hour angle is 08h 28m; therefore
the UT of sunset is 11h 59m (Mer. Pass.) + 08h 28m (HA) + 2h 21m (W long.) = 22h 48m.
If the auxiliary graph is used, the value of Δd (for a difference of latitude of −0◦. 7 and
an HA of 8·5 hours) is −0◦. 5, so that the corrected depression is 4◦. 5 − 0◦. 5 = 4◦. 0; the
corresponding HA is 08h 31m, giving UT of sunset = 22h 51m.
8. Percentage of the Moon Illuminated. This table (page 73) is included for planning
purposes. The two quantities given for each date are for 06h and 18h UT. Full Moon
is represented by 100, first and last quarter by 50, and New Moon by 0. Available
moonlight illumination at a specific geographic location depends critically upon the
percentage illuminated, the altitude of the Moon above the horizon and, additionally,
local meteorological conditions.
9. Standard Times. These lists (pages 74-77) give the standard times adopted in most
places. Frequent changes, especially in the incidence of summer time, occur at short
notice.
10. Conversion of Arc to Time. This table (page 78) is for converting expressions in arc
to their equivalent in time; its main use in this Almanac is for the conversion of longitude
for application to LMT (added if west, subtracted if east) to give UT or vice versa.
11. Interpolation of Moonrise and Moonset. This table (page 79) is for interpolation
of the times of moonrise and moonset from the Greenwich meridian to the observers
meridian. The table is entered with Diff. and longitude, and the reduction to LMT,
selected without interpolation, is applied to the tabular UT with the same sign as the Diff.
for west longitudes and with the opposite sign for east longitudes.
SUNSET, 2013
SUNSET, 2013
SUNSET, 2013
SUNSET, 2013
N60 02 12 02 03 01 53 01 44 01 35 01 26 01 17 01 09 01 02 00 56 00 52 00 49 00 49 00 52 00 57 01 04
58 35 27 02 20 02 13 02 06 02 00 01 55 01 50 01 46 01 43 01 41 01 40 01 41 01 42 01 45 01 49
56 02 53 02 46 40 34 29 24 02 20 02 17 02 14 02 12 02 11 02 10 02 11 02 12 02 14 02 17
54 03 08 03 02 02 57 02 52 02 47 44 40 37 35 34 33 33 33 34 36 39
52 20 15 03 11 03 07 03 03 02 59 02 57 02 54 02 52 02 51 02 51 02 51 02 51 02 52 02 54 02 56
N50 03 32 03 27 03 23 03 19 03 16 03 13 03 11 03 09 03 07 03 06 03 06 03 06 03 06 03 07 03 09 03 11
45 03 54 03 51 03 48 03 45 03 42 03 40 03 38 37 36 35 35 35 36 03 37 03 38 03 40
40 04 12 04 09 04 07 04 05 04 03 04 01 04 00 03 59 03 58 03 58 03 58 03 58 03 59 04 00 04 01 04 02
35 27 25 23 21 19 18 17 04 16 04 16 04 16 04 16 04 16 04 17 18 19 20
30 39 37 36 34 33 32 32 31 31 31 31 32 32 33 34 04 35
N20 04 59 04 58 04 57 04 57 04 56 04 56 04 55 04 55 04 55 04 56 04 56 04 57 04 57 04 58 04 59 05 00
N10 05 16 05 16 05 15 05 15 05 15 05 15 05 15 05 15 05 16 05 16 05 16 05 17 05 18 05 18 05 19 20
0 31 31 31 31 32 32 32 33 33 34 35 35 36 36 37 38
S 10 45 05 45 05 46 05 47 05 47 05 48 05 49 05 49 05 50 05 51 05 52 05 52 05 53 05 54 05 54 05 55
20 05 59 06 00 06 01 06 02 06 03 06 04 06 05 06 06 06 07 06 08 06 09 06 10 06 10 06 11 06 11 06 12
S 30 06 14 06 15 06 17 06 19 06 20 06 22 06 23 06 24 06 26 06 27 06 28 06 29 06 29 06 30 06 30 06 30
35 22 24 26 28 30 31 33 35 36 37 38 39 40 40 41 41
40 31 33 36 38 40 42 44 46 06 48 06 49 06 50 06 51 06 52 06 52 06 52 06 52
45 41 44 06 47 06 50 06 52 06 55 06 57 06 59 07 01 07 02 07 04 07 04 07 05 07 06 07 06 07 05
50 54 06 57 07 00 07 04 07 07 07 10 07 12 07 14 16 18 20 21 21 22 22 21
S 52 06 59 07 03 07 07 07 10 07 13 07 16 07 19 07 22 07 24 07 26 07 27 07 28 07 29 07 29 07 29 07 28
54 07 05 09 13 17 21 24 27 29 32 34 35 36 37 37 37 36
56 12 16 21 25 29 32 35 38 41 43 44 45 46 46 46 45
58 19 24 29 33 38 41 45 48 07 51 07 53 07 54 07 56 07 56 07 57 07 56 07 55
S 60 07 28 07 33 07 38 07 43 07 48 07 52 07 56 07 59 08 02 08 04 08 06 08 07 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 07
N60 21 43 21 53 22 03 22 13 22 23 22 33 22 42 22 51 22 59 23 06 23 11 23 14 23 14 23 12 23 08 23 02
58 20 28 21 36 21 43 21 51 21 57 22 04 22 09 22 14 22 18 22 21 22 23 22 23 22 23 22 21 22 18
56 21 02 21 09 21 15 21 27 33 21 38 21 42 21 46 21 49 21 51 21 53 21 53 21 53 21 52 21 50
54 20 47 20 52 20 58 21 03 21 08 21 13 17 21 24 27 29 30 31 31 30 29
52 34 39 44 20 49 20 53 20 57 21 01 21 04 21 07 21 09 21 11 21 12 21 13 21 13 21 12 21 11
N50 20 22 20 27 20 31 20 36 20 40 20 43 20 47 20 50 20 52 20 54 20 56 20 57 20 58 20 58 20 57 20 56
45 19 59 20 03 20 07 20 10 20 13 20 16 20 19 20 21 23 25 26 27 28 28 28 27
40 41 19 44 19 47 19 50 19 53 19 55 19 57 19 59 20 01 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 05 20 06 20 06 20 05
35 27 29 31 34 36 38 40 42 19 43 19 44 19 46 19 46 19 47 19 48 19 48 19 47
30 19 14 19 16 19 18 19 20 19 22 24 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 32 32 32
N20 18 54 18 55 18 56 18 58 18 59 19 00 19 01 19 02 19 04 19 05 19 05 19 06 19 07 19 07 19 08 19 08
N10 37 37 38 39 40 18 41 18 42 18 43 18 43 18 44 18 45 18 46 18 46 18 47 18 47 18 48
0 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 26 26 27 28 28 29 29 30
S 10 18 08 18 08 18 07 18 07 18 08 18 08 18 08 18 08 18 09 18 09 18 10 18 10 18 11 18 12 18 12 18 13
20 17 54 17 53 17 52 17 52 17 52 17 51 17 51 17 51 17 52 17 52 17 53 17 53 17 54 17 54 17 55 17 56
S 30 17 39 17 38 17 36 17 35 17 34 17 34 17 33 17 33 17 33 17 33 17 34 17 34 17 35 17 36 17 37 17 38
35 31 29 27 26 25 24 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 25 26 27
40 21 19 17 16 14 13 17 12 17 12 17 11 17 11 17 11 17 12 17 12 13 14 16
45 17 11 17 08 17 06 17 04 17 02 17 01 16 59 16 59 16 58 16 58 16 58 16 58 16 59 17 00 17 01 17 02
50 16 59 16 55 16 53 16 50 16 48 16 46 44 43 42 42 42 42 43 16 44 16 45 16 47
S 52 16 53 16 50 16 46 16 44 16 41 16 39 16 37 16 36 16 35 16 35 16 34 16 35 16 35 16 36 16 38 16 39
54 47 43 40 37 34 32 30 28 27 26 26 26 27 28 30 31
56 40 36 32 29 26 23 21 19 18 17 17 17 18 19 21 23
58 33 28 24 20 17 14 12 16 10 16 08 16 07 16 07 16 07 16 08 16 09 16 10 13
S 60 16 24 16 19 16 15 16 10 16 07 16 03 16 01 15 59 15 57 15 56 15 55 15 55 15 56 15 57 15 59 16 01
SUNSET, 2013
SUNSET, 2013
SUNSET, 2013
SUNSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
MOONSET, 2013
LATITUDE 72o
h Hour h Angle h h h h Hour Angle
00 01 02 03 04 05 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h 11h 12h
0o 0o
2o 15 o 2o
4o 4o
20 o 15 o 10 o 5o 0o 5o 10 o
6o CONTRARY SAME 6o
8o 8o
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
LATITUDE 70o
00h Hour 01h Angle 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h Hour 11h Angle 12h
0o 0o
2o 2o
4o 15 o 4o
20 o 15 o 10 o 5o 0o 5o 10 o
6o La CONTRARY SAME 6o
− 1o t. +1 o
8o Δd 8o
o
+1o Lat.−1
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
0 HA 6 12
TEX
12o 12o
00h Hour 01h Angle 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h Hour 11h Angle 12h
LATITUDE 68o
h Hour h Angle h h h h Hour Angle
00 01 02 03 04 05 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h 11h 12h
0o 0o
DEPRESSIONS BELOW THE HORIZON OF 0◦ TO 12◦ .
20 o
2o 2o
RISING, SETTING AND DEPRESSION GRAPHS
4o 10 o 4o
20 o 15 o 5o 0o 5o 10 o 15 o
THESE GRAPHS GIVE THE HOUR ANGLE (E. OR W.) CORRESPONDING TO
6o CONTRARY SAME 6o
8o 8o
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
12o 12o
00h Hour 01h Angle 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h Hour 11h Angle 12h
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20121001
LATITUDE 66o
h Hour h Angle h h h h Hour Angle
00 01 02 03 04 05 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h 11h 12h
0o 0o
2o 2o
20 o
4o 4o
10 o
5
o
5
o
0
o
20 o
15
10
o
o
15 o
6o CONTRARY SAME 6o
8o 8o
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
LATITUDE 64o
00h Hour 01h Angle 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h Hour 11h Angle 12h
0o 0o
2o 2o
4o La 4o
o
o
5
20 o
o
−1o t. +1 o
15
0
15 o
o
o
5
o
10
10
20 o
6o Δd 6o
o CONTRARY SAME
+1o Lat. −1
8o 8o
0 HA 6 12
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
TEX
12o 12o
00h Hour 01h Angle 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h Hour 11h Angle 12h
LATITUDE 62o
h Hour h Angle h h h h Hour Angle
00 01 02 03 04 05 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h 11h 12h
0o 0o
DEPRESSIONS BELOW THE HORIZON OF 0◦ TO 12◦ .
2o 2o
RISING, SETTING AND DEPRESSION GRAPHS
4o 20 o 4o
15 o
5
0
5
o
o
o
o 20 o
10
o
15
o
10
THESE GRAPHS GIVE THE HOUR ANGLE (E. OR W.) CORRESPONDING TO
6o CONTRARY SAME 6o
8o 8o
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
12o 12o
Hour Angle Hour Angle
63
00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h 11h 12h
ukaa13
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20121001
64
LATITUDE 60o
h Hour h Angle h h h h Hour Angle
00 01 02 03 04 05 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h 11h 12h
0o 0o
2o 2o
4o 4o
0
o
o
10
10
o
o
20 o
20
6o CONTRARY SAME 6o
8o 8o
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
LATITUDE 58o
00h Hour 01h Angle 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h Hour 11h Angle 12h
0o 0o
2o 2o
4o La 4o
0
o
20 o
10
o
o
10
20
o
−1o t. +1 o
6o Δd 6o
o CONTRARY SAME
+1o Lat. −1
8o 8o
0 HA 6 12
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
TEX
12o 12o
00h Hour 01h Angle 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h Hour 11h Angle 12h
LATITUDE 56o
h Hour h Angle h h h h Hour Angle
00 01 02 03 04 05 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h 11h 12h
0o 0o
DEPRESSIONS BELOW THE HORIZON OF 0◦ TO 12◦ .
2o 2o
RISING, SETTING AND DEPRESSION GRAPHS
4o 4o
o
0
o
20
o
20
10
10
o
o
THESE GRAPHS GIVE THE HOUR ANGLE (E. OR W.) CORRESPONDING TO
6o CONTRARY SAME 6o
8o 8o
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
12o 12o
00h Hour 01h Angle 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h Hour 11h Angle 12h
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20121001
LATITUDE 54o
h Hour h Angle h h h h Hour Angle
00 01 02 03 04 05 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h 11h 12h
0o 0o
2o 2o
4o 4o
0
o
10
10
20
o
o
o
20
o
6o CONTRARY SAME 6o
8o 8o
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
LATITUDE 52o
00h Hour 01h Angle 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h Hour 11h Angle 12h
0o 0o
2o 2o
4o La 4o
0
o
10
10
o
o
20
20
o
o
−1o t. +1 o
6o Δd 6o
o CONTRARY SAME
+1o Lat. −1
8o 8o
0 HA 6 12
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
TEX
12o 12o
00h Hour 01h Angle 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h Hour 11h Angle 12h
LATITUDE 50o
h Hour h Angle h h h h Hour Angle
00 01 02 03 04 05 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h 11h 12h
0o 0o
DEPRESSIONS BELOW THE HORIZON OF 0◦ TO 12◦ .
2o 2o
RISING, SETTING AND DEPRESSION GRAPHS
4o 4o
0
o
20
10
o
o
10
20
o
o
THESE GRAPHS GIVE THE HOUR ANGLE (E. OR W.) CORRESPONDING TO
6o CONTRARY SAME 6o
8o 8o
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
12o 12o
Hour Angle Hour Angle
65
00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 10h 11h 12h
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20121001
66
2o 2o
4o 4o
0
o
o
10
25
20
10
20
25
o
20
10
10
o
o
o
o
25
o
20
25
o
o
o
o
o
6o CONTRARY SAME CONTRARY SAME 6o
8o 8o
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
2o 2o
4o 4o
0
0
0
o
o
o
20
10
10
20
10
10
20
20
10
10
20
20
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
4 HA 6 9
TEX
12o 12o
04h Hour 05h Angle 06h 07h 08h 05h 06h 07h 08h 05h 06h Hour 07h Angle 08h
2o 2o
20
o
20
o
o
o
4o
RISING, SETTING AND DEPRESSION GRAPHS
4o
SA
SA
C
10
SA
10
M
SA
o
C
ME
E
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
ON
THESE GRAPHS GIVE THE HOUR ANGLE (E. OR W.) CORRESPONDING TO
6o 6o
ME
T
25 CON
ON
30 CON
10
o
10
T
o
TR
RA
20
o
ME 25
20
30
o
o
o
8o 8o
RA
RA
AR
RY
RY
Y
RY
Depression at 0 ft.
Depression at 0 ft.
10o 10o
12o 12o
05h Hour 06h Angle 07h 08h 06h 07h 06h 07h 06h 07h 06h 07h
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RISING, SETTING AND DEPRESSION GRAPHS, 2013 67
TABLE 1 TABLES 2 and 3
MERIDIAN PASSAGE AND DECLINATION DEPRESSION OF SUN
OF THE SUN AT 12h UT AT VARIOUS HEIGHTS
January February March April May June
AND SUNSET
D
AT SUNRISE
TWILIGHT
a Mer. Mer. Mer. Mer. Mer. Mer.
AT CIVIL
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
y Pass. Dec Pass. Dec Pass. Dec Pass. Dec Pass. Dec Pass. Dec
Height
12h 12h 12h 12h 12h 12h
m ◦ m ◦ m ◦ m ◦ m ◦ m ◦
1 +04 S 23·0 +14 S 17·0 +12 S 7·4 +04 N 4·7 −03 N 15·2 −02 N 22·1
2 +04 22·9 +14 16·7 +12 7·0 +03 5·1 −03 15·5 −02 22·2
5·5 −03 15·8 −02 22·4
Depression
Depression
3 +05 22·8 +14 16·4 +12 6·7 +03
Diff. from
Diff. from
4 +05 22·7 +14 16·1 +12 6·3 +03 5·9 −03 16·1 −02 22·5
0◦. 8
0◦. 8
Feet
5 +05 22·6 +14 15·8 +11 5·9 +03 6·2 −03 16·4 −01 22·6
6 +06 S 22·4 +14 S 15·5 +11 S 5·5 +02 N 6·6 −03 N 16·7 −01 N 22·7
7 +06 22·3 +14 15·2 +11 5·1 +02 7·0 −03 16·9 −01 22·8 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
8 +07 22·2 +14 14·8 +11 4·7 +02 7·4 −04 17·2 −01 22·9 0 0·8 — 6·0 5·2
9 +07 22·0 +14 14·5 +10 4·3 +02 7·7 −04 17·5 −01 23·0 500 1·3 0·5 6·0 5·2
10 +08 21·9 +14 14·2 +10 3·9 +01 8·1 −04 17·7 −01 23·0
11 +08 S 21·7 +14 S 13·9 +10 S 3·5 +01 N 8·5 −04 N 18·0 00 N 23·1 1 000 1·5 0·7 6·0 5·2
12 +08 21·6 +14 13·5 +10 3·1 +01 8·8 −04 18·2 00 23·2 2 000 1·7 0·9 6·1 5·3
13 +09 21·4 +14 13·2 +09 2·8 00 9·2 −04 18·5 00 23·2 3 000 1·9 1·1 6·1 5·3
14 +09 21·2 +14 12·9 +09 2·4 00 9·6 −04 18·7 00 23·3 4 000 2·1 1·3 6·1 5·3
15 +09 21·0 +14 12·5 +09 2·0 00 9·9 −04 19·0 +01 23·3 5 000 2·2 1·4 6·2 5·4
16 +10 S 20·8 +14 S 12·2 +09 S 1·6 00 N 10·3 −04 N 19·2 +01 N 23·4 6 000 2·4 1·6 6·2 5·4
17 +10 20·6 +14 11·8 +08 1·2 00 10·6 −04 19·4 +01 23·4 7 000 2·5 1·7 6·2 5·4
18 +10 20·4 +14 11·5 +08 0·8 −01 11·0 −04 19·6 +01 23·4 8 000 2·6 1·8 6·3 5·5
19 +11 20·2 +14 11·1 +08 S 0·4 −01 11·3 −04 19·9 +01 23·4 9 000 2·7 1·9 6·3 5·5
20 +11 20·0 +14 10·8 +07 N 0·0 −01 11·7 −03 20·1 +02 23·4 10 000 2·8 2·0 6·3 5·5
21 +11 S 19·8 +14 S 10·4 +07 N 0·4 −01 N 12·0 −03 N 20·3 +02 N 23·4
22 +12 19·6 +13 10·0 +07 0·8 −02 12·3 −03 20·5 +02 23·4 15 000 3·2 2·4 6·5 5·7
23 +12 19·3 +13 9·7 +07 1·2 −02 12·7 −03 20·7 +02 23·4 20 000 3·6 2·8 6·6 5·8
24 +12 19·1 +13 9·3 +06 1·6 −02 13·0 −03 20·8 +02 23·4 25 000 3·9 3·1 6·8 6·0
25 +12 18·8 +13 8·9 +06 2·0 −02 13·3 −03 21·0 +03 23·4 30 000 4·2 3·4 6·9 6·1
35 000 4·4 3·6 7·1 6·3
26 +13 S 18·6 +13 S 8·6 +06 N 2·4 −02 N 13·7 −03 N 21·2 +03 N 23·3
27 +13 18·3 +13 8·2 +05 2·8 −02 14·0 −03 21·4 +03 23·3 40 000 4·7 3·9 7·2 6·4
28 +13 18·1 +12 S 7·8 +05 3·2 −03 14·3 −03 21·5 +03 23·3 45 000 4·9 4·1 7·3 6·5
29 +13 17·8 +05 3·6 −03 14·6 −03 21·7 +03 23·2 50 000 5·1 4·3 7·5 6·7
30 +13 17·5 +04 3·9 −03 N 14·9 −02 21·8 +04 N 23·1 55 000 5·3 4·5 7·6 6·8
31 +13 S 17·3 +04 N 4·3 −02 N 22·0 60 000 5·5 4·7 7·7 6·9
An alternative method to those given on pages 7-9 is to use the graphs to give the corrections
to the tabulated times of sunrise and sunset at ground level; in this case it is adequate to use
the graphs for the nearest tabular latitude and declination. The difference in hour angle is found
between the hour angle for zero depression and the hour angle at the tabular depression minus
0◦. 8. The difference in hour angle so found is then applied to the time of sunrise or sunset. The
result will be less than 5m in error if the declination curve cuts all the depression lines.
Example. To find the times of sunrise and sunset on 2013 April 18 in latitude N 65◦ 17 , longitude
W 35◦ 15 , at a height of 37 000 feet. From Table 1, Dec = N 11◦. 0; Table 2, Depression diff. from
0◦. 8 = 3◦. 7.
Sunrise Sunset
h m h m
Page 14, N 65◦ 17 04 12 19 49
Page 63, Lat 66◦ , Dec 11◦ (same);
diff. in HA from depression 0◦ to 3◦. 7 −45 +45
LMT 03 27 20 34
Longitude W 35◦ 15 2 21 2 21
UT 05 48 22 55
AND SUNSET
D
AT SUNRISE
TWILIGHT
a Mer. Mer. Mer. Mer. Mer. Mer.
AT CIVIL
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
y Pass. Dec Pass. Dec Pass. Dec Pass. Dec Pass. Dec Pass. Dec
Height
12h 12h 12h 12h 12h 12h
m ◦ m ◦ m ◦ m ◦ m ◦ m ◦
1 +04 N 23·1 +06 N 17·9 00 N 8·1 −10 S 3·4 −16 S 14·6 −11 S 21·9
2 +04 23·0 +06 17·6 00 7·8 −11 3·7 −16 14·9 −11 22·0
+04 22·9 +06 17·4 −01 7·4 −11 4·1 −16 15·2 −10 22·2
Depression
Depression
3
Diff. from
Diff. from
4 +04 22·8 +06 17·1 −01 7·0 −11 4·5 −16 15·5 −10 22·3
0◦. 8
0◦. 8
Feet
5 +05 22·7 +06 16·8 −01 6·6 −12 4·9 −16 15·8 −09 22·4
6 +05 N 22·6 +06 N 16·6 −02 N 6·3 −12 S 5·3 −16 S 16·1 −09 S 22·5
7 +05 22·5 +06 16·3 −02 5·9 −12 5·7 −16 16·4 −08 22·7 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
8 +05 22·4 +06 16·0 −02 5·5 −13 6·1 −16 16·7 −08 22·8 0 0·8 — 6·0 5·2
9 +05 22·3 +05 15·7 −03 5·1 −13 6·4 −16 17·0 −08 22·9 500 1·3 0·5 6·0 5·2
10 +05 22·2 +05 15·4 −03 4·8 −13 6·8 −16 17·3 −07 22·9
11 +06 N 22·0 +05 N 15·1 −03 N 4·4 −13 S 7·2 −16 S 17·5 −07 S 23·0 1 000 1·5 0·7 6·0 5·2
12 +06 21·9 +05 14·8 −04 4·0 −14 7·6 −16 17·8 −06 23·1 2 000 1·7 0·9 6·1 5·3
13 +06 21·8 +05 14·5 −04 3·6 −14 7·9 −16 18·1 −06 23·2 3 000 1·9 1·1 6·1 5·3
14 +06 21·6 +05 14·2 −05 3·2 −14 8·3 −16 18·3 −05 23·2 4 000 2·1 1·3 6·1 5·3
15 +06 21·4 +04 13·9 −05 2·9 −14 8·7 −15 18·6 −05 23·3 5 000 2·2 1·4 6·2 5·4
16 +06 N 21·3 +04 N 13·6 −05 N 2·5 −14 S 9·0 −15 S 18·8 −04 S 23·3 6 000 2·4 1·6 6·2 5·4
17 +06 21·1 +04 13·3 −06 2·1 −15 9·4 −15 19·1 −04 23·4 7 000 2·5 1·7 6·2 5·4
18 +06 20·9 +04 12·9 −06 1·7 −15 9·8 −15 19·3 −03 23·4 8 000 2·6 1·8 6·3 5·5
19 +06 20·8 +04 12·6 −06 1·3 −15 10·1 −15 19·6 −03 23·4 9 000 2·7 1·9 6·3 5·5
20 +06 20·6 +03 12·3 −07 0·9 −15 10·5 −14 19·8 −02 23·4 10 000 2·8 2·0 6·3 5·5
21 +06 N 20·4 +03 N 12·0 −07 N 0·5 −15 S 10·9 −14 S 20·0 −02 S 23·4
22 +06 20·2 +03 11·6 −07 N 0·1 −16 11·2 −14 20·2 −01 23·4 15 000 3·2 2·4 6·5 5·7
23 +06 20·0 +03 11·3 −08 S 0·2 −16 11·6 −14 20·4 −01 23·4 20 000 3·6 2·8 6·6 5·8
24 +07 19·8 +02 10·9 −08 0·6 −16 11·9 −13 20·6 00 23·4 25 000 3·9 3·1 6·8 6·0
25 +07 19·6 +02 10·6 −08 1·0 −16 12·2 −13 20·8 00 23·4 30 000 4·2 3·4 6·9 6·1
35 000 4·4 3·6 7·1 6·3
26 +07 N 19·3 +02 N 10·3 −09 S 1·4 −16 S 12·6 −13 S 21·0 +01 S 23·3
27 +06 19·1 +01 9·9 −09 1·8 −16 12·9 −12 21·2 +01 23·3 40 000 4·7 3·9 7·2 6·4
28 +06 18·9 +01 9·6 −09 2·2 −16 13·3 −12 21·4 +02 23·3 45 000 4·9 4·1 7·3 6·5
29 +06 18·6 +01 9·2 −10 2·6 −16 13·6 −12 21·5 +02 23·2 50 000 5·1 4·3 7·5 6·7
30 +06 18·4 +01 8·8 −10 S 3·0 −16 13·9 −11 S 21·7 +03 23·1 55 000 5·3 4·5 7·6 6·8
31 +06 N 18·1 00 N 8·5 −16 S 14·2 +03 S 23·1 60 000 5·5 4·7 7·7 6·9
o o
N85 N85
SEMIDURATION OF SUNLIGHT
o o
N80 N80
SUN BELOW SUN ABOVE
HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 N75
o 0h 12h o
N70 2h 4h 6h 8h 10h N70
1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY
12:05 12:06 12:06 12:05 12:00 11:55 11:50 11:45 11:44 11:44 11:45 11:50 11:55 12:00
o o
N85 N85
SEMIDURATION OF SUNLIGHT
o o
N80 N80
SUN ABOVE SUN BELOW
HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 N75
o 12h 0h o
N70 10h 8h 6h 4h 2h N70
1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JAN.
8h
6h
o o
N85 N85
NO TWILIGHT 4h 3h
DURATION OF TWILIGHT
OR SUNLIGHT
o h o
N80 2 N80
CONTINUOUS TWILIGHT
3h
OR SUNLIGHT
o o
N75 1h 20m N75
0h
1h
o 2h o
N70 1h N70
2h 48m
50m
1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY
8h
6h
o o
N85 N85
CONTINUOUS TWILIGHT 3h
4h DURATION OF TWILIGHT
OR SUNLIGHT
o h o
N80 2 N80
NO TWILIGHT
3h
OR SUNLIGHT
o h m o
N75 1 20 N75
h
0
1h
o o
N70 1h N70
2h
2h 48m
50m
1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JAN.
6h 12h 18h 0h
o o
N85 N85
o o
N80 N80
MOON BELOW MOON ABOVE
HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 0h 0h 12h 12h N75
o 6h 4h 2h 2h 4h 6h 8h 10h 10h 8h 6h o
N70 N70
JANUARY 5 10 15 20 25 30
6h 12h 18h 0h
o o
N85 N85
o o
N80 N80
MOON BELOW MOON ABOVE
HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 0h 0h 12h 12h 0h N75
o 4h 2h 2h 4h 6h 8h 10h 10h 8h 6h 4h 2h o
N70 N70
FEBRUARY 5 10 15 20 25 2
6h 12h 18h 0h
o o
N85 N85
o o
N80 N80
MOON BELOW MOON ABOVE
HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 0h 0h 12h 12h 0h N75
o 2h 2h 4h 6h 8h 10h 10h 8h 6h 4h 2h o
N70 N70
MARCH 5 10 15 20 25 30
6h 12h 18h 0h
o o
N85 N85
o o
N80 N80
MOON BELOW MOON ABOVE MOON BELOW
HORIZON HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 0h 12h 12h 0h N75
o 2h 4h 6h 8h 10h 10h 8h 6h 4h 2h 2h o
N70 N70
APRIL 5 10 15 20 25 30
6h 12h 18h 0h 6h
o o
N85 N85
o o
N80 N80
MOON ABOVE MOON BELOW
HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 0h 12h 12h 0h 0h N75
o 4h 6h 8h 10h 10h 8h 6h 4h 2h 2h 4h o
N70 N70
MAY 5 10 15 20 25 30
12h 18h 0h 6h
o o
N85 N85
o o
N80 N80
MOON ABOVE MOON BELOW
HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 12h 12h 0h 0h N75
o 8h 10h 10h 8h 6h 4h 2h 2h 4h 6h 8h o
N70 N70
JUNE 5 10 15 20 25 30
12h 18h 0h 6h
o o
N85 N85
o o
N80 N80
MOON ABOVE MOON BELOW
HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 12h 12h 0h 0h 12h N75
JULY 5 10 15 20 25 30
12h 18h 0h 6h
o o
N85 N85
o o
N80 N80
MOON ABOVE MOON BELOW MOON ABOVE
HORIZON HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 12h 0h 0h 12h N75
o 10h 8h 6h 4h 2h 2h 4h 6h 8h 10h o
N70 N70
AUGUST 5 10 15 20 25 30
12h 18h 0h 6h
o o
N85 N85
o o
N80 N80
MOON BELOW MOON ABOVE
HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 12h 0h 0h 12h 12h N75
SEPTEMBER 5 10 15 20 25 30
12h 18h 0h 6h
o o
N85 N85
o o
N80 N80
MOON BELOW MOON ABOVE
HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 0h 0h 12h 12h N75
o 6h 4h 2h 2h 4h 6h 8h 10h 10h 8h 6h o
N70 N70
OCTOBER 5 10 15 20 25 30
12h 18h 0h 6h
o o
N85 N85
o o
N80 N80
MOON BELOW MOON ABOVE
HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 0h 0h 12h 12h 0h N75
o 4h 2h 2h 4h 6h 8h 10h 10h 8h 6h 4h o
N70 N70
NOVEMBER 5 10 15 20 25 30
12h 18h 0h 6h
o o
N85 N85
o o
N80 N80
MOON BELOW MOON ABOVE MOON BELOW
HORIZON HORIZON HORIZON
o o
N75 0h 12h 12h 0h N75
o 2h 2h 4h 6h 8h 10h 10h 8h 6h 4h 2h o
N70 N70
DECEMBER 5 10 15 20 25 30
87 75 87 72 64 45 39 27 17 15 6 4
1 83 70 83 66 58 40 35 23 13 11 4 2
79 65 78 61 53 35 30 19 10 8 2 1
2 75 59 74 55 47 30 26 15 8 6 1 0
70 54 69 49 41 25 21 12 5 4 0 0
3 65 48 63 44 36 21 18 9 3 2 0 1
60 43 58 38 31 17 14 7 2 1 1 2
4 55 37 52 33 26 14 11 4 1 0 2 5
49 32 46 28 22 10 8 3 0 0 4 7
5 44 26 41 23 17 8 6 1 0 1 7 11
38 21 35 18 14 5 4 1 1 2 10 15
6 33 17 30 14 10 3 2 0 2 4 14 19
27 13 25 11 7 2 1 0 3 6 18 24
7 22 9 20 8 5 1 0 1 6 9 23 29
18 6 16 5 3 0 0 2 8 12 28 35
8 13 3 12 3 2 0 0 3 11 16 33 40
10 2 8 1 1 0 1 5 15 21 39 46
9 6 1 5 1 0 1 2 8 19 26 44 51
4 0 3 0 0 2 4 11 24 31 50 57
10 2 0 2 0 1 4 6 14 29 36 56 62
1 1 1 1 1 6 8 18 34 42 61 67
11 0 3 0 2 3 9 11 22 39 48 67 72
0 5 0 3 5 11 14 27 45 53 72 76
12 1 7 1 5 7 15 18 32 51 59 76 81
3 11 2 8 9 18 22 37 56 65 81 84
13 5 14 4 11 12 22 26 42 62 70 85 88
8 18 6 14 16 26 31 48 67 75 88 91
14 12 22 9 17 19 31 36 53 73 80 92 94
15 26 12 21 23 35 41 59 78 84 94 96
15 19 30 16 25 27 40 46 65 82 88 96 97
24 35 19 29 32 45 51 70 87 91 98 99
16 28 40 23 34 36 50 57 75 90 94 99 100
33 44 28 38 41 56 62 80 93 97 100 100
17 38 49 32 43 46 61 68 85 96 98 100 100
43 54 36 48 51 66 73 89 98 99 100 99
18 48 59 41 52 56 71 78 92 99 100 99 98
53 63 46 57 61 76 83 95 100 100 97 97
19 57 68 50 62 66 81 87 97 100 99 96 95
62 72 55 67 71 85 91 99 99 98 94 93
20 67 76 60 71 76 89 94 100 98 97 91 90
71 80 64 76 80 93 96 100 96 95 88 87
21 75 84 69 80 84 95 98 99 94 92 85 84
79 87 73 84 88 98 99 98 91 89 81 80
22 83 90 78 88 92 99 100 96 88 86 78 76
86 93 82 91 95 100 99 94 85 83 74 72
23 89 95 85 94 97 100 98 91 81 79 69 68
92 97 89 97 99 99 97 87 77 75 65 63
24 94 98 92 98 100 97 94 84 72 71 60 58
96 99 94 100 100 95 91 80 68 66 56 53
25 98 100 97 100 99 92 88 75 63 62 51 48
99 100 98 100 98 89 84 71 59 57 46 43
26 100 99 99 99 96 85 79 66 54 52 41 38
100 98 100 97 94 80 75 61 49 48 36 33
27 100 96 100 95 90 75 70 56 45 43 31 28
99 93 99 92 86 71 65 52 40 38 27 23
28 97 90 98 88 82 65 60 47 35 33 22 19
96 96 84 77 60 55 42 31 29 18 14
29 93 93 79 72 55 50 37 27 24 14 11
90 90 75 67 50 45 33 22 20 10 7
30 87 86 69 62 44 40 29 18 16 7 5
83 82 56 36 24 13 2
31 79 77 51 31 20 9 1
The two quantities given for each date are for 06h and 18h UT. Full Moon is represented by 100, first
and last quarter by 50, and New Moon by 0. Available moonlight illumination at a specific geographic
location depends critically upon the percentage illuminated, the altitude of the Moon above the horizon and,
additionally, local meteorological conditions.
h m h m
Admiralty Islands ... ... ... ... 10 Denmark*† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 04 30 Djibouti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03
Albania* ... ... ... ... ... ... 01 Egypt, Arab Republic of . . . ... ... 02
Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 01 Equatorial Guinea, Republic of ... ... 01
Amirante Islands . . . . . . . . . ... ... 04 Eritrea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 03
Andaman Islands . . . . . . . . . ... ... 05 30 Estonia*† ... ... ... ... ... ... 02
Angola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 01 Ethiopia ... ... ... ... ... ... 03
Armenia ... ... ... ... ... ... 04
Australia Fiji* ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12
Australian Capital Territory* ... ... 10 Finland*† ... ... ... ... ... ... 02
New South Wales *1 . . . . . . ... ... 10 France*† ... ... ... ... ... ... 01
Northern Territory . . . . . . ... ... 09 30 Gabon . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... 01
Queensland ... ... ... ... ... 10 Georgia . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... 04
South Australia* ... ... ... ... 09 30 Germany*† ... ... ... ... ... ... 01
Tasmania* . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 10 Gibraltar* ... ... ... ... ... ... 01
Victoria* . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 10 Greece*† ... ... ... ... ... ... 02
Western Australia ... ... ... ... 08 Guam . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... 10
Whitsunday Islands . . . . . . ... ... 10
Austria*† ... ... ... ... ... ... 01 Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08
Azerbaijan* . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 04 Hungary*† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05 30
Bahrain . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 03 Indonesia, Republic of
Balearic Islands*† ... ... ... ... 01 Bangka, Billiton, Java, West and
Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 06 Central Kalimantan, Madura, Sumatra 07
Belarus . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 03 Bali, Flores, South and East
Belgium*† . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 01 Kalimantan, Lombok, Sulawesi,
Benin ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 01 Sumba, Sumbawa, West Timor . . . 08
Bosnia and Herzegovina* ... ... ... 01 Aru, Irian Jaya, Kai, Moluccas
Botswana, Republic of ... ... ... 02 Tanimbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09
Brunei . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 08 Iran* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03 30
Bulgaria*† . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 02 Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03
Burma (Myanmar) ... ... ... ... 06 30 Israel* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02
Burundi . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 02 Italy*† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
Cambodia ... ... ... ... ... ... 07 Jan Mayen Island* ... ... ... ... 01
Cameroon Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09
Caroline Islands 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Jordan* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02
Central African Republic . . . . . . . . . 01
Chad ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 01 Kazakhstan
Chagos Archipelago & Diego Garcia 06 Western: Aktau, Uralsk, Atyrau . . . 05
Chatham Islands* ... ... ... ... 12 45 Eastern & Central: Kzyl-Orda, Astana 06
China, People’s Republic of ... ... 08 Kenya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03
Christmas Island, Indian Ocean ... 07 Kerguelen Islands ... ... ... ... 05
Cocos (Keeling) Islands ... ... ... 06 30 Kiribati Republic
Comoro Islands (Comoros) ... ... 03 Gilbert Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Congo, Democratic Republic Phoenix Islands 3 ... ... ... ... 13
West: Kinshasa, Equateur ... ... 01 Line Islands 3 ... ... ... ... ... 14
East: Orientale, Kasai, Kivu, Shaba 02 Korea, North ... ... ... ... ... 09
Congo Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 Korea, South ... ... ... ... ... 09
Corsica*† ... ... ... ... ... ... 01 Kuwait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03
Crete*† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02 Kyrgyzstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
Croatia* ... ... ... ... ... ... 01 Laccadive Islands ... ... ... ... 05 30
Cyprus†: Ercan*, Larnaca* ... ... 02 Laos ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 07
Czech Republic*† ... ... ... ... 01 Latvia*† ... ... ... ... ... ... 02
* Daylight-saving time may be kept in these places. † For Summer time dates see List II footnotes.
1 Except Broken Hill Area* which keeps 09h 30m.
2 Except Pohnpei, Pingelap and Kosrae which keep 11h and Palau which keeps 09h.
3 The Line and Phoenix Is. not part of the Kiribati Republic keep 10h and 11h, respectively, slow on UTC.
h m h m
Lebanon* ... ... ... ... ... ... 02 Irkutsk, Bratsk, Ulan-Ude ... ... 09
Lesotho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02 Tiksi, Yakutsk, Chita ... ... ... 10
Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02 Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Okhotsk
Liechtenstein* ... ... ... ... ... 01 Sakhalin Island ... ... ... ... 11
Lithuania*† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02 Petropavlovsk-K., Magadan, Anadyr
Lord Howe Island* ... ... ... ... 10 30 Kuril Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Luxembourg*† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02
Macau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08 Ryukyu Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09
Macedonia*, former Yugoslav Republic 01
Samoa* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Macias Nguema (Fernando Póo) ... 01
Santa Cruz Islands ... ... ... ... 11
Madagascar, Democratic Republic of 03
Sardinia*† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
Malawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02
Saudi Arabia ... ... ... ... ... 03
Malaysia, Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak . . . 08
Schouten Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09
Maldives, Republic of The . . . . . . . . . 05
Serbia* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
Malta*† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
Seychelles ... ... ... ... ... ... 04
Mariana Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Sicily*† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
Marshall Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Singapore ... ... ... ... ... ... 08
Mauritius ... ... ... ... ... ... 04
Slovakia*† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
Moldova* ... ... ... ... ... ... 02
Slovenia*† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
Monaco* ... ... ... ... ... ... 01
Socotra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03
Mongolia ... ... ... ... ... ... 08
Solomon Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Montenegro* ... ... ... ... ... 01
Somalia Republic ... ... ... ... 03
Mozambique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02
South Africa, Republic of . . . . . . . . . 02
Namibia* ... ... ... ... ... ... 01 Spain*† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
Nauru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Spanish Possessions in North Africa* 01
Nepal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05 45 Spitsbergen (Svalbard)* ... ... ... 01
Netherlands, The*† ... ... ... ... 01 Sri Lanka ... ... ... ... ... ... 05 30
New Caledonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Sudan, Republic of ... ... ... ... 03
New Zealand* ... ... ... ... ... 12 Swaziland ... ... ... ... ... ... 02
Nicobar Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05 30 Sweden*† ... ... ... ... ... ... 01
Niger ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 01 Switzerland* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
Nigeria, Republic of . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 Syria (Syrian Arab Republic)* . . . . . . 02
Norfolk Island ... ... ... ... ... 11 30
Norway* ... ... ... ... ... ... 01 Taiwan . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... 08
Novaya Zemlya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04 Tajikistan ... ... ... ... ... ... 05
Okinawa ... ... ... ... ... ... 09 Tanzania ... ... ... ... ... ... 03
Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04 Thailand ... ... ... ... ... ... 07
Timor-Leste . . . ... ... ... ... ... 09
Pagalu (Annobon Islands) . . . . . . . . . 01
Tonga . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... 13
Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Tunisia . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... 01
Palau Islands ... ... ... ... ... 09
Turkey* . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... 02
Papua New Guinea ... ... ... ... 10
Turkmenistan ... ... ... ... ... 05
Pescadores Islands ... ... ... ... 08
Tuvalu . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... 12
Philippine Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . 08
Poland*† ... ... ... ... ... ... 01 Uganda . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... 03
Qatar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03 Ukraine* ... ... ... ... ... ... 02
Reunion ... ... ... ... ... ... 04 United Arab Emirates ... ... ... ... 04
Romania*† . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02 Uzbekistan ... ... ... ... ... ... 05
Russia 1
Vanuatu, Republic of . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Kaliningrad ... ... ... ... ... 03
Vietnam, Socialist Republic of . . . . . . 07
Moscow, St. Petersburg, Volgograd
Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Samara 04 Yemen ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 03
Ekaterinburg, Ufa, Perm, Novyy Port 06
Omsk, Novosibirsk, Tomsk ... ... 07 Zambia, Republic of . . . . . . . . . . . . 02
Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk, Dikson . . . . . . 08 Zimbabwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02
* Daylight-saving time may be kept in these places. † For Summer time dates see List II footnotes.
1 The boundaries between the zones are irregular; listed are chief towns in each zone.
h m h m
American Samoa . . . . . . ... ... ... 11 Canada (continued )
Argentina ... ... ... ... ... ... 03 Prince Edward Island* . . . ... ... 04
Austral (Tubuai) Islands 1 ... ... ... 10 Quebec, east of long. W. 63◦ ... ... 04
Azores*† ... ... ... ... ... ... 01 west of long. W. 63◦ * ... 05
Saskatchewan . . . . . . . . . ... ... 06
Bahamas* ... ... ... ... ... ... 05 Yukon* ... ... ... ... ... ... 08
Barbados ... ... ... ... ... ... 04 Cape Verde Islands ... ... ... ... 01
Belize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06 Cayman Islands . . . . . . . . . ... ... 05
Bermuda* ... ... ... ... ... ... 04 Chile* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 04
Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04 Colombia ... ... ... ... ... ... 05
Brazil Cook Islands ... ... ... ... ... 10
Fernando de Noronha I., Trindade I., Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 06
Oceanic Is. ... ... ... ... ... 02 Cuba* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 05
N and NE coastal states, Bahia, Curaçao Island . . . . . . . . . ... ... 04
Tocantins, Goiás*, Brasilia*,
Minas Gerais*, Espirito Santo*, Dominican Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . 04
S and E coastal states* . . . . . . . . . 03
Mato Grosso do Sul*, Mato Grosso*, Easter Island (I. de Pascua)* ... ... 06
Rondônia, Amazonas, Roraima, Acre 04 Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
British Antarctic Territory 2,3 ... ... 03 El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
Canada 3 ‡
Alberta* ... ... ... ... ... ... 07 Falkland Islands* ... ... ... ... 04
British Columbia* . . . . . . . . . ... 08 Fernando de Noronha Island . . . . . . 02
Labrador* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 04 French Guiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03
Manitoba* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 06
New Brunswick* ... ... ... ... 04 Galápagos Islands ... ... ... ... 06
Newfoundland* . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 03 30 Greenland
Nunavut* Danmarkshavn, Mesters Vig ... ... 00
east of long. W. 85◦ . . . . . . . . . ... 05 General* . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 03
long. W. 85◦ to W. 102◦ . . . . . . ... 06 Scoresby Sound* ... ... ... ... 01
west of long. W. 102◦ . . . . . . ... 07 Thule*, Pituffik* ... ... ... ... 04
Northwest Territories* ... ... ... 07 Grenada ... ... ... ... ... ... 04
Nova Scotia* ... ... ... ... ... 04 Guadeloupe . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 04
Ontario, east of long. W. 90◦ * . . . ... 05 Guatemala . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... 06
Ontario, west of long. W. 90◦ * ... 06 Guyana, Republic of . . . ... ... ... 04
* Daylight-saving time may be kept in these places. ‡ Dates for DST are given at the end of List III.
1 This is the legal standard time, but local mean time is generally used.
2 Stations may use UTC.
3 Some areas may keep another time zone.
h m h m
Haiti ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 05 United States of America ‡(continued )
Honduras ... ... ... ... ... ... 06 Idaho, southern part . . . . . . . . . . . . 07
northern part . . . . . . . . . . . . 08
Jamaica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05 Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
Johnston Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Indiana 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Juan Fernandez Islands* . . . . . . . . . 04 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
Kansas 2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 06
Leeward Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04 Kentucky, eastern part . . . . . . . . . 05
western part . . . . . . . . . 06
Marquesas Islands ... ... ... ... 09 30 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
Martinique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04 Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Mexico Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
General* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Sonora, Sinaloa*, Nayarit*, Michigan 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Chihuahua*, Southern District Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
of Lower California* ... ... ... 07 Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
Northern District of Lower California* 08 Missouri ... ... ... ... ... ... 06
Midway Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07
Nebraska, eastern part . . . . . . . . . 06
Nicaragua ... ... ... ... ... ... 06 western part . . . . . . . . . 07
Niue ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 11 Nevada ... ... ... ... ... ... 08
New Hampshire ... ... ... ... 05
Panama, Republic of ... ... ... ... 05 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Paraguay* . . . . . . ... ... ... ... 04 New Mexico ... ... ... ... ... 07
Peru ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 05 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Pitcairn Island ... ... ... ... ... 08 North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Puerto Rico . . . . . . ... ... ... ... 04 North Dakota, eastern part . . . . . . 06
western part . . . . . . 07
St. Pierre and Miquelon* ... ... ... 03 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Society Islands ... ... ... ... ... 10 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
South Georgia ... ... ... ... ... 02 Oregon 2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 08
Suriname ... ... ... ... ... ... 03 Pennsylvania ... ... ... ... ... 05
Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Trindade Island, South Atlantic ... 02 South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Trinidad and Tobago . . . . . . . . . ... 04 South Dakota, eastern part . . . . . . 06
Tuamotu Archipelago . . . . . . . . . ... 10 western part . . . . . . 07
Tubuai (Austral) Islands . . . . . . ... 10 Tennessee, eastern part . . . . . . . . . 05
Turks and Caicos Islands* . . . . . . ... 05 western part . . . . . . . . . 06
Texas 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
United States of America ‡
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07
Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
Vermont ... ... ... ... ... ... 05
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09
Virginia ... ... ... ... ... ... 05
Aleutian Islands, east of W. 169◦ 30 09
Washington D.C. ... ... ... ... 05
Aleutian Islands, west of W. 169◦ 30 10
Washington ... ... ... ... ... 08
Arizona 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07
West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07
Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07
Uruguay* ... ... ... ... ... ... 03
Connecticut ... ... ... ... ... 05
Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
Venezuela ... ... ... ... ... ... 04 30
District of Columbia ... ... ... 05
Virgin Islands ... ... ... ... ... 04
Florida 2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 05
Georgia ... ... ... ... ... ... 05
Windward Islands ... ... ... ... 04
Hawaii 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 10
0 00 00 00 00 00 00
10 04 04 04 04 05 05
20 07 08 08 09 09 10
30 11 12 12 13 14 15
40 14 16 17 18 19 20
50 18 19 21 22 24 25
60 22 23 25 27 28 30
70 25 27 29 31 33 35
80 29 31 33 36 38 40
90 32 35 38 40 42 45
100 36 39 42 44 47 50
110 40 43 46 49 52 55
120 43 47 50 53 57 60
130 47 51 54 58 61 65
140 51 54 58 62 66 70
150 54 58 62 67 71 75
160 58 62 67 71 76 80
170 61 66 71 76 80 85
180 65 70 75 80 85 90
*When negative, subtract correction if longitude
west, and add if east.
2012 September
R
N
T
M Z L M
V H K
S P
A B
B
F
Z C
D G I
W U T Q C
M H M
M† R E H
Z
M* C G I K
V* S A D
Q O B F G IK L
L M* W C L
M P Z H M
X A F*
W O C L
M* D M*
W U
TEX
S H I*
Q B K L*
M Z *
P K M
WORLD MAP OF TIME ZONES
M M
K
STANDARD TIME ZONES Q Standard Time = Universal Time – value from table M
Corrected to April 2012 O Universal Time = Standard Time + value from table
Zone boundaries are approximate h m h m h m h m h m h m h m
Daylight Saving Time (Summer Time), Z 0 D* – 4 30 G –7 L –11 N +1 Q* + 4 30 V + 9
A –1 E –5 H –8 L* –11 30 O +2 R +5 V* + 9 30
usually one hour in advance of Standard
B –2 E* – 5 30 I –9 M –12 P +3 S +6 W +10
Time, is kept in some places C –3 E† – 5 45 I* – 9 30 M –12 45 P* + 3 30 T + 7 X +11
Map outline © Mountain High Maps C* – 3 30 F –6 K –10 M* –13 Q +4 U +8 Y +12 §
Compiled by HM Nautical Almanac Office D –4 F* – 6 30 K* –10 30 M† –14 § No Standard Time legally adopted
P
180° 150°W 120°W 90°W 60°W 30°W 0° 30°E 60°E 90°E 120°E 150°E 180°
ukaa13
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20121001
The United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, Admiralty Way,
Taunton, Somerset, TA1 2DN, United Kingdom
Telephone +44 (0)1823 337900 Fax +44 (0)1823 284077
www.admiralty.co.uk
© Crown Copyright 2012