St Paul’s Sr. Sec.
School
Physics Project Work
Session 2024-25
Project file on-
Wheat stone bridge
(Partial fulfilment of Physics
practical examination conducted
by AISSCE)
Submitted by- Submitted to-
Krish Solanki Mrs
Vinu Sharma
Xii-Science (P.G.T. Physics)
Acknowledgement
I would like to take this opportunity to express my
gratitude to those who have been of great assistance in
finishing this project in due course of the stipulated
deadline. To begin with, I would like to thank Principal
Rev. Fr. Cantius Ligoury for his encouragement and for
providing us with all the required facilities for completing
my project.
I extend my heartfelt thanks to Mrs Vinu Sharma, our
Physics teacher, who guided us in successful completion
of this project. I take this opportunity to express my deep
sense of gratitude for her invaluable guidance, attitude
and immense motivation, which has sustained our efforts
at all stages of this project work.
I would also acknowledge my gratitude towards our
classmates for having been a source of inspiration and for
their patience in resolving what we couldn’t grasp
efficiently, I thank them in earnest for correcting us
where we erred and their recommendations. I thank,
them all for expanding our interest in the study that is
programming. At last, I would like to thank, our parents
for constantly pushing us and motivating us to do our
best
Submitted by-Krish Solanki
Certificate
This is to certify that Krish
Solanki, student of Class XII
SCIENCE, has successfully
completed the research on topic
“Wheatstone Bridge” under the
guidance of
Mrs Vinu Sharma during the
year
2024-2025.
In partial fulfilment of Physics
practical examination
conducted by AISSCE, NEW
DELHI.
Mrs Vinu External Fr. Cantius
Sharma Examiner Ligoury
(Internal
(Principal)
Examiner)
INDEX
No. Topic
1. Aim
2. Introduction
3. Working
4. Materials and
5. equipment
6. Theory
7. Procedure
8. Observation
9. Precaution
Bibliography
Aim
The Aim of this project is
to prepare a Mutual
Induction Model and
explain the working and
theories behind it.
Introduction
Q). What Is Mutual Induction?
Mutual Inductance between the
two coils is defined as the
property of the coil due to
which it opposes the change of
current in the other coil, or you
can say in the neighbouring
coil. When the current in the
neighbouring coil is changing,
the flux sets up in the coil and
because of this changing flux
emf is induced in the coil called
Mutually Induced emf and the
phenomenon is known as
Mutual Inductance.
In short flux through second
coil is directly proportional to
current flowing in first coil,
which is given by the following
expression:
Φ1=M21 I1 and Φ2= M12 I2
Where Φ1 and Φ2 is flux through
coil 1 and coil 2
respectively, I1 and I2 is current
in coil 1 and coil 2 respectively
and M12=M21=M is mutual
induction.
Working
Mutual inductance is the
phenomenon that occurs when
a voltage change in one coil
induces a voltage in another
nearby coil. This happens when
the magnetic field from one coil
links with the other coil, which
is caused by the current in one
coil. The strength of the
induced voltage depends on the
mutual inductance of the two
coils, which is measured in
Henrys. The mutual inductance
of a pair of coils also depends
on their separation and relative
orientation. Mutual Inductance
is the basic operating principle
of the transformer, motors,
generators, and any other
electrical component that
interacts with another magnetic
field. Then we can define
mutual induction as the current
flowing in one coil that induces
a voltage in an adjacent coil.
Material and
Equipment
1).
2).
3).
4).
5).
Theory
Principle of Electromagnetic Induction
states that the emf induced in a loop due
by a changing magnetic flux is equal to
the rate of change of the magnetic flux
threading the loop .When it comes to the
principle of electromagnetic induction, it
will enable the transformers, motors,
electric generators and other
rechargeable items such as wireless
communication devices or electric
toothbrushes to adopt the principle.
Apart from that, your rice cooker works
by using induction. Now let's learn how
induction cooktops are heated by using
induced current. Faraday's Law is the
equation that mathematically describes
electromagnetic induction. It states that
voltage (EMF) will be induced when there is
a change in the magnetic environment of a
coiled wire. Many ways were discovered by
Faraday for this to happen. For example:
by changing the magnetic field strength by
moving a magnet over a coil of wire or by
moving a coil of wire through a magnetic
field, etc.
EMF=−NΔ(BA)/Δt
Procedure
1). Make a rectangular base from
cardboard.
2). Plant four rods at each corner as
legs.
3). Now connect two leg rods on
different sides from another rod
(Head Rods).
4). Stick the spherical balls on the
centres of the strings.
5). Tie the strings to the Head rods,
so that the all the spherical balls are
in straight line.
6). Now pull one ball from end and
leave the ball on other end will start
moving.
7). Newton’s Cradle is ready and
working.
Observation
Here, we can now observe
that when we pull one of the
spherical body from one end
of the Cradle and leave after
it gains some height, when
it collides the momentum is
transferred from the first
body to second body than to
third and so on. When it
reaches the other end the
momentum is attained by
the last body and starts
moving in the direction of
momentum. This happens
for two bodies, three bodies
and moving on. Thus, proves
that “ENERGY CAN NEITHER
BE DESTROYED NOR
CREATED BUT CAN CHANGE
FORMS” and “THE LAW OF
CONSERVATION OF
MOMENTUM” as the
momentum is transferred
from first ball to last ball
and was not stopped at its
MEAN POSITION.
Precautions
1). All four leg rods should be of
equal size.
2). All bodies should be spherical.
3). All strings should be of equal
size.
4). Spherical bodies should be on
centre of the strings.
5). All Bodies should be in straight
line after hanging.
Bibliography
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