GATE Archite ctu re a nd Plann ing
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray GATE - Architecture& Planning
Planning Process
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Reg ional de line ation; Settleme nt
hierarchy; Types and h ierarchy of plans; Various schem es an d programs of central
governme nt; Trans it Oriented Developme nt (TOD), SEZ, SRZ etc.; Public Perception and
use r behaviour; National Hous ing Policies , Programs and Scheme s. ; Slums , Sq uatters
and informal hous ing ; Standards for hous ing and community facilities ; Hous ing for
spe cial areas and ne ed s. Syllabus
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Urban/ City Planning Technical and p
olitical proces s t hat is foc us ed on the d evelop ment and design of lan d use , the built e
nvironment, and the infrastructu re pas sing into and out of urban areas D eve lop ment of
open land ~ ^ P v ( ] o ] and the revitalization of existing p arts of the city , thereby
involvin g goal setting , data colle ction and ana lysis, forecasting , de sign, strateg ic th in
king , and pu blic cons ultation . It also involves planning of brownfield sites (use d previ
ously but is lying vacant or unus ed now ) . T his land cou ld have been contamin ated by in
dustrial waste or hazardous waste or mi ght have suspe cted oil contamination . A
contemporar y plannin g proce ss include s maste r plan, metropolitan area, policy
alternatives, strate gic p lans, comp re hensive p lans, neigh bourhood p lans, regu lator y
and incentive strateg ies, or historic pres er vation p lan s .
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Town Planning t Histor y(India)
Layout of cit y t Sthapatya Veda Street layouts t Smriti Shastra Architectural Pl an ni ng ,
const ructi on an d desig n t Vaa stu Shastra Soil Qua l i t y, water resources, pl ant i ng of t
rees an d groves t A rthashastra by Ch a na kya Trad i t i onal cit i es desig ned accordi ng to t
he princi pl es of sacred geomet r y t Va a stu Purush Mandal a Vastu Shastra t fi ve Sha pes
of Towns 1. Chandura t Sq ua re 2. A gatara t Rectan gl e 3. Vritta t Ci rcle 4. Kritta Vritta t El l
i pt i cal 5. Go la Vritta - Ful l Circle Four di st i nct t ypes of ha bi tat ion sett l ement s wit hi
n forti f i es cit i es 1. Janabhavanas t Commoners house 2. Ra jbhavanas t Pal aces an d Ma
nsi ons 3. Devabhavanas t Relig ious pl aces 4. Publi c Buil dings Manasara , Mayamata , a nd
Vi svakarma Prakara t empha si sed on t he architecture an d pl an ni ng of Janabhavanas .
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Hierarchyand types of Settlements 1.
Single B uildi ngs 2. Haml ets 3. Vi ll ages 4. Towns 5. Cities 6. Conurbatio ns The term co n u
r batio n was co ined by Patrick Geddes The popu l ati on is g reatest in t he conurbat i ons,
wit h wid e variet y of ser vi ces . Co nu r bation is a regio n com p rising of a n um be r of c iti
es, large towns an d u r ban a rea s, t hroug h popu l at i on growt h a nd physi cal expa nsi
on, have me rged to fo rm on e urban an d i ndust ri all y developed area . It is a result of u
rba n sp rawl or outgrowth . Types of Settlements ac co rding to shape : 1. Nucl eated t
grouped toget her 2 . Linear t developed al ong a l i ne 3 . Di spersed t bui l di ngs spread ap
art
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Ancient Town Planning Classification
in India 1. Da ndaka Streets are strai ght and cross eac h oth er at right angles at t he cent re
Vi l l ages ha s 4 gates on fo ur sides Vi l l age is rec tangula r/ square shape 2 t ransve rse
street at the extremities have single row of houses 2. Sar vato bhadra Applicabl e to large r
vil la ges and towns , which have to be const r ucted on square or rec tangula r sites . Temple
do minates t he vil l age The Town to be compl etely oc cupi ed by ho uses of va rio us desc ri
ptio ns an d inhabited by all cl asses of peopl e Exampl e : T ha njavor in Tami l Nad u ( Bri
ha deshwar templ e co mplex ) an d Srirangam lo cated in Ti ruc hirapal li
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Ancient Town Planning Classification
in India 3. Na ndyavarta Used for t h e co nstr ucti o n of to wns an d not vil l ages General ly
adopted fo r sites either ci rcular or square in sha pe, 3000 - 400 0 ho uses Stre et s run pa
rallel to t he c ent ral ad joi ning st reet s wit h t he temple of t he presiding deity in the c
enter of t he town Example : Madurai 4. Padmaka Th i s t ype of pl a n was pract i ced fo r b
uil ding of t he towns with fo rtre ss all aro und The pattern of t he pla n resem bles the petal
s of lo tus radiating o utwards fro m the c enter The city used to be practi cally an island s u r
ro un de d by water , havin g no scope for ex pa nsi on .
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Ancient Town Planning Classification
in India 5. Swastika Contempl ates per pen dic ula r streets di viding the si te into ce rtai n
rec tangula r plo ts The site may be of any shape A rampart wal l surro und s the to wn with
a mo at f i l l ed wit h water Two mai n streets c ro ss ea c h o t he r at the c enter , runn i ng
north to sout h an d west to east . 6. Prastara The site may be either sq uare or rec tangle ,
but not tria ngl e or circle The sites are set apart fo r the po o r, the middle c la ss, the ric h
an d the ver y ric h , t h e si zes of t he si tes i ncreasi ng acco rdi ng to the capaci t y of each
to purchase or bui l d upon Mai n roa ds m uc h wide r compare d to othe r patterns The
town may or may no t be surro unde d by fo rt Exampl e : Jai pur Jai pur Plan is al so ba sed
on ni ne squa re manda l a correspondin g to th e navgraha or ni ne pl anets
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Ancient Town Planning Classification
in India 7. Karmuka Sui tabl e fo r a pl ace whe re t he si te of the town is in t he fo r m of a
bow or semi - ci rcl e or paraboli c Most l y ap pl i ed to towns l ocated on t he seashore or
river banks The mai n streets of the to wn r u n f ro m no rth so ut h or ea st west and the c
ro s s streets run at rig ht an gles to them , di vidi ng t he whol e a rea i nto bl ocks Femal e
deit y templ e bui lt in any convenient pl ace . Exampl e : Shahjahanabad , Varanasi, Patna 8.
Chaturmukha A p pli cable to all to wns starti ng f rom the l argest town to t he smallest
town to th e smal lest vil l age The si te may be either s quare or rec tangula r having fo ur
fac es The town is laid o ut ea st to west lengthwise, wit h four main streets The temple of t
he deit y wil l be al ways at the c enter .
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray How toRemember? D and aka Sar
vatob h adra Nan d yavarta Padmaka Swastika Prastara Karmukh a Chaturmu kh a
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Indus Valley Civilization Settlements:
Harappa (Ravi Basin ) or Mohenjo daro (Ind us Basi n) in Pakistan Kal ib ang an , Lothal o
r Sarko tada , Dhol avira i nI ndi a Majo r Features: Excel l ent c lo sed drai nage system an
dwater supp l ysystem Pl anned layo ut wit h rect i l i near buildingsarranged on a grid pla
n Presence of undergro u n d drai ns for th estreets with manho les 2 forms i nt he pl an t
1. Citadelo r ac ro po li s (upper pa rt or pol i t i cal ,economy ri ch and VI P a rea). 2. No n
ci tadel (lower part, lower val ued resid enti al bui l di ng) Large bric k c ulverts const
ructed on t he out ski rt s of t he cit y to carr y exc ess water Dhol avira and Lothal (Guja
rat), th ese settlements were fo rtified , an dsect i ons wit hi nt he town were al so
separated by wal l s
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Sumerian Civilization and Egyptian
Civilization Settlement: Mesopotami a (Ba bylo nia , U ruk ) Key Features: Surround ed by
huge fo rtified wal ls Ma jor element s of pl an ni ng - st reet net work, canal s,c ity wal
ls,gates, pal ac es, temples, zi g gurats an dopen spa ces. Babyloni a a nd B orsi ppa us ed
rec tangula r cardinal grid pattern for roa d network Concept o f shadow netwo rk
Temples are at the heart o f the c ity Th e typi cal cit ydi vid ed space into residentia
l,mixed use, co mmerc ia l, and c ivi c spac es. Key Features: Towns general l y had abo
undar y wal lwitho nly o ne o r two entrances t hroug h t he wal l Houses were bui l t on t
he edge of t he Street s The streets were ver y narro w . Bui lt cana ls,dams anddug wells to
coll ect water. I mportant cit i es t A marna ( ak hetaten ), Maadi , Memphis, Thebes
EgyptianCivilization Su me rian Civilization
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray The Hippodamian Plan Key Features:
Hippo damus t Fat her of Ci t y Pla nni ng Ortho go nal Urban layo ut Neatlyarranged and
organised ci ty wit h l in edup wid e streets Publi c spac es cl ustered toget her i nt he c
enter o f the c ity Di visi o n of publi c , scared, and private la nd t example o f zo ning
Shrines, t heat res, agora, government bui l di ngs,market spa ce were al l close toget her i
nt he center of t he cit y Architect Dinoc rataes - la id out th ecity of Al exandria (Hell enic
plann in gand: architecture) Pi rae us: Ne ighbo urho o ds of around 2,400 m sq. bl ocks
were co nstruc ted where smal l gro ups o f 2 flo o r houses were bui l t Harbour town for
Athens Grid iro n pattern W ide streetsrunning paral lel The ago ra o f Pi rae us was named
Hippo damei a Ot her exampl esi nclu deCi t y of Olynt hus, Rhodes, Ci t yof Mi l et us,Jerusa l
em, Pella andOlynth us inMacedoni a, Hali carnassusin Caria, Apamea an dDu ra Europos i
nSyri a , Sel euci a i nBabylon i a , Acragas on Sici l y, Priene i nI oni a,La odi cea i nPh r ygi
a, Byll i s i nI l l yri a,an d Tax i la i nt he P un ja b, a nd Empori ae i nCata l on i a .
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray European City Planning t Rome,Paris
Key Features: Ro me Empl oyed regular o rtho go nal struc tures fo r col onies Cent ral
forum wit h cit yservi ces, surround ed by a co mpac t, rec til ineargrid o f streets . Lay out
the streetsatright angles, in the fo rm o f a square grid , eg :Ti mgad Each square marked by
four roa ds was cal led an insula Greek & Etruscan to wn pla ns were influentia l i n evolu
t i on of roman town pl an s Key Features: Paris Renovat i on of Pariswas done by Geo rges -
Eug ne Haussmann I tin cludedth e demoli tion of medieval neighbourhoo ds th atwere
deemed overcrowded an d un heal t hyby off i cia l sat t he ti me; t he bui l di ngof wid e
avenues; new pa rks an d squ ares; t he ann exat i onof t he subu rbs surround i ng Paris; an
dt he const ructi on of new sewers, fountai nsan daq ueduct s . It brought symmetr y tothe ci
ty Th e new st reet s were la ido ut in a grid running ea stto westno rth to south wit h di
agona l connecti ons rad i at i ng out . A ll mai nroads to pass maj or bui l di ngs an
dmonument s Ha ussmann engi neered anew und erground sewer system : sepa rat i on
of potabl ewater &waste.
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Squares in London, AmericanCity
Planning - Philadelphia Key Features : Squares, Londo n "Square" i sa generi c term for
neat , pla nnedor set asi de urban o pen spac es la rger than a verge o r pavement o verlo o
ked by buil dings . Also known as ci tysquares Some "squares" are i rregul arly sha ped
Examples are Trafal gar Square, Granny Square, Russell Square, v } P [ Kensingto n
Square, Leic ester Square, Parli ament Square Key features: Phil adelphia Central o pen
publi c square for f ut ure pub l i cbui l di ng Gridiro n streetpattern Street widths appro
priate to the street'sfunc tio ns A mple la nd fo r future develo pment Wi ll ia m penn and
thomas hol me are th epl anners for P hi la delphia Four pub l i cgreens i nad di t i onto cent
ral squa re t green co untr y to wn
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Baroque Planning Influence s Key
features: I nf l uence i nl ate 17 th and 18th c enturies Rebuil ding o f Londo n by Christo
pher Wren t incorporated dia gonal avenues and ci rcl es. The majo r axis, cro ss axis, and
squares o f W il li amsburg , Vi rginia reflec ted many renaissa nc e Euro pea n pla ns for cit
i esan d pa rks, desig nedfor di spl aying palacesan d pub l i cbui l di ng s } u ] v v o v ( v
[ design fo r the new federal c ity o f Washingto n DC and Detro it. Ma i nfeat ures of Wash i
ngton were worki ng on grand scal e, high po ints on presidentia l residenc e, ho use o f
Congress, interla c ed la ndscape wit h broad di agona l boulevard andcircles. - (City of
Mag ni ficentDi stances) Detro it al so i nco rpo rated Ba ro que radia l plan
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray GATE Previous Years Questions 1.
Typ e of village s hould be bu ilt on a b ank of river of a se aas pe r architecture of Manas
ara is [Gate 1998] a. Nan dyavarta b. Karmukha c. Swastika d. Prastara An s : B ] l [ ( o u
v ] v ] v } o v v ] v P ] ] o o a. A g rid iron p attern b. A radial pattern c. A ring radial
pattern d. An informal pattern An s : C
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray GATE Previous Years Questions 3. A
settleme nt pattern has a 4 x 4 matrixwith a cross like a p rincipal axisof ma in roads an d
four sm aller cros s like networks of a rterial road s , ope ning upto 4 gateways cardinally.
The pattern is called [G ate 200 3] a. Danda ka
b. Nan davartya c. Chaturmukha d. Sar vatobha dra An s : C 4. Trad itiona l Indian
settlementpatterns, bas ed on orthogonal grid are repres ented by: [Gate2008] a. Padm aka ,
Kurmaka and Swastika b. Manda la, Kurmaka and Ang ula c. Danda ka , Vidam baka and
Dhanu rmusti d. Sar vatabh adra , Prastara and Chaturmukha An s : D
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray GATE Previous Years Questions 5.
Danda ka form of settleme ntlayout is bas ically a [Gate
2011] a. Grid Iron p attern b. Ring radial pattern c. Radial pattern d. Informal pattern An s :
A 6 . Th e urban form of Srirangam town in Tamil Nad u refers to
[Gate2013] a. Danda ka b. Swastika c. Nadyavarta d. Sar votabh adra An s : D
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray GATE Previous Years Questions
(practice) 7. Match the street layouts of a ncient In dian settleme ntsin group - I with their
corres pond ing types in G rou p - II
[Gate 2016] a. P - 2, Q - 4, R - 3, S - 5 b. P - 2, Q - 3, R - 4, S - 5 c. P - 4, Q - 3, R - 5, S - 1 d. P - 4,
Q - 3, R - 2, S - 1 An s : B
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray GATE Previous Years Questions 8.
Plan s of Mohen joda ro an d me d ieval Ja ip u r are b as e d on :
[G ate 2008 ] a. Grid pattern a nd s e ctoral allocation of zoning b. Radial pattern and g rid
allocation of zoning c. Clustered pattern and se gregated allocation of zoning d. Centralized
pattern and compos ite allocation of zoning An s : A ^ _ ] v u o [Gate 1998] a. Gree k
Town b. Roman Town c. Sum erian Town d. Egyptian Town An s : B
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray City Layout Shapes Finger plan/: The
Finger Pl an i s an urban pl an f rom 1947 whi ch provid es a st rategy for t he
development of t he Copenhagen metro po li tan area , Denmark. Copenha gen i s to
develop al ong five 'fingers', centred on S - trai n co mmuter rai lli nes, which extend f rom
t he 'pa l m', thati st he dense urban fab ri c of cent ral Copenha gen. I n bet ween t he fi
ngers, green "wedges" are intended to pro vide la nd fo r agric ulture and rec reatio nal
purposes . Star Shaped: Star Sha ped pl an i s th e Renai ssan ce concept of an Idea l to wn
developed by Leon Battista A lberti He i nsi stedon choosing th e l ocat i onof t he town f i
rst , foll owed by setting up o f streets, then lo catio no f bridges and gates, andfi nal lya
bui ld in g patternrul ed by perfect symmet r y Exampl es:t he cit y of Sfo rzinda whi ch
was l ai dout wit hi nan eig ht - poi ntedstar i nscri bedwit hi na circula r moat . Other
examples are Briell e,Wi ll emstad, Heusden in Netherla nds; Pal manova in Paris; Al
meida in Po rtugal ; Terezi n in Czec h Republi c
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray City Layout Shapes Ga laxy Pla n: Thi
sstyl eof pl anni ngwas adopted in Aurovil le which ai msatbecomin g a model o f the 'c ity
o f the future' o r 'the c ity the ea rth needs'. Th e ci t y area ha s a radius o f 1. 25km Al l t he
areas i n t he cit y are within 5 - 6mins wal ki ngdistance f rom t he cent re ( C rown Road)
At t he centre stands the Matrimandir Z ^ Aurovi ll e _ o ( indivi dual sil entco nc entratio
n. Surro un din g the c ity area is a Green Be lt Ro ger Anger, the French arc hitec t lo o kedo
ver the c ity's physical develo pment. Pol y centred Net: I nt hi smodel , several key di st ri
ctscan coex i st whi l e al so fu ncti oni ng l i kea self - } v ] v ^ ] Z ] v ] X _ W ell - pla
nned transit infrastruc ture, ample publi c spac e, and mixed - use development s for work,
housi ng , and l eisure Examplesare Detroi t, Early London and New York Det roit was p l
an nedwit h aseri es of pla zas a nd wide bo ulevards radiating o utwards. Th e pla nni ng
was ba sed } v ( v o v ( } Z ] v P } v ^ } l } Z Z o _
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray City Layout Shapes Ra dia lPl an: Th e
Cit y grows i nt he pattern of ri ng s an drad i al s I nner an douter ri ng roads l i nkedby rad
i at i ng roads Core ha st he busi nessarea Peri pher y ha s green belt s Examples are Mosco
w, Washingto n DC, Paris, New Del hi, Bro ndby Haveby (Denmark) Grid Iro n Pl an: C ity pl
a ni nwh i ch st reet s run at ri g ht a ng l es to each oth er, forming a grid Ancient cit ypl
anni ngwere mostl yin grid i ron pattern li ke Indus Val ley,City o f Miletus Regul ar pl ot si
zes Max i mizest he use of l an d Do not affect st reet f requency Exampl esare Chandigarh,
Be iji ng , Ga ndhinagar , To ro nto, Al exandria, Islamabad, Dubai
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray City Layout Shapes Linear City: The li
nea r ci ty i s an elongated urban format i on. General l y , t he cit y woul d run paral lel to
a river, sea o r bounded by mountai ns or geographical boundaries Th e l i near ci t y
design was f i rst developed by A rturo So ria y Mata in Madrid, Spain Examples are Navi
Mumba i, Ma drid, Ea rly Jo hannesburg and Preto ria,So uth A frica
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray 1. Two na mes as sociated with the p
lann ing of Paris and Philade lph ia are res pe ctively : [Gate 2008] (A) Ge orges - Eu gen
e Haus man n and William Pen n (B) Patrick Ge dd es s and Louis Wirth (C) Albert Perry
an d Oswald Spang ler (D) Le Corbus ier and John Fried man Ans : A 2. Z v P o } v o v v ] ]
o o } in [Gate 2014] (A) Can be rra (B) Paris (C) Cope nh agen (D)
Tokyo Ans : C GATE Previous Years Questions
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray 3 . Match the architect - p lann ers
in Group l with their contribu tions in Group li . [Gate 2007] Group 1 P. Hippodamu
s Q. Miche langelo R . Le on Battista Alberti S. Dan iel Bu rnham Group II 1 . City Be autiful
2. Star - sh ape d p lan 3. G rid iron p lan 4. Campidoglio 5. St. Peter's Squ are (A) P - 3, Q - 4,
R - 2, S - 1 ('C) P - 4, Q - 1, R - 5, S - 3 (8) P - 3. Q - 5, R - 2, S - 4 (D) P - 3, Q - 2, R - l, S - 5
Ans : A GATE Previous Years Questions
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray 4 . Match t he cities i n Group Iwith
their form in Group II G ate 201 0 Group I P. Detroit Q . Cop en hagen R . Staling rad S.
San Francisco Group II 1. Star Form 2. Poly centred Net 3. Linear City 4. Ring form S. Ga
laxy (A) P - 1. Q - 4,R - 3,S - 2 (C) P - 5, Q - 1, R - 2,S - 3 ( B) P - 2 , Q - 1, R - 3, S - 4 ( D) P -
4 , Q - 3, R - 1, S - 5 Ans : B GATE Previous Years Questions
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray 4 . Match the u rban forms listed in
Group I with the towns listed in Group II Group I G roup II P. G rid Iron
1 .New Delhi Q. Radial 2 . Was hington D.C. R . Linea r 3 . Cop en hagen S.
Finger plan 4. Mumbai 5 . Ca nb erra (A) P - 2, Q - 1, R - 4, S - 3 (B) P - 3, Q - 1, R
- 2, 8 - 5 (C) P - 3, Q - 1, R - 4, S - 2 ( D) P - 2, Q - 1, R - 4, S - 5 Ans : A GATE Previous Years
Questions
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray City Beautiful Movement, Garden
City Movement Key features: City Bea utiful Movement Fredric k Law Olmsted and Da niel
Burnham catal ysedt he Ci t yBeau t i f ul Movement Revival of c ivi c design and grand pla
nning Th e f i rst l arge - scal e ela borat i on i n Chicago Th e ex posi t i on di spl ayed
amodel c ity o f grand scal e , known as t he "white c ity", wit h modern t ran sport systems
an d no povert y visi bl e. Early useof th e citybeauti fu lid eal was th e McMill anPla n
Exampl es: Washingto n D.C., Chicago, Ba lti more, Clevela nd, Columbus Key features:
Ebenezer Ho ward i ni t i atedt he ga rden cit y movement He pub l i shedt he book Ga rden
c ity o f To morro w The garden cit ymovement isa meth od of urban pl anni ng in whi ch
self - co ntai ned co mmuniti es are surro un ded by "greenbelts", co ntai ning pro po
rtionate area so f residenc es, industr y, and agric ulture . It woul d be located on a 6,000 -
ac re la nd currently used fo r agriculture purposes only for 32000 population wit h six radi
al boul evards ex tendi ng f rom t he cent re
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Garden City - 3magnets Key features:
O verc ro wding and co ngestio n in Industrial Revo lutio n due to unco ntro ll ed gro wth,
thus initiatedthe need fo r Ga rden Cities. The three mag nets - th e town mag net, th e
count r y magn et an d t he th i rd withattrac tive features o f bo th to wn and co untr y li fe.
Th e t hi rd one na med to be a Ga rden Ci t y S elf suffic ient, affo rdable and co nnec ted to
a central ci ty li nked by roa d or rai l . Exampl es: Letc hwo rth, Welw yn, Hertfo rdshire, A
dela ide A ustral ia Satellite Town Key features: Th e Ga rden City Model wasmutated into
satell iteo r new to wns in many Stoc khol m countries, eg . Sweden, UK or Hongkong S mal
l er met ropol i tan areas whi ch are lo catedsomewhat nea r to, but are mostly
independent o f, la rger metro po li tan area s Th e satell i tetown provid es best sol utio n
to the urbanizatio n pro blems li ke urban sprawl I n Austral ia , Go ld Coa st in
Queensland isa satelli tecity of Brisba ne, Woll ongong an d Go sfo rd i sa satell i tecit y of
Sydney. I nUK Wy thenshawe and Be co ntree. I n I ndi a,t here are many satell i tetowns
near major cit i es li ke Thane, Panvel , Sal tLake City, Ghazi abad, Navi Mumbai , and Hitec
h City, etc
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Neighbourhood Plan Key features:
Neighbourhood Uni t Concept was developed by Cla rence A . Perr y Creat i on of a
resident i al neig hbou rhood to meet the needs o f fami ly l ifein a unit related to the la rger
who le but possessin g a d i st i nct i dent i t ycharacteri sed by si x factors : 1. A c hil d
need no t c ro ss traffic streets on t he way to school. 2. A c entral ly lo cated elementar
yschool which wil lbe wit hi neasy wal kin g di stan ce, no more than o ne and ahal f mil e
f rom t he farth est dwell i ng . 3. A ho usewife can wal kto asho pping c entre to obtai n
da i l y househol d goods. 4. Convenient transpo rtatio n to an df rom t he workpl ace. 5.
Scattered neig hbou rhood parks and playgro unds to co mprise about 10% o f the whol e
area . 6. A resident i al environment wit h ha rmonious architecture , caref ul pl ant i ng , c
entral ly l o cated co mmunity buil dings , an d special i nterna l st reet system wit h def l
ect i on of al l t hroug h t raff i c preferab l y on t horoug hfares whi ch bound an d clearly
set off neig hbou rhood.
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray Radburn Town Key features: I
nNorth America, the Garden ci tymovement wasevol ved ] v } ] P Z } Z } } } } o } u v . I
nresponse Ra dburn , New Jersey was d eveloped wit h ori ented houses towards t he
common pub l i cpat hi nstead of t he st reet . Radburn was foun ded in 1929 as " a town
for the motor age " I t spl an ners were Clarence Stein and He nr y Wright, a nd its la
ndscape arc hitec t Marjori e Sewell Cautley Radb urn i nt rod uced th e l a rgely residentia
l"superblo c k" and iscredited with incorporating culs - de - sac Ribbon Development Key
features: Ribb on development i s bui l di ng ho uses al o ng the ro utes o f co mmunicatio
ns radiating fro m ahuman settlement Ribbon development can al so be compared with a li
near vil la ge F irst ribbo ns are fo c used o n ro ads F i rst probl ems not i ced by resident s
i s traffic co ngestio n, as peopl e compete to move al ong th e narrow urban corri dor Foll
owin g the I ndu st ri al Revolu t i on, ri bbon development became preval ent al ong rai
lway li nes:predominantly in Russia, the United Ki ngdo m, and the United States. A good
exampl eof t hi s was t he deli berate promot i on of Metro - la nd al o ng Londo n's Metro po
li tan Ra il way Other examples incl ude Long Isla nd, Bo sto n
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray 1. Wy thensh awe an d Be contree are
examplesof (A) Factor y Town (B) Satellite Town (C) Ga rde n City (D) Vertical Neigh
borhood Ans : B 2. Match the Plann ing Concepts in Group t I with their Corres pond ing
Propone nts in Group t II Group - I G roup - II P Broada cre city 1 Le Corbus
ier Q Radiant city 2 F.L. Wright R In du strial town 3 Robe rt Owen S Arcosanti 4 Henr y
Wright 5 Paolo Soleri (A) P t 1 , Q t 4 , R t 3 , S t 5 (B) P t 1 , Q t 3 , R t 5 , S t 2 (B)
(C ) P t 2 , Q t 1 , R t 3 , S t 5 ( D) P t 2 , Q t 1 , R t 5 , S t 4 Ans C GATE Previous Years
Questions
GATE & Ot her Competit ive Exam Ar. N an d in i Ray 1. Wy the n s h awe a n d B e contre e
a re exam p le s of (A) Factor y Town (B) Sate llite Town (C) Ga rde n City (D) Vertical
Neighborhood Ans : B 2. Town o v v ( Z ( } (A) Toronto, Ontario (B) Nass an Shores ,
Long Island (C) Rad b u rn , New Jersey (D) Gree n Be lt, Mar yland Ans : C 3. ] } P ]o
ov P P v ] v Z v [ } v ] (A) 1:20 (B) 1:15 (C) 1:10 (D) 1:5 Ans : D GATE
Previous Years Questions
