V.S.

B ENGINEERING COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK SUBJECT: DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES

SEM / YEAR : VI/III
PART-B,C
UNIT I - INTRODUCTION
PART-B
1. (i)A stator of machine has a smooth surface, but its rotor has open type of slots with slot width (7)
equal to tooth width=12mm. and the length of air gap=2mm. Find the effective length of airgap,
if its Carter’s coefficient=1/(1+5(lg+Ws))
(ii) Calculate the apparent flux density at a particular section of tooth from the following data:
Tooth width=12mm, slot width=10mm,gross core length=0.32m, no. of ventilating ducts=4 (6)
with each 10mm, real flux density=2.2wb/m 2. Permeability of teeth corresponding to real flux
density=31.4*10-6 H/m. Stacking factor=0.9
2. (i) State and explain the advantages of hydrogen cooling as applied to turbo alternator. (6)

(ii) Calculate the mmf required for the airgap of a machine having core length 0.32m including
4 ducts of 10mm each. Pole arc=0.19m, slot pitch=65.4mm, slot opening=5 mm, airgap
(7)
length=5mm, flux per pole=52mwb. Given carter’s coefficient is
0.18 for opening/gap=1 and is 0.28 opening per gap=2.
3. Explain the methods by which mmf for teeth are calculated. (13)
4. (i) Calculate the apparent flux density at a section of the teeth of an armature of a dc machine (7)
from the following data at that section. Slot pitch=24mm, slot width=tooth width=12mm,
length of armature core including 5 ducts of 10mm each=0.38m, iron stacking factor=0.92.
True flux density in the teeth at that section is 2.2T for which the mmf is 70,000 AT/m.
(ii) Determine the airgap length of a dc machine from the following data: gross core
length=0.12m,no.of ducts=1 of 10mm width, slot pitch =25mm, Carter’s coefficient for slots
and ducts=0.32, gap density at pole centre=0.7T. Field mmf per pole=3900AT, mmf require for (6)
iron parts of magnetic circuit=800AT.

5. (i) List the various limitations in design and explain them in detail. (7)

(ii) Explain the modern trends in electrical machine design.

(6)
6. Briefly explain about electrical engineering materials (13)
7. A field coil has a cross section of 120*50 mm2 and its length of (13)
mean turn is 0.8 m. Estimate the hot spot temperature above that of the coil and calculate the
final steady temperature rise of the coil surface if the total loss in the coil is 150W
continuously. Its cooling surface is 0.125 m2. Assume space factor=0.56, thermal resistivity of
insulating material=8Ωm

8. Explain about ratings of machines. (13)

9. A field coil has a heat dissipating surface of 0.15m2 and a length of (13)
2-o
mean turn of 1m. It dissipates loss of 150w, the emissivity being 34w/m C. Estimate the final
steady temperature rise of the coil and its time constant if the cross section of the coil is
100*50mm2. Specific heat of copper is 390 J/Kg-oC. The space factor is 0.56. copper weighs
8900 Kg/m3.
10. i) Describe the classification of insulating materials used for electrical machines. (6)
o
ii) The temperature rise of a transformer is 25 C after one hour and
37.5o C after 2 hours of starting from cold conditions. Calculate its final steady temperature rise
and the heating time constant. If its temperature falls from the final steady value to 40 o C in 1.5 (7)
 hours when disconnected, calculate its cooling time constant. The ambient temperature is 30o C.
11. (i) A 350 kW, 500 V,450 rpm, 6 pole DC generator is built with an armature diameter of 0.87m (6)
and core length of 0.32 m, the lap wound armature has 660 conductors. Calculate the specific
electric and magnetic loading.
(ii)A 20 HP, 440 V, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase induction motor is built with a stator bore of 0.25m
and core length of 0.16m. The specific electric loading is 23000 ampere conductors per meter.
Calculate the specific magnetic loading of the machine. Assume full load efficiency of 84% (7)
and a power factor of 0.82.
12. State and explain the main factors which influence the choice of specific magnetic loading and (13)
specific electric loading in the design of rotating machines.
13. i) Describe the methods of measurement of temperature rise in various parts of an electrical (7)
machine .
(6)
ii) Discuss the advantages of hydrogen cooling.
14. What are the main groups of electrical conducting materials? Explain the properties and (13)
applications of those materials.
PART-C
Describe any two methods used for determination of motor rating for variable load drives. (13)

The exciting coil of an electromagnet has a cross section of 120x50 mm 2 and a length of mean (13)
turn 0.8m. It dissipates 150W continuously. Its cooling surface is 0.125m 2 and specific heat
dissipation is 30W/m2-0C. Calculate the final steady temperature of the coil surface. Also
calculate the hot spot temperature rise of the coil if the thermal resistivity of insulating material
used is 8Ωm. The space factor is 0.56.
Derive the equation of temperature rise of a machine when it is run under steady load conditions (13)
starting form load conditions.
Determine the apparent flux density in the teeth of a dc machine when the real flux density is (13)
2.15Wb/ m2, slot pitch 28 mm, slot width 10mm and gross core length 0.35m. The number of
ventilating ducts is 4, each 10mm wide. The magnetizing force for a flux density of 2.15 Wb/
m2 is 55000 A/m. The iron stacking factor is 0.9.
UNIT II - DC MACHINES
PART-B
1. Find the main dimensions and the no. of poles of a 37kW, 230V, 1400 rpm shunt motor, so that (13)
a square pole face is obtained. The average gap density is 0.5 wb/m 2 and the ampere conductors
per
meter are 22,000. The ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.7 and the full load efficiency is 90%
2. (i) Derive the ouput equation of a dc machine and point out the salient features. (7)

(ii) State and explain the factors which govern the choice of specific magnetic loading in a dc
machine.
(6)
3. Estimate the main dimensions of .a 200 kW, 250 volts, 6 pole, 1000, rpm DC generator. The (13)
maximum value of flux density in the air gap is 0.87 wb/m2 and the ampere conductors per
metre length of armature periphery are 31000; The ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.67 and the
efficiency is 91 percent. Assume that the ratio of length of core to pole pitch = 0.75.
4. For a preliminary design of a 50HP, 230V, 1400 rpm, dc shunt motor. Calculate the armature (13)
diameter and core length, the no. of poles and peripheral speed. Take Bav=0.5 wb/sq.m,.
ac/m=25,000, efficiency=0.9.
5. (i) Derive the relation between real and apparent flux densities in dc machine. (7)

(ii) Identify the main dimensions of the machine for a 500 kV, 4 pole, 1500 rpm shunt
generator is designed to have a square pole face. The loadings are: average flux density in the
(6)
gap=0.42Wb/m2 and ampere conductors per meter=15000. Assume full load efficiency 0.87
and ratio of pole arc to pole pitch=0.66.
6. Design the diameter and length of armature core for a 55 kW, 110 V,1000 rpm, 4 pole shunt (13)
generator, assuming specific electric and magnetic loadings of 26000 amp. cond./m and
0.5Wb/m2 respectively. The pole arc should be about 70% of pole pitch and length of core
about 1.1 times the pole arc. Allow 10 ampere for the field current and assume a voltage of 4V
for the armature circuit. Specify the winding used and also determine suitable values for the
 number of armature conductors and number of slots.
7. (i) Derive the output equation of dc machine (6)
(ii) Determine the mmf required for the air-gap of a dc machine having open slots, given the
following particulars: slot pitch=4.3cm; slot opening=2.1cm, Gross length of core=48cm, pole
arc=18cm, air-gap length=0.6cm, flux per pole=0.056 Wb. There are 8 ventilation ducts each
1.2cm wide
(7)

The above data may be used for ducts also

8. Identify the main dimensions, number of poles and the length of air-gap of a 1000 kW, 500V, (13)
300rpm dc generator. Assume average gap density as 0.7 Wb/m 2 and ampere conductors per
meter as 40000. The pole arc to pole pitch ratio is 0.7 and the efficiency is 92%. The mmf
required for air gap is 55% of armature mmf and gap contraction factor is 1.15. The following
are the design constraints: peripheral speed should not exceed 30m/s, frequency of flux
reversals should not exceed 50Hz, current per brush arm should not exceed 400 A, and
armature mmf per pole should not exceed 10000 AT
9. Explain the various steps involved in design of commutator and brushes of dc machine (13)
10. Identify the diameter and length of armature for a 7.5kW, 4 pole, 1000rpm, 220V shunt motor. (13)
Given: full load efficiency=0.83; Maximum gap flux density=0.9 Wb/m 2; specific electric
loading=30000 ampere conductors per meter; field form facto=0.7. Assume that the maximum
efficiency occurs at full load and the field current is 2.5% of rated current. The pole face is
square.
11. (i)A 5 KW, 250 volts and 4 pole, 1500 rpm d.c. shunt generator is designed to have a square (7)
pole face. The average magnetic flux density in the air gap is 0.42 wb/m2 and ampere
conductors per metre = 15000. Compute the main dimensions of the machine. Assume full load
efficiency = 87%. The ratio of pole arc to pole pitch = 0.66.
(ii) Determine the air gap length of the DC machine from the following particulars: gross length
of the core =0.12, number of Ducts = one and 10mm wide, slot pitch=25mm, slot width
=10mm, carter’s coefficient for slots and ducts =0.32, gap density at pole center =0.7Wb/m 2; (6)
field mmf/pole =3900AT, mmf required for
iron parts of magnetic circuit =800AT.
12. Explain the procedure for the selection of number of poles in the machine. (13)
13. Design the suitable dimensions of armature core of a d.c. generator which is rated 50 kW. P = (13)
4, N = 600 rpm. Full load terminal voltage is 220 volts. Maximum gap flux density is 0.83 Wb/
m2 and specific electric loading is 30,000. Ampere conductors/metre. Full load armature voltage
drop is 3 percent of rated terminal voltage. Field current is 1 percent of full load current Ratio
of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.67 pole face is a square.
14. (i)A 4 pole 50 HP de shunt motor operates with rated voltages of 480 volts at rated speed of (7)
rpm. It has wave wound armature with 770 conductors. The leakage factor of the poles is 1.2.
The poles are of circular cross section. The flux density in the poles is 1.5 Wb/ m2. Compute
diameter of each pole.
(ii) Explain the various steps involved in design of shunt field winding of DC Machine.
(6)
PART-C
1. A 15 kW,230 V,4 pole dc machine has armature diameter=0.25m, armature core
length=0.125m, length of airgap at pole centre=2.5mm, flux/pole=11.7x10-3Wb, ratio of pole
arc/pole pitch=0.66. Calculate the mmf required for airgap (i)if the armature surface is treated
as smooth (ii) if the armature is slotted and the gap contraction factor is 1.18. (16)
2. Calculate the mmf required for the airgap of a machine having core length=0.32m, including 4
ducts of 10mm each, pole arc=0.19m, slot pitch=65.4mm,slot opening=5mm, airgap
length=5mm, flux/pole=52mWb, given carter’s coefficient is 0.18 for opening/gap=1 and is (16)
0.28 for opening/gap=2
3. Estimate the effective gap area per pole of a 10 pole, slip ring induction motor with following (16)
data: stator bore=0.65m, core length =0.25m, number of stator slots=90, stator slot
 opening=3mm, rotor slots=120, rotor slot opening=3 mm, airgap length=0.95mm, carter’s
coefficient for ducts=0.68, carter’s coefficient for slots=0.46, number of ventilating ducts=3
each on rotor and stator, width of each ventilating duct=10mm.
4. Determine the main dimensions, number of poles and length of airgap of a 600kW,500V,900 (16)
rpm generator. Assume average gap density as 0.6Wb/m2 and ampere conductors/m as 35000.
The ratio of pole arc/pole pitch is 0.75 and the efficiency is 91%. The following are the design
constraints: Peripheral speed ≯ 40 m/s, frequency of flux reversals ≯ 50Hz, current/brush arm
≯400A and armature mmf/pole ≯7500A. The mmf required for airgap is 50% of armature
mmf and gap contraction factor is 1.15.
UNIT III - TRANSFORMERS
PART-B
1. Estimate the main dimensions including winding conductor area of a 3-phase delta-star core (13)
type transformer rated at 300 kVA, 6600/440V, 50 Hz. A suitable core with 3-steps having a
circumscribing circle of 0.25m diameter and leg spacing of 0.4m is available. Emf per turn 8.5
V, current density=2.5A/mm sq, Kw=0.28, stacking factor Sf=0.9.
2. The tank of 1250kVA natural oil cooled transformer has the dimensions length, width and (13)
height as 0.65*1.55*1.85 m respectively. The load loss=13.1kW, loss dissipation due to
radiations 6W/m.sq-0 C, improvement in convection due to provision of tubes=40%,
temperature rise is 40oC, length of each tube is 1m, diameter of each tube is 50mm. Find the
number of tubes for this transformer. Neglect the top and bottom surface of the tank as regards
the cooling.
3. (i) Derive the output equation of 3-phase transformer. (7)

(ii) State and explain the different methods of cooling the transformer. (6)
4. A 250kVA, 6600/400V, 3-phase core type transformer has a total loss of 4800V on full load. (13)
The transformer tank is 1.25m in height and 1m*0.5m in plan. Design a suitable scheme for
cooling tubes if the average temperature rise is to be limited to 35oC. The diameter of the tube
is 50mm and are spaced 75mm from each other. The average height of the tube is 1.05m.
5. Describe the methods of cooling of transformers. (13)
6. A single-phase 400V, 50Hz transformer is built from stampings having a relative permeability (13)
of 1000. The length of the flux path is 2.5*10-3 m2 and the primary winding has 800 turns.
Estimate the maximum flux and no load current of the transformer. The iron loss at the working
flux density is 2.6 W/Kg. Iron weighs 7.8*1000 Kg/m3. Stacking factor is 0.9
7. Derive the output equation of single-phase and three phase (13)
transformer.
8. Explain the step by step procedure for the design of core, shell type transformer, windings and (13)
yoke.
9. Identify the full load MMF for the ratio of flux in weber to full load mmf in a 400 kVA,50 Hz, (13)
single-phase, core type transformer is 2.4*10-6. Also identify alculate the net iron area and
window area of the transformer. Assume maximum flux density 2.7 A/mm 2 and window area
constant 0.26.
10 Identify overall dimensions for a three phase,250 kVA,6600/440 V, 50 Hz core type (13)
. transformer with the following data. Emf/turn
=11.5 V, maximum flux density =1.75 wb/m 2 current density =2.5 A/mm2 window space factor
= 0.32 stacking factor = 0.94 overall height= overall width, a 3 stepped core is used, width of
the largest stamping = 0.9 d and the net iron area = 0.6 d 2 where d is the diameter of
circumscribing circle.
11. Calculate the core and window areas required for a 100 kVA 6600/400V 50 Hz single phase (13)
core type transformer. Assume a maximum flux density 1.25 wb/m 2 and a current density of 2.5
A/mm2 voltages per turn is 30, window space factor is 0.32.
12. Calculate the main dimensions and winding details of a 100 kVA 2000/400 V 50 Hz single (13)
phase shell type, oil immersed, self cooled transformer. Assume voltage per turn 10 V, flux
density in core 1.1 wb/m2, current density 2 A/mm2, window space factor
0.33. The ratio of window height to window width and ratio of core depth to width of central
limb = 2.5, the stacking factor is 0.9.
13. Estimate the main dimensions including winding conductor area of a three-phase delta-star core (13)
 type transformer rated at 300 kVA,6600/440V 50 Hz. A suitable core with 3 steps having a
circumscribing circle of 0.25 m diameter and leg spacing of 0.4m is available. Emf/turn=8.5 V,
ᵟ=2.5 A/mm2, Kw= 0.28,Ki=0.9.
14. A 3 phase, 50Hz, oil cooled core type transformer has the following dimensions: Distance (13)
between core centers=0.2m , height of window =0.24m, Diameter circumscribing Circle
=0.14m. The flux density in the core =1.25Wb/m2, the current density in the conductor =2.5
A/mm2. Assume a window space factor of 0.2 and the core area factor =0.56. The core is two
stepped. Estimate KVA rating of the transformer.
PART-C
1. Determine the dimensions of core and yoke for a 200kVA, 50 Hz, single phase core type (16)
transformer. A cruciform core is used with distance between adjacent limbs=1.6times the width
of core laminations. Assume voltage/turn=14V, maximum flux density=1.1Wb/m 2, window
space factor=0.32, current density=3A/mm2 and the stacking factor=0.9. The net iron area is
0.56d2 in a cruciform core where d is the diameter of circumscribing circle. Also the width of
largest stamping is 0.85d.
2. Calculate the approximate overall dimensions for a 200 kVA, 6600/440V,50Hz, 3 phase core (16)
type transformer. The following data may be assumed: emf/turn=10V, maximum flux
density=1.3 Wb/m2, current density=2.5A/mm2, window space factor=0.3, overall
height=overall width, stacking factor=0.9. Use a 3 stepped core. For a 3 stepped core width of
largest stamping=0.9d and net iron area=0.6d2 where d is the diameter of circumscribing circle.
3. A 1000kVA, 6600/440V,50Hz, 3 phase delta/star, core type oil immersed natural cooled (16)
transformer. The design data of the transformer is: distance between adjacent links=0.47m,
outer diameter of HV winding=0.44m, height of frame=1.24m, core loss=3.7kW and I2R loss=
10.5kW. Design a suitable tank for the transformer. The average temperature rise of oil should
not exceed 350C. The specific heat dissipation from the tank walls is 6W/m2- oC and 6.5W/m2-
o
C due to radiation and convection respectively. Assume that the convection is improved by
35% due to provision of tubes.
4. Determine the main dimensions of the core of a 5kVA, 11000/400V, 50Hz, 1 phase core type (16)
distribution transformer. The net conductor area in the window is 0.6 times the net cross section
area of iron in the core. The core is of square cross section, maximum flux density is 1Wb/m2.
Current density is 1.4A/mm2. Window space factor is 0.2. Height of the window is 3 times its
width.
UNIT IV - INDUCTION MOTORS
PART – B
1. Determine the main dimensions, number of radial ventilating ducts, number of stator slots and (13)
number of turns/ phase of a 3.7kW, 3 phase, 4 pole, 50Hz, squi.cage IM. Average flux
density=0.45Wb/m2 ac=23000 amp.cond/m, full load efficiency=0.85, pf=0.84, winding
factor=0.955, stacking factor=0.9.
2. Calculate the magnetising current of a 450V, 4 pole, 3-phase, 50Hz, induction motor having the (13)
following data. No. of slots=36, No. of stator conductors/ slot=30, stator core diameter=13com,
axial length of stator=13cm, effective airgap length=0.1cm, winding is full pitched, phase
spread angle is 60o, gap contraction factor=1, assume that the iron loss has infinite permeability.
3. Determine the approximate diameter and length of stator core, the no. of stator slots and the no. (13)
of stator conductors for a 11kW, 400V, 3-phase, 4 pole, 1425rpm, delta connected IM.
Bav=0.45wb/sq.m, ac=23000 amp.cond/m, full load efficiency=0.85, pf=0.88, pole arc to pole
pitch is 1. The stator
employs a double layer winding.
4. Design a cage rotor for a 40HP, 3-phase, 400V, 50Hz, 6 pole delta connected IM having a full (13)
load efficiency of 87% and a full load pf of 0.85. Take D=33cm and L=17cm. stator slots=54,
conductors/slot=14. Assume suitably the missing data of any.
5. Identify the main dimension, air gap length, stator slots, slots/ phase and cross sectional area of (13)
stator and rotor conductors for three phase, 15HP, 400V, 6 pole, 50Hz, 975 rpm induction
motor. The motor is suitable for star – delta starting. Bav = 0.45 wb/m2. ac = 20000 AC/m.L / τ
= 0.85. η = 0.9 , P.F = 0.85.
6. A 15 kW, three phase, 6 pole, 50 Hz, squirrel cage induction motor has the following data, (13)
 stator bore dia = 0.32m, axial length of stator core = 0.125 m, number of stator slots = 54,
number of conductor / stator slot = 24, current in each stator conductor =17.5 A, full load P.F =
0.85 lag. Evaluate number of rotor slots section of each bar and section of each ring for a
suitable cage rotor. The full speed is to be 950 rpm, use copper for rotor bar and end ring
conductor. Resistivity of copper is 0.02 Ωm.
7. A 90 kW, 500V, 50 Hz, three phase, 8 pole induction motor has a star connected stator winding (13)
accommodated is 63 slots with a 6 conductors / slot. If slip ring voltage, an open circuit is to be
about 400V at no load find suitable rotor winding. Identify number of rotor slots, number
conductors / slot, coil span, number of slots per pole. P.F = 0.9 and the efficiency is 0.85.
8. Identify the approximate diameter and length of stator core, the number of stator slots and the (13)
number of conductors for a 20 kW, 400V, 3 phase, 4pole, 1200rpm, delta connected induction
motor. Bav =0.5T, η = 0.82, ac = 26,000 amp.cond /m, power factor = 0.8, L/τ = 1, double
layer stator winding.
9. Estimate the main dimensions, air-gap length, stator slots, stator turns per phase and cross (13)
sectional area of stator and rotor conductors for 3 phase, 110 kW, 3300V, 50 Hz, 10 poles, 600
rpm, Y connected induction motor, Bav = 0.48 Wb/m2, ac = 28,000 amp.cond/m, L/τ = 1.25, η
= 0.9, power factor = 0.86.
10. Design a cage rotor for a 18.8HP, 3phase, 440V, 50Hz, 1000rpm, induction motor having full (13)
load efficiency of 0.86, power factor =
0.86, D=0.25m, L=0.14m, Zss/Ss= 54. Assume missing data if any.
11. (i) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of having small airgap of a 3 phase IM. (6)

(ii) Find the main dimensions of a 15kW, 3phase,400V, 50Hz, 2810rpm, sq. Cage induction
motor having an efficiency of 88% and full load PF=0.9. Assume specific magnetic
(7)
loading=0.5T, specific electrical loading=25000A/m. The rotor peripheral speed should be
approximately 20m/s at synchronous speed.
12. (i) Derive the expression for output equation of induction motor. (5)
(ii) Choice of specific electric and magnetic loadings in an induction motor.
(iii) Find the values of diameter and length of stator core of a. 7.5 kW. 220 V, 50 Hz. 4 pole.3 (4)
phase induction motor for best power (4)
factor.
13. Describe the effect of dispersion coefficient due to the following factors in an IM: (i) overload (13)
capacity (ii) airgap length (iii) number of poles (iv) frequency.
14. State and explain the factors to be considered when estimating the length of airgap of a 3 (13)
phase induction motor
PART-C
1. Write short notes on: a) Design of rotor bars and slots. (16)
b) Design of end rings
2. A 15 KW, 440 V, 4 pole, 50HZ, 3 phase induction motor is built with a stator bore 0.25 m (16)
and a core length of 0.16m.The specific electric loading is 23000 ampere conductors per
meter. Using the data of this machine, determine the core dimensions, number of stator slots
and number of stator conductors for a 11KW, 460V, 6 pole, 50 Hz motor. Assume a full
load efficiency of 84% and power factor of 0.82 for each machine. The winding factor is
0.955.
3. A 11 kW, three phase 6 pole, 50 Hz; 220 volts star connected induction motor has 54 Stator (16)
slots, each containing 9 conductors. Calculate the value of bar and end ring currents. The
number of rotor bars is 64. The machine has an efficiency of 8.6 percent and a powerfactor of
0.85. The rotor MMF may be assumed to be 85 percent of stator MM F. Also find the bar and
the end ring sections if the current density is 5 A/mm2.
UNIT V - SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
PART-B
1. (i) Explain the construction of synchronous machine with neat diagrams. (7)

(ii) Discuss the choice of specific magnetic loading of synchronous machines in detail.
(6)
2. A 1000kVA, 3300V, 50Hz, 300rpm, 3-phase alternator has 180 slots with 5 conductors/ slot, (13)
 single layer winding with full pitched coil is used. The winding is star connected with 1 circuit
per phase. Determine the specific electric and magnetic loading, if the stator bore is 2.0m and
the core length is 0.4m. Using the same loading determine corresponding data for a 1250kVA,
3300V, 50Hz, 250rpm, 3-phase star connected alternator having 2 circuit per phase. The
machines have 60o phase spread.
3. (i) State and explain the main factors which influence the choice of specific magnetic loading (6)
and specific electric loading in a synchronous machine.
(ii) Derive output equation of synchronous machine.
(7)
4. For a 250kVA, 1100V, 12 pole 500rpm, 3-phase 3 alternator. Determine the airgap diameter, (13)
core length, No. of stator conductors, No. of stator slots and cross section of stator conductors.
Assuming average gap density as 0.6wb/sq.m. and specific electric loading of 30000
amp.cond./m. pole arc to pole pitch is 1.4.
5. Identify the main dimension for 1000 kVA, 50 Hz, three phase, 375 rpm alternator. The (13)
average air gap flux density = 0.55 wb/m2 and ampere conductors / m = 28000. Use
rectangular pole. Assume a suitable value for L / τ in order that bolted on pole Construction is
used for which machine permissible peripheral speed is 50 m/s. The runway speed is 1:8 times
synchronous speed.
6. Find main dimension of 100 MVA, 11 KV, 50 Hz, 150 rpm, three phase water wheel generator. (13)
The average gap density = 0.65 wb/m2 and ampere conductors / m are 40000. The peripheral
speed
should not exceed 65 m/s at normal running speed in order to limit runaway peripheral speed.
7. Describe a suitable number of slots conductors / slot for stator (13)
winding of three phase,3300V, 50 Hz, 300 rpm alternator, the diameter is 2.3m and axial length
of core = 0.35 m. Maximum flux density in air gap should be approximately 0.9 wb / m2.
Assume sinusoidal flux distribution use single layer winding and star connection for stator.
8. A 2000 kVA, 3300V, 50Hz, 300 rpm, three phase alternator has 180 slots with 5 (13)
conductors/slot, single layer winding with full pitch coil is used. The winding is star connected
with
one circuit / phase. Evaluate specific electric loading and magnetic loading, IF stator core is 0.2
m and core length = 0.4 m. Using same loading determine the data for 1250 kVA, 3300V, 50
Hz, 250 rpm, three phase star connected alternator having 2 circuits / phase.
9. Evaluate for a 15 MVA, 11kV, 50 Hz, 2pole, star connected turbo alternator (i) air- gap (13)
diameter, (ii) core length, (iii) number of stator conductors, from the given data Bav= 0.55
wb/sq.m, ac=36000amp.cond/m, δ=5A/sq.mm, synchronous speed ns=50rps, Kws=0.98,
peripheral speed=160m/s.
10. (i) Formulate the output equation of a synchronous machine. (6)
(ii) Evaluate the main dimensions of stator core for an 8 pole alternator rated at 3300KVA,
(7)
300V, 50Hz. Assume specific electric loading to be 28000 ac/m and magnetic loading to be
0.6wb/sq.m, pole arc=0.65*pole pitch. Assume square pole.
11. Identify the main dimensions of a 12MVA, 13.8KV, 50Hz, 1500rpm 3 phase star connected (13)
alternator. Bav= 0.6 Tesla, ac/m = 42000, peripheral speed = 80m/s. Find also the maximum
flux, number of stator slots if one conductor per slot is used number of
turns per phase.
12. The field coils of a salient pole alternator are wound with a single layer winding of bare copper (13)
strip 30mm depth with separating insulation of 0.15mm thick. Analyze winding length,
no.of.turns and thickness of conductor to develop an mmf of 1200AT with a potential
difference of 5V per coil and with a loss of 1200W/sq.m of total coil surface. The mean length
of turn is 1.2m. The resistivity of copper is 0.021Ω/m
13. (i) Describe the construction of turbo alternator with neat sketch. (7)
(ii) For a 250kVA,2200V, 12 pole, 500 rpm,3 phase alternator, determine core diameter and
(6)
core length. Assuming average gap density as 0.6wb/m 2 and specific electric loading of 30000
amp.cond/m,L/ɩ=1.5.
14. Illustrate the steps required for the design of damper winding of synchronous machine and (13)
show the position of damper bars in a diagram
PART-C `
1. Identify the output coefficient for a 1500kVA, 2200 Volts,3 phase,10 pole,50Hz,Star connected (16)
alternator with sinusoidal flux distribution.The winding had 60 ▫ phase spread and full pitch
coils. ac=30000 amp.cond/m, Bav=0.6 Wb/m2.If the peripheral speed of the rotor must not
exceed 100m/sec and the ratio pole pitch to core length is to be between 0.6 and 1,find D and L.
Assume an airgap length of 6mm.Find also the approximate number of stator conductors.
2 Identify for 500kVA, 6600V, 20Hz, 500 rpm and connected three phase salient pole machine (16)
diameter, core length for square pole face number of stator slots and number of stator
conductors for double layer winding. Assume specific magnetic loading = 0.68 tesla, ac =
30000 AC/m and Kws = 0.955.
3 Find the main dimensions of a 2500 KVA, 187.5 rpm, 50Hz,3 phase, 3KV, salient pole (16)
alternator. The generator is to be vertical water wheel type. Use circular pole with ratio of core
length to pole pitch=0.65. Specify the type of pole construction used if the runaway speed is
about 2 times the normal speed.
4 Determine the main dimensions of a 75000 KVA, 13.8KV, 50Hz, 62.5rpm, 3 phase star (16)
connected alternator. Also find the no. Of stator slots, conductors per slot, conductor area and
work out winding details. The peripheral speed is about 40m/s. Assume average gap
density=0.65wb/m2, ampere conductors/metre= 40,000 and current density=4A/mm2.