Title: Relation and Function

Chapter: Relation and Function

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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

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Inverse Trigonometry Functions

Introduction : The student may be familiar about trigonometric functions viz sin x, cos x, tan x, cosec x, sec x,
cot x with respective domains R, R, R – {(2n + 1) /2}, R – {n}, R – {(2n + 1) /2}, R – {n} and respective
ranges [–1, 1], [–1, 1], R, R – (–1, 1), R – (–1, 1), R.
Correspondingly, six inverse trigonometric functions (also called inverse circular functions) are defined.

Inverse Domain Range Graph

Trigonometric
Function
f(x) = sin–1x or [–1, 1] [–/2, /2]
arcsinx

f(x) = cos–1x or [–1, 1] [0, ]

arccosx

y
f(x) = tan–1x or R (–/2, /2)
arctanx

/2

o x

/2

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 f(x) = cot–1x or R (0, )
arccotx

f(x) = sec–1x or R – (–1, 1) [0, ] – {/2}

arcsecx

f(x) = cosec–1x R – (–1, 1) [–/2, /2] – {0}

or arccosecx

  1  1 
Example # 26 : Find the value of tan . cos1    tan1   
 2
   3  
  1  1        1
Solution : tan cos1    tan 1     = tan       = tan   = .
 2  3    3  6  6 3

Example # 27 : Find domain of sin–1 (2x2 + 1)

Solution : Let y = sin–1 (2x2 + 1)
For y to be defined – 1  (2x2 + 1)  1  –2  2x2  0  x  {0}

Self practice problems :

  1 
(17) Find the value of (i) cos   sin1    
3  2 
(ii) cosec [sec–1 ( 2 ) + cot–1 (1)]

(18) Find the domain of

(i) y = sec–1 (x2 + 3x + 1)
 x2 
(ii) y = sin–1 
 1  x 2 
 
(iii) y = cot–1 ( x 2  1)

(19) Find the range of (i) sin–1|x| + sec–1|x|

(ii) sin–1 x2  x  1

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Answers : (17) (i) 0 (ii) 1
(18) (i) (– , – 3]  [ – 2, – 1]  [0, ) (ii) R
(iii) (– , –1]  [1, )
(19) (i) {/2} (ii) [/3, /2]

Exercise – I
Section (A) : Definition, graphs and fundamentals & Inverse Trigonometry
1. Find the domain of each of the following functions :
sin1 x  3x  1  1 1
(i) f(x) = (ii) f(x) = 1  2x + 3 sin–1   (iii) f(x) = 2sin x
+
x  2  x2

2. Find the range of each of the following functions :

 3x 2  1 
(i) f(x) = n (sin–1x) (ii) f(x) = sin–1  
 5x 2  1 
 
 (x  1)(x  5) 
(iii) f(x) = cos–1  
 x(x  2)(x  3) 

3. Find the simplified value of the following expressions :

  1   1  1 
(i) sin   sin1     (ii) tan cos1  tan1   
3  2   2  3  
   3  
sin–1 cos sin1  
 2  
(iii)
    

n n
4. (i) If 
i 1
cos 1 i = 0, then find the value of  i·
i 1
i

2n 2n
(ii) If 
i 1
sin1 xi  n , then show that x
i 1
i  2n

5. Solve the following inequalities:

(i) cos 1 x > cos 1 x2 (ii) arccot2 x  5 arccot x + 6 > 0
(iii) sin x > – 1
–1
(iv) cos–1 x < 2 (v) cot–1 x < – 3

  
6. Let f :   ,   B defined by f (x) = 2 cos2x + 3 sin2x + 1. Find B such that f –1
exists. Also find
 3 6
f –1 (x).

Section (B) : Definition, graphs and fundamentals of Inverse Trigonometric functions

1. The domain of definition of f(x) = sin1 (x  1  2) is:
(A) [ 2, 0]  [2, 4] (B) (2, 0)  (2, 4) (C) [ 2, 0]  [1, 3] (D) ( 2, 0)  (1, 3)

2. The function f(x) = cot1 (x  3) x + cos1 x 2  3x  1 is defined on the set S, where S is equal to:
(A) {0, 3} (B) (0, 3) (C) {0,  3} (D) [ 3, 0]

3. Domain of f(x) = cos–1 x + cot–1 x + cosec–1 x is

(A) [– 1, 1] (B) R (C) (– ]  [1, ) (D) {– 1, 1}

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4. Range of f(x) = sin–1 x + tan–1 x + sec–1 x is
  3    3 
(A)  ,  (B)  , 
4 4  4 4 
  3    3 
(C)  ,  (D)  , 
4 4  4 4 

5. cosec–1 (cos x) is real if

(A) x  [– 1, 1] (B) x  R

(C) x is an odd multiple of (D) x is a multiple of 
2


6. Domain of definition of the function f (x) = sin1 (2 x)  for real valued ' x ' is:
6
 1 1  1 1  1 1  1 1
(A)  4 , 2  (B)  2 , 2  (C)   ,  (D)   , 
     2 9  4 4
   3 
The solution of the equation sin1  tan   sin1   = 0 is
 x  6
7.
 4  
(A) x = 2 (B) x =  4 (C) x = 4 (D) x = 3

3
8. Number of solutions of the equation cot–1 4  x 2  cos1(x 2  5)  is :
2
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

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 Answer Key
Section (A) : Definition, graphs and fundamentals & Inverse Trigonometry
 1 1
1. (i) [–1, 1] – {0} (ii)   ,  (iii) 
 3 2

2. (i) (– , n /2] (ii) (0, /2] (iii) [0, ]

1 
3. (i) 1 (ii) (iii)
3 6

 n  1
4. (i) n  
 2 

5. (i) [ 1, 0) (ii) ( cot 3) U (cot 2, ) (iii) – sin 1 < x  1 (iv) cos2 < x  1
(v) no solution

1  1  x  2   
6. B = [0, 4] ; f –1 (x) =  sin 
2   
 2  6

Section (B) : Definition, graphs and fundamentals of Inverse Trigonometric functions

1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (D)
6. (A) 7. (C) 8. (A)

Solution
Section (A) : Definition, graphs and fundamentals & Inverse Trigonometry
sin1 x
1. (i) f(x) = .
x
For sin–1x, x  [–1, 1] and division by zero is undefined x  0
 Domain x  [–1, 0)  (0, 1]
 3x  1 
(ii) f(x) = 1  2x + 3 sin–1  
 2 
3x  1 1 1
1 – 2x  0 and – 1  1  x and – x1
2 2 3
Taking intersection 
 1 1
  Domain x   , 
 3 2
1 1
(iii) f(x) = 2sin x
–
x2
– 1  x  1 and x > 2  x  

2. (i) f(x) = n (sin–1x)

Domain sin–1 x > 0  x  (0, 1]
 
Range 0 < sin–1 x   –  < n (sin–1x)  n 2
2  
Inequality doesn't change as n is increasing function
 3x 2  1  3x 2  1
(ii) f(x) = sin–1     it is obvious is + ve  x  R
 5x 2  1  5x 2  1
 

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 3x 2  1
for function to be defined  1  3x 2  1  5x2 + 1  5x2 + 1 > 0  x  R
5x 2  1
squaring both side 3x2 + 1  25x4 + 10x2 + 1  25x4 + 7x2  0
3x 2  1 3x 2  1
hold for all  x  R. So 2
1xR at x   0
5x  1 5x 2  1
3x 2  1 3x 2  1
So 0 < 2
1  0 < sin–1  /2
5x  1 5x 2  1
 (x  1)(x  5) 
(iii) f(x) = cos–1  
 x(x  2)(x  3) 
– + – + – +

–5 0 1 2 3

(x  1)(x  5)
form graph , it is clearly visible
x(x  2)(x  3)
(x  1)(x  5)
that function attain all values b/w [–1, 1]
x(x  2)(x  3)
 (x  1)(x  5) 
So Range of cos-1    [0, ]
 x(x  2)(x  3) 

  1    1     3 
3. (i) sin   sin1     = sin   sin1    = sin    = sin   =1
3  2  3  2  3 6  6 
 1  1   1     1
(ii) tan cos1  tan1    = tan   tan1  = tan  –  = tan =
 2  3   3 3 3 6 6 3
   3       
sin–1 cos sin1   = sin–1
 2   cos 3  = sin sin  2 – 3  = 6
(iii) –1

        

n
4. (i)  cos
i 1
1
i  0  cos–1i = 0  i = 1

n
 n  1
 i· = 1 + 2 + 3 + . . . . . . .
i 1
i + n = n
 2 


2n
 
(ii)  sin
i 1
–1
xi  n we know that –
2
 sin–1 xi 
2

equality holds good only when sin–1 xi =  i = 1, 2, 3......2n
2
2n
  xi = 1  i = 1, 2, 3,...., 2n  x
i 1
i  2n

5. (i) cos 1 x > cos 1 x2 x  [ 1, 1]  .

Defined for x  [ 1, 1]
x  [ 1, 1]
As function decreases
x < x2  x2 – x > 0
x(x – 1) > 0  x  , 0   1,  
x [ 1, 0)

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 (ii) Let arccotx = p  p2 – 5p + 6 > 0  (p – 2)(P – 3) > 0
cot x is a decreasing function
–1

( cot 3) U (cot 2, )

(iii) sin–1 x > – 1 
   x (– sin 1, 1]

(iv) cos–1 x < 2  x (cos 2, 1]

(v) cot–1 x < – 3

 cot–1 x > 0  x R  no solution

  
6. f :  ,   B if f–1 exists, then function should be one-one and onto
 3 6
   
f(x) = 2 cos2x + 3 sin 2x + 1 = 2 + cos 2x + 3 sin 2x = 2 + 2  sin  2x   
  6 
  
 x   , 
 3 6
    1  1  x  2   
 2x +   ,
6  2 2 
or f(x)  [0, 4]  f–1(x) =  sin 
2   
 2  6

Section (B) : Definition, graphs and fundamentals of Inverse Trigonometric functions

1. f(x) = sin–1 (|x – 1| – 2). For domain – 1  |x – 1| – 2  1
1  |x – 1|  3 x – 1  [–3, –1]  [1, 3]  x  [–2, 0]  [2, 4]

2. f(x) = cot–1 x(x  3) + cos–1 x 2  3x  1

for domain
x(x + 3)  0 and 0  x2 + 3x + 1  1
 x  (–, –3]  [0, ) and x2 + 3x + 1  0 and x2 + 3x  0  x  [–3, 0]
Taking intersection
 x  {–3, 0}

3.  –1  x  1 ...(1)
xR ...(2)
x  –1 or x 1 ...(3)
By (1)  (2) (3)
 x  {–1, 1}

4. Domain of f(x) is x  { –1, 1}

     3
f(–1) =       f(1) =  0 
2 4 4 2 4 4

5. cosec–1 (cosx) is defined if

cosx  1 or cos x  1  cosx = 1  x = n


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  
6. y= sin1 2x  For domain sin–1 2x + 0
6 6
  1 1 1
 –  sin–1 2x   –  2x  1  – x
6 2 2 4 2
   3  3 
sin–1  tan  – sin–1  
 x  6
7. – =0 sin–11 – sin–1 =
 4   x 6
3 3
 =  x=2 x=4
2 x

8. 4 – x2  0 & –1  x2 – 5  1
x 4
2
& 4  x2 – 5  6
So x = 4 which satisfy the given equation
2

So x = ±2 number of solution = 2.

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