Ethnocentrism
vs
Cultural Relativism
ETHNOCENTRISM
It is the belief or attitude that one’s
own culture is better than all others,
and should therefore serve as the
standard frame for reference.
XENOCENTRISM
- refers to the belief that another culture is superior to
one’s own. (The Greek root word xeno, pronounced
“ZEE-no,” means “stranger” or “foreign guest.”)
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
The idea that a person’s beliefs,
values and practices should be
understood based on the person’s
own culture, rather than be judged
against the criteria of another.
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
the ability to understand a culture on
its own terms and not to make
judgments using the standards of
one’s own culture. The goal of this is
promote understanding of cultural
practices that are not typically part of
one’s own culture.
What is a Popular Culture?
It is also called a mass culture, generally recognized
by members of a society as a set of practices,
beliefs and objects that are dominant or ubiquitous
in a society at a given point in time. Heavily
influenced by mass media, this collection of ideas
permeates the everyday lives of people in a given
society. Therefore, popular culture has a way of
influencing an individual’s attitudes towards certain
things.
The culture of the Philippines
comprises a blend of traditional
Filipino and Spanish Catholic
traditions, with influences from
America and other parts of Asia.
The Filipinos are family oriented
and often religious with an
appreciation for art, fashion,
music and food.
- Filipinos are very resilient
- Filipinos take pride in their families
- Filipinos are very religious
- Filipinos are very respectful
- Filipinos help one another
- Filipinos value traditions and culture
Other Filipino Culture
Family Values
- Family is the center of the
social structure: Nuclear and
Extended Family
- People get strength and
stability from their family;
children having several
godparents
Other Filipino Culture
Concept of Shame
- “Hiya” or shame: a
motivating factor behind
behavior
- A sense of social propriety
and conforming to societal
norms of behavior
Cultural Heritage of
the Philippines
Cultural Heritage
● an expression of the ways of living developed by a
community and passed on from generation to
generation, including customs, practices, places,
objects, artistic expressions and values. Cultural
Heritage is often expressed as either Intangible or
Tangible Cultural Heritage.
Tangible
Cultural Heritage
of the Philippines
Natural Heritage
Environment
Natural Landscape
Landforms
Coastal and Inland Water Sources – Flora and Fauna
Terrestrial
Marine
Man-made Built Heritage
Cultural Landscape
Archaeological Sites
Historic Urban Sites / Heritage Groups
Monuments, Buildings or Structures
Intangible Cultural
of the Philippines
Religion, Customs
and Tradition of the
Philippines
Food and Cuisine of
the Philippines
Art and Craft of
Philippines
Categories of Philippine Pop Culture
● Entertainment: movies, television, music, video games
● Sport: Popular Sport, Indigenous Sport, SEA Games
● Politics: Political Agenda, Role of the Media, Watchdogs
of the Society
● Fashion: Ukay-ukay, Worldclass Designers, Traditional
attires-modernized
● Language: Oral and Written Communication, Regional
Dialect/Accent, Jejemon/ Gay Lingo, Use of Emojis,
Carabao English, Philippine English vs World English
Filipino Values and
Moral Development
Strengths and Weaknesses of the
Filipinos
Strengths: Weaknesses:
• Pakikipagkapwa-Tao • Extreme Personalism
• Family orientation • Extreme Family
• - Joy and Humor Centeredness
• Flexibility, Adaptability & • Lack of Discipline
Creativity • Passivity & Lack of
• Hard work & Industry Initiative
• Faith & Religiosity • Colonial Mentality
• Ability to survive • Kanya-kanya Syndrome
• Lack of Self-Analysis
