The

Tejeros Assembly
Group 1 - BSN 1D
What we'll discuss
Identify
the conflicting views of the Tejeros Assemblyl

Examine and Discuss

the roles of eah person as the source of information
in the event

Reflect
present social, political, economic and cultural issues
in the Philippines
 Chapter I
Identify the conflicting
views of the Tejeros
Assembly
Overview of Tejeros
Assembly
Discussed by: Alynna Isabelle Beto
Tejeros Assembly
-convention of the Magadalo and
Magdiwang clusters of the revolutionary
group KKK

- March 1897
- Casa Hacienda of Tejeros in General Trias,
Cavite
Tejeros Assembly
-MAIN GOAL: to form a plan and action to
strengthen their forces

-Instead, the Magdalo party opted to

establish a new revolutionary government
to change Katipunan
Andres Bonifacio
-Supremo of KKK

-opposed the initiative to form a

revolutionary government
-presided the election
 Presidential Nominees

Andres Bonifacio
Emilio Aguinaldo Mariano Trias
 The Outcome...

PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENT GENERAL-IN-CHIEF

Don Emilio Aguinaldo Don Mariano Trias Don Artemio Ricarte
Magdalo Magdiwang Magdiwang
 The Outcome...

DIRECTOR OF INTERIOR
DIRECTOR OF WAR Don Andres Bonifacio
Don Emiliano R. de Dios Magdiwang
Magdiwang
The Insult and Protest.....
-Daniel Tirona of Magdalo protested
Bonifacio's victory as Director of
Interior

-argued that only 'ilustrados' should sit

in the position

-Bonifacio then declared the election

as null
The Arrest and Execution....
Magdalo and Magdiwang
Clusters
Discussed by: Nicole S. Villahermosa
Magdalo and Magdiwang Factions

The two main Katipunan groups in Cavite were the Magdiwang

and the Magdalo (headed by Baldomero Aguinaldo, Emilio
Aguinaldo's cousin), with the Magdiwang holding control over a
greater number of towns and municipalities.
 Magdalo Faction
The Cavite Katipunan chapter's Magdalo faction is a group of
Filipino revolutionaries who sought independence from Spain
during the period of the Philippine Revolution.
Mary Magdalene, the patron saint of Kawit, Cavite, inspired its
naming. Although Emilio Aguinaldo, who’s own Katipunan
codename was "Magdalo," was its most well-known leader,
Baldomero Aguinaldo served as the organization's formal
leader.
Magdalo Faction
Leaders:
·Baldomero Aguinaldo - President
·Edilberto Evangelista - Vice President
·Candido Tirona - Secretary of War
·Felix Cuenca - Secretary of Interior
·Glicerio Topacio - Secretary of Public Works
·Cayetano Topacio - Secretary of Finance
·Emilio Aguinaldo - Flag Officer
Magdalo Faction
Municipalities:
·Cavite El Viejo
·Imus
·Silang
·Bakood
·Carmona
·Mendez-Nuñez
·Dasmariñas
·Amadeo
 Magdiwang Faction
To achieve independence from Spain, Filipino revolutionaries
established the Katipunan in Manila in 1892, and one of its
chapters was known as the Magdiwang. Within Cavite, it was
accepted that the Magdiwang Council "was the primary entity
responsible for the successful campaigns against the enemy".
Mariano Alvarez founded the Magdiwang branch.
Magdiwang Faction
Leaders:
·Lorenzo Fenoy - Vice President for Batangas
·Pascual Álvarez - Minister of the Interior
·Ariston Villanueva - Minister of War
·Ananias Diokno - Vice Minister of War of Batangas
·Mariano Trías - Minister of Welfare and Justice
·Emiliano Riego de Dios - Minister of Economic Development
·Diego Mojica - Minister of Finance
·Santiago V. Álvarez - Captain General
·Artemio Ricarte - Assistant Captain General
·Miguel Malvar - Assistant Captain General for Batangas
·Mariano Riego de Dios - General, Cavite Division
·Paciano Rizal - General, Batangas Division
 Magdiwang Faction
Municipalities:
·Cavite City (capital) ·Magallanes
·San Roque ·Bailen (now General Emilio Aguinaldo)
·La Caridad ·Indang
·Noveleta ·Alfonso
·San Francisco de Malabon (now General Trias)
·Mendez
·Rosario (locally referred to as Salinas)
·Amadeo
·Sta. Cruz de Malabon (now Tanza)
·Naik
·Nasugbu, Batangas
·Maragondon ·Tuy, Batangas
·Ternate Looc, Batangas
Magdadalo and Magdiwang Factions

Mariano Alvarez invited Bonifacio to Cavite to mediate when tensions between the two
Katipunan Councils—the Magdalo and Magdiwang—in Cavite erupted because of lack of
respect and territorial rivalry. On December 17, 1896, Bonifacio traveled to Cavite, the
province where the Supremo met his tragic end, with his siblings, wife, and army.
On December 29, representatives of Magdalo and Magdiwang attended a meeting at the
Imus estate mansion. The problem of establishing a revolutionary administration to take
the place of the Katipunan caused conflict between the two councils. The meeting came
to a close without the problem being fixed.
 Comparison on the
accounts of Bonifacio,
Ricarte, and Alvarez
Discussed by: Jastine Joy T . Mañacap
 Overview:Background of their account
nifacio Magd Andres Bonifacio’s Account
Bo iw
es
The account of Bonifacio is from a letter he wrote to Emilio
ang
r
And

Jacinto in Montalban from Indang, Cavite on April 24, 1897, a

month after the Tejeros elections.This was first published in
Jose P. Santos, Si Andres Bonifacio at Ang Himagsikan.
Ricarte Magdiw
Artemio Ricarte’s Account mio a

ng
e
Art
He was a direct participant and witness to the event of the
election. His account was written during his imprisonment
for subversion by the American authorities in 1904.

tiago Alvarez Santiago Alvarez’s Account

San
This account of the Tejeros Convention is found in Chapter
32 of General Santiago Alvarez’s memoirs. Like Ricarte,
Alvarez was a direct participants and witness to the events
that occurred in the election
 The Conflicting Views of
Bonifacio Ma io Ricarte Ma Santiago Alvare
es gd gdi
rd etm on z

D
An

wa
iwa

Ar

ng
ng
Don

Don
 Date of the Assembly
ntiago Alvarez
Bonifacio Magdiw Sa
es
ang
r
And

March
22, 1897
March
25, 1897
Ricarte Magdiw
mio a
ng
e
Art
 The Voting System
ntiago Alvarez
Bonifacio Magdiw Sa
es
He acknowledged that
ang
r
And

establishing a new Andres Bonifacio

government could not be consented to form a new
made possible However, administration as long as
later on, he agreed to the Ricarte Magdiw they will follow the
system as long as the mio a
majority’s vote or choice.

ng
e
majority can stick to

Art
their choice in the
assembly
 Election Fraud
Ricarte Magdiw
Bonifacio Magdiw mio a
es

ng
e
Art
ang
r
And

There was election No mentions of

fraud, as the ballots
distributed were any happenings of
Santiago Alvarez
already been filled election fraud.
out,
 Daniel Tirona’s Protest
tiago Alvarez
Bonifacio Magdiw San
es
ang
r
And

No direct mentions The Secretary of War

Ariston Villanueva got
of Daniel Tirona’s private information that
carte Magdiw
Objection Daniel Tirona was
mio
Ri
a planning to sabotage the
assembly’s proceedings.
ng
e
Art

The objection made Bonifacio pulled

out a revolver and aimed at Tirona
when he objected to Bonifacio’s
position as Minister of Interior.
 Artemio Ricarte
Born October 20, 1866 at Bata,
Ilocos Norte
He died on July 31, 1945 in Kalinga,
Mountain Province
Cause of death: Dysentery
Rank: Captain General
Nicknames: The Father of the
Philippine Army, Vibora, Father
of the Overseas Filipino Workers
Philippine Revolution

August 23, 1896 - June 12, 1898

Tejeros Convention
Artemio Ricarte
 Andres Bonifacio
Born November 30, 1863 at Calle
Azcarraga
Third Supremo of the KKK after
Roman Basa
Conducted the election of new
government as the chair of the
convention
Was heavily supported by 4 out
of 7 magdiwang ministers during
the signage of the Acta de
Tejeros
Died May 10, 1897 at Mount
Nagpatong in Maragondon Cavite
Andres
Bonifacio
Tejeros Assembly
- discussed by
Ms. Jojhee Lynn Bagotchay
During the Tejeros Assembly
Bonifacio presided over the election as chairman of the convention. He
secured the unanimous approval of the assembly.

Aguinaldo had the highest votes for Presidency while Bonifacio came second.
Severino de las Alas of Magdiwang proposed that Bonifacio automatically be
considered vice president but nobody contested the motion. The election
resumed. In the end, Bonifacio was elected Director of the Interior.

However, Daniel Tirona contested and argued that a lawyer should handle
the position. Bonifacio felt insulted and demanded an apology from Tirona.
Bonifacio declared that all matters convened in the Tejeros Convention were
null and void.
Bonifacio invalidated the Tejeros
After the Tejeros Assembly
Convention through a document known
as “Acta de Tejeros”.

That night, Aguinaldo and the other

elected officers in Tejeros took their oath
of office.

Bonifacio decided to establish another

government independent from that of
Aguinaldo in accordance with the “Naic
Pact”

April 17 1897 - The Revolutionary

Government was established without the
customary elections
 Primary Source
"... As President of the Supreme Council of the Katipunan, I accede to your
just petition, but first of all I desire to ask you to recognize a principle as a
basis of agreement in this or in other meetings, which is: that we respect and
obey the will of the majority." - Andres Bonifacio

Secondary Source
The National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) to
integrate the diverse functions of various historical agencies.
Santiago Alvarez y Virata

(July 25, 1872 - October 30, 1930)

 Santiago Alvarez y Virata
Who is Santiago Alvarez?
- born in Imus, Cavite
- was a revolutionary general and founder and honorary
president of the first directorate of the Nacionalista Party.
- known as “Kidlat ng Apoy” (Lightning of Fire).
“Hero of the Battle of Dalahican”.
Towns of Naic, Maragondon, Magallanes, Tanza,
Alfonso, SIlang, Imus, and San Francisco de Malabon.
(July 25, 1872 - October 30, 1930)
 Santiago Alvarez y Virata
What was his role in the Katipunan?
- Santiago Alvarez was the Delegado general of the provincial
council of the Katipunan in Cavite.
- he became captain general and later, commander-in-chief
of the Magdiwang forces.
- he was then the secretary of the newly merged group of
Katipunan in Malabon and Noveleta.
(July 25, 1872 - October 30, 1930)
 Santiago Alvarez y Virata
When, Where, and why did he write his account?
General Santiago Alvarez wrote his account in thirty-six
installments, from July 24, 1927 to April 15, 1928, in the
Tagalog weekly, Sampaguita.
According to General Alvarez, he wrote them so “I could
shed more light on the difference facets of the Revolution, …
in the interest of honorable truth.”.

(July 25, 1872 - October 30, 1930)

 Santiago Alvarez y Virata
Where was he in the
assembly?
He was seated on the long
presidential table along with his
co-Magdiwang men
He was one of the leaders of
their Faction, that is why he
was seated. The others were
standing in groups of both
sides of those seated.
S. Alvarez and the Elections...
General Vibora won over him over
the Captain Position
For the position of secretary of war,
Mr. Emiliano R. de Dios won over
him along with Ariston Villanueva,
and Daniel Tirona.
 After the Assembly...
Baldomero Aguinaldo, the Magdalo Pres. requested a meeting at the Tejeros friar estate
house.
This was called on the day after the convention
Its purpose was:
to continue the proceedings of the election meeting
to revive their former alliances
to restore cordiality and fraternal love in their relations
Aside from Andres Bonifacio, among the Magdiwang leaders who attended was him,
Santiago Alvarez.
They waited until five that afternoon, but none of the Magdalo members came, not even
their president.
 How reliable is
Alvarez's account?
His work was considered as the PRIMARY RESOURCES for
the Assembly.
His writing is considered to be a primary source because he
experienced first-hand the information that he wrote in his
works
Alvarez had nothing to rely on in writing and based entirely
on what he observed as an attendant of the said convention.
Alvarez’s version also focused on how the election went on
and the events that took place in Tejeros.
Information is raw and very direct to the point. It delivers the
information straight away based off on their own experience.
 Chapter III
The Social, Political,
Economic, and Cultural
Issues in the Philippines
Disunity and Greed
Discussed by: Raella Kvn F. Corpuz
Disunity
The lack of unity among Katipuneros, being divided into Magdalo
and Magdiwang Factions
Filipinos have different views and opinions on who they would want
to lead the country, thus resulting in the aspiring leaders to have
different parties based on how they would lead the country.

Greed
Ballots were already filled up even before being distributed.
Power-hungry officials would resort to manipulation of
ballots or vote-buying and corruption to ensure their place
in the government.
Personal Ambitions and Recruiting
Members from other political
parties
Discussed by: Kurt Darylle Pabillon
 Personal Ambitions
Political leaders would rather use their position to their advantage - as seen
when Daniel Tirona was pushing for Jose Del Rosario, instead of Andres
Bonifacio who he claimed was not qualified for the position.
This is one of the issues regarding our political system today where politicians
use their positions to satisfy personal goals rather than the interest of the
people they represent.
Recruiting Members from other political parties
This also concerns the same person, Daniel Tirona, who talked to
numerous Magdiwang members to ally with the Magdalos.
Nowadays, some political leaders often get swayed to do things
that may not be in line with the interest of their constituents. Such
practices erode the trust of the public in the institution these
politicians swore to defend.
Thank You for
listening!