1.
Cardiac cycle
The subject of my talk is Cardiac cycle
The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events that occurs in one complete
beat of the heart.
It can be divided into 2 major phases: systole and diastole. The pumping
phase of the cycle, also known as systole, occurs when heart muscle
contracts. The filling phase, which is known as diastole, occurs when heart
muscle relaxes.
At the beginning of the cardiac cycle, both atria and ventricles are in
diastole. During this time, all the chambers of the heart are relaxed and
receive blood. The atrioventricular valves are open. Atrial systole follows
this phase.
During atrial systole, the left and right atria contract at the same time and
push blood into the left and right ventricles, respectively.
The next phase is ventricular systole. During ventricular systole, the left
and right ventricles contract at the same time and pump blood into the
aorta and pulmonary trunk, respectively. In ventricular systole, the atria are
relaxed and receive blood. The atrioventricular valves close immediately
after ventricular systole begins to stop blood going back into the atria.
However, the semilunar valves are open during this phase to allow the
blood to flow into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Following this phase, the ventricles relax that is ventricular diastole occurs.
The semilunar valves close to stop the blood from flowing back into the
ventricles from the aorta and pulmonary trunk. The atria and ventricles
once again are in diastole together and the cycle begins again.
Finally, it moves to atrial diastole and start a new cycle
We are giong to present about
2. Bệnh lý tim mạch
A,Nguyên nhân
Your risk of coronary heart disease goes up based on the number of risk factors
you have and how serious they are. Some risk factors — such as high blood
pressure and high blood cholesterol — can be changed through heart-healthy
lifestyle changes. Other risk factors, such as your sex, older age, family history,
and race and ethnicity, cannot be changed.
1. Hypertension
2. High Cholesterol : High blood pressure is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke
because it damages the lining of the arteries, making them more susceptible to the
buildup of plaque, which narrows the arteries leading to the heart and brain.
3. Gender: A man is more likely to develop heart disease or have a heart attack at a
younger age, approximately 65, and for a woman is approximately 72.
4. Obesity: On its own, having excess weight doesn’t directly cause heart disease.
However, many of the factors that lead to being overweight, like eating foods high in fat
and sodium, as well as a lack of exercise,all of which are heart disease risk factors.
5. Age: As a part of the natural aging process, blood vessels typically become less
flexible, which makes it tougher for blood to easily flow.
6. Smoking: The chemicals found in cigarettes can increase plaque build-up in arteries,
thicken blood and make clots more likely, as well as reducing blood flow to arms, legs,
hands and feet. It can also increase the likelihood of stroke.
7. Having Diabetes: As a condition that causes your blood glucose or sugar to be too
high, diabetes can lead to damage of the blood vessels and nerves that are vital for the
heart to function
8. Inactive Lifestyle:, being physically inactive can increase the likelihood of developing
blood clots, high blood pressure or having a heart attack.
9. Family History: If your close or immediate family members, like your mother, father,
grandparents or siblings, have been diagnosed with heart disease or they have any of
the risk factors listed above, this increases your overall risk of developing heart disease.
Keep in mind, though, that even if your family member does have heart disease or any
of these risk factors, that does not automatically mean you will have it, too.
B, Prevent Heart Disease
However, there are lifestyle changes you can make today that lead to a healthier
tomorrow.
Here are 9 ways to reduce your risk of developing coronary artery disease.
- Choose Healthy Habits: You can choose healthy habits to help prevent heart
disease.
Choose healthy foods and drinks: Eat foods that protect your heart,such as fruits and
veggies, whole grains,legumes, lean proteins, and fish and Do not drink too much
alcohol
o Exercise: experts recommend walking 30 minutes, five times per
week. Being physically active also helps you shed excess weight,
another risk factor
o Don’t smoke
- Take Charge of Your Medical Conditions
o Check your cholesterol : Your health care team should test your
blood levels of cholesterol at least once every 4 to 6 years
o Control your blood pressure: High blood pressure usually has no
symptoms, so have it checked on a regular basis
o Manage your diabetes: Regular checkups are a good way to make sure
you're on the right health track.Your doctor may opt to prescribe medicine
that helps lower your cholesterol or blood pressure.Or they may see early
warning signs of coronary artery disease,and recommend diet or exercise
changes.
o Now we are going to watch a video about coronary heart disease
