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Notes on "vid2-output_compressed (1).pdf"
This document is a comprehensive guide for healthcare workers in the Philippines, outlining-
various public health programs and their implementation. It covers topics like maternal health,-
newborn care, child health, family planning, immunization, integrated management of childhood-
illnesses (IMCI), and environmental health. It also includes information about essential health-
packages, the Sentrong Sigla movement, and relevant laws and policies.
I. Maternal, Newborn, Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)
◦ Goal: Reduce Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) to 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.
◦ Current Data: MMR in 2020 was 78/100,000 live births, showing a decline from previous years.
◦ Leading Causes of Maternal Death:
• Complications related to pregnancy during labor, delivery, and postpartum: This-
includes conditions like postpartum hemorrhage, eclampsia, and sepsis.
• Hypertension during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum: This includes preeclampsia-
and eclampsia.
• Postpartum hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding after delivery, a leading cause of maternal death-
globally.
• Pregnancy with abortive outcome: This includes miscarriages, stillbirths, and ectopic-
pregnancies.
◦ Key Strategies:
• Ensuring access and utilization of MNCH core package of services and interventions: This-
includes prenatal care, skilled birth attendance, postpartum care, and newborn care.
• Establishing a service delivery network at all levels of care: This involves ensuring that all-
levels of healthcare facilities, from community health centers to hospitals, can provide essential-
MNCH services.
• Utilizing instruments for health system development: This includes using data to track-
progress, identify gaps, and improve service delivery.
• Rapidly building institutional capacities of DOH and PhilHealth: This involves-
strengthening the capacity of these agencies to provide leadership, support, and resources for-
MNCH programs.
◦ Risk Factors:
• Mistimed, unplanned, unwanted, and unsupported pregnancy: These pregnancies are-
more likely to result in complications and poor outcomes.
• Inadequate care during pregnancy: Lack of prenatal care increases the risk of complications.
• Delivery without skilled birth attendant: This increases the risk of maternal and newborn-
mortality.
• Lack of postpartum and postnatal care: These services are essential for the health of both-
mother and baby.
II. Newborn Care
◦ Key Practices:
• Immediate and Exclusive Breastfeeding: Promote continuous breastfeeding from the time of-
delivery and early latching on. This provides numerous benefits for both mother and baby, including-
protection against infections and promoting healthy growth and development.
• Skin-to-Skin Contact: Maintain skin-to-skin contact for at least 10 minutes for babies delivered-
by Cesarean Section. This helps regulate the baby's temperature, promotes bonding, and supports-
breastfeeding.
• Vitamin K Administration: Administer 1mg of Vitamin K for full-term babies and 0.5mg for-
preterm babies. This helps prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, a potentially life--
threatening condition.
• Hepatitis B Vaccination: Administer Hepatitis B vaccine after the baby has fully breastfed. This-
protects the baby from hepatitis B infection, a serious liver disease.
• Ophthalmic Ointment Application: Apply ophthalmic ointment on the baby's eyes only after-
the baby has fully breastfed. This helps prevent ophthalmia neonatorum, an eye infection that can-
cause blindness.
• Bathing: Bath the baby after six hours of life at the OB ward. This helps prevent hypothermia and-
infection.
• Foot Printing: No longer practiced. This practice was previously used for identification but is no-
longer recommended due to the risk of contamination.
• ER Deliveries: Babies delivered at the ER will follow the ENC protocol. This ensures that all-
newborns receive essential care, regardless of where they are born.
III. Child Care
◦ Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI):
• Goal: Reduce mortality and morbidity associated with major causes of disease in children.
• Objectives:
◦ Improve case management skills of health workers: This includes training healthcare-
workers to accurately assess, classify, and treat common childhood illnesses.
◦ Improve the health system to deliver IMCI: This involves ensuring that healthcare facilities-
have the necessary resources and infrastructure to implement IMCI.
◦ Improve family and community health practices: This includes educating families and-
communities about common childhood illnesses, prevention strategies, and how to seek care.
• Key Components:
◦ Assessment: Assess the child for main symptoms, danger signs, and potential feeding-
problems. This includes taking a history, examining the child, and measuring vital signs.
◦ Classification: Classify the illness based on severity and identify treatment actions. This-
involves using IMCI charts to determine the appropriate level of care and treatment.
◦ Treatment: Provide appropriate treatment, including home management, referral, and follow-
-up care. This includes providing medications, counseling families, and ensuring that children-
receive the necessary care.
◦ Essential Package of Child Care Services:
• Full immunization: This protects children from vaccine-preventable diseases, including measles-
, polio, tetanus, and diphtheria.
• Micronutrient supplementation: This helps prevent deficiencies of essential nutrients like iron-
, vitamin A, and zinc, which can lead to various health problems.
• Dental care: This includes regular dental check-ups, fluoride treatments, and oral hygiene-
education.
• Developmental milestone screening: This helps identify developmental delays early on,-
allowing for interventions to support the child's development.
• Psychosocial stimulation: This involves providing opportunities for children to learn, play, and-
interact with others, promoting healthy cognitive and social development.
• Growth monitoring and promotion: This involves regularly monitoring the child's growth and-
providing nutritional counseling to support healthy growth and development.
• Nutritional screening: This helps identify children who are malnourished and need additional-
nutritional support.
• Disability detection: This helps identify children with disabilities early on, allowing for-
interventions to support their needs.
• Management of common childhood illnesses: This includes providing treatment for common-
illnesses like diarrhea, pneumonia, and malaria.
• Counseling on accident prevention and use of safe toys: This helps prevent injuries and-
accidents in children.
• First aid: This provides basic medical care in case of emergencies.
IV. Family Planning
◦ Goals:
• Increase demand and access to modern contraceptive methods: This involves providing-
information and education about family planning, making contraceptives readily available, and-
addressing barriers to access.
• Improve service quality in health facilities: This involves ensuring that healthcare providers-
are trained and equipped to provide high-quality family planning services.
◦ Methods:
• Natural Family Planning:
◦ Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM): This method relies on the temporary infertility-
that occurs during breastfeeding. It is effective when practiced correctly, but it requires careful-
monitoring and adherence.
◦ Fertility Awareness Based (FAB): This method involves observing the natural signs and-
symptoms of the fertile and infertile phases of the menstrual cycle. It requires careful-
monitoring and understanding of the menstrual cycle.
• Artificial Family Planning Methods:
◦ Combined Oral Contraceptives (COCs): These are pills that contain both estrogen and-
progesterone. They are highly effective when taken correctly but can have side effects.
◦ Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo Provera): This is an injectable contraceptive-
that provides long-acting protection. It is highly effective but can cause side effects like irregular-
bleeding and weight gain.
◦ Intrauterine Device (IUD): This is a small device inserted into the uterus to prevent-
pregnancy. It is highly effective and long-lasting but can cause side effects like cramping and-
irregular bleeding.
◦ Barrier methods: These methods physically prevent sperm from reaching the egg. They-
include male condoms, female condoms, spermicides, cervical caps, and diaphragms.
◦ Permanent methods: These methods permanently prevent pregnancy. They include tubal-
ligation (for women) and vasectomy (for men).
◦ Benefits:
• Mothers: Improved health, more time for family and personal advancement, reduced risk of-
complications from pregnancy and childbirth.
• Fathers: More time for family, personal advancement, and supporting the family, reduced financial-
burden.
• Children: Healthy mothers produce healthy children, children receive the care they deserve,-
families can better plan for the number of children they want.
◦ Roles of PHN in FP Program:
• Ensure the availability of FP supplies and logistics: This includes ensuring that health-
facilities have adequate supplies of contraceptives and other materials.
• Provide packages of health services: This includes offering a range of family planning services-
, including counseling, education, and contraceptive provision.
• Provide counseling to acceptors and avoid defaulters: This involves providing information-
and support to clients who choose to use family planning methods and addressing any concerns-
or barriers they may have.
V. Immunization
◦ National Immunization Program (NIP):
• Goal: Provide immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases, protecting children from serious-
illnesses and complications.
• Key Vaccines:
◦ BCG: Protects against tuberculosis.
◦ HepB: Protects against hepatitis B, a serious liver infection.
◦ OPV/IPV: Protects against polio, a potentially disabling disease.
◦ PCV: Protects against pneumococcal disease, a common cause of pneumonia and other-
infections.
◦ Rotavirus Vaccine: Protects against rotavirus, a common cause of diarrhea.
◦ Pentavalent Vaccine (DPT-HepB-Hib): Protects against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping-
cough), tetanus, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection.
◦ Td Vaccine (Tetanus-Diptheria): Protects against tetanus and diphtheria.
◦ MR (Measles, Rubella): Protects against measles and rubella, two highly contagious-
diseases.
◦ MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella): Protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.
◦ JE Vaccine (Japanese Encephalitis): Protects against Japanese encephalitis, a viral-
infection of the brain.
◦
HPV Vaccine (Human Papilloma Virus): Protects against human papillomavirus (HPV), a-
common sexually transmitted infection that can cause cervical cancer.
◦ PPV (Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine): Protects against pneumococcal disease in-
adults.
◦ Influenza Vaccine: Protects against influenza, a common respiratory infection.
• Cold Chain: Maintaining the proper temperature for vaccine storage and transport is essential to-
ensure the effectiveness of vaccines. This involves using specialized equipment like refrigerators-
, freezers, and vaccine carriers.
• Categories of Immunized Children:
◦ FIC (Fully Immunized Child): A child who has received all recommended vaccines by 12-
months of age.
◦ CIC (Completely Immunized Child): A child who has received all recommended vaccines-
by 23 months of age.
VI. Environmental Health
◦ Key Areas:
• Water Sanitation: Ensuring access to safe and clean drinking water is crucial for preventing-
waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid, and diarrhea. This involves promoting proper water-
sources, treating water for contaminants, and educating communities about safe water practices.
• Excreta Disposal: Implementing proper sewage disposal systems and toilet facilities helps-
prevent the spread of fecal-oral diseases like cholera and typhoid fever. This involves promoting-
sanitation practices, constructing proper toilets, and managing sewage effectively.
• Refuse and Garbage Management: Proper collection, storage, and disposal of solid waste-
is essential for preventing the spread of diseases and protecting the environment. This involves-
promoting waste segregation, ensuring proper waste collection and disposal, and managing-
landfills effectively.
• Food Sanitation: Maintaining hygiene in food preparation, storage, and handling helps prevent-
foodborne illnesses like salmonellosis and E. coli infections. This involves promoting food safety-
practices, ensuring proper food storage, and educating communities about food hygiene.
• Insect Vector/Rodent Control: Measures to prevent and control the spread of diseases through-
insects and rodents are crucial for preventing diseases like dengue, malaria, and plague. This-
involves promoting vector control measures, using insecticide-treated nets, and managing rodent-
populations.
• Housing: Ensuring adequate housing conditions, including access to clean water, sanitation,-
and ventilation, helps promote health and prevent disease. This involves promoting safe housing-
practices, improving housing conditions, and addressing overcrowding.
• Air Pollution: Controlling air pollution, which can cause respiratory problems and other health-
issues, is essential for protecting public health. This involves promoting clean energy sources,-
reducing vehicle emissions, and controlling industrial pollution.
•
Noise Pollution: Reducing noise pollution, which can cause hearing loss, stress, and sleep-
disturbances, is important for protecting public health. This involves promoting noise control-
measures, reducing traffic noise, and regulating industrial noise.
• Radiological Protection: Protecting individuals from exposure to harmful radiation is crucial for-
preventing cancer and other health problems. This involves promoting safe handling of radioactive-
materials, ensuring proper radiation safety procedures, and regulating the use of radiation sources.
• Stream Pollution: Preventing and controlling pollution of water bodies is essential for protecting-
aquatic life and human health. This involves promoting sustainable water management practices,-
reducing industrial pollution, and managing agricultural runoff.
VII. Essential Health Packages
◦ For Newborn, Infant, and Child:
• NB resuscitation: This involves providing immediate care to newborns who are not breathing or-
have difficulty breathing.
• NB routine eye prophylaxis: This involves applying eye drops to prevent ophthalmia-
neonatorum.
• Prevention and management of hypothermia: This involves keeping newborns warm to-
prevent hypothermia, a potentially dangerous condition.
• NB Screening: This involves testing newborns for certain genetic disorders.
• Immediate and exclusive breastfeeding: This is essential for providing newborns with the-
nutrients and antibodies they need.
• Complementary feeding (6 months): This involves introducing solid foods to babies after 6-
months of age.
• Birth registration: This is important for ensuring that all newborns are registered and have-
access to healthcare and other services.
• Birth weight and growth monitoring: This helps track the baby's growth and identify any-
potential problems.
◦ For Adolescents (10-24 years old):
• Full immunization: This protects adolescents from vaccine-preventable diseases.
• Micronutrient supplementation: This helps prevent deficiencies of essential nutrients.
• Dental care: This includes regular dental check-ups, fluoride treatments, and oral hygiene-
education.
• Developmental milestone screening: This helps identify developmental delays.
• Psychosocial stimulation: This involves providing opportunities for adolescents to learn, play,-
and interact with others.
• Growth monitoring and promotion: This involves regularly monitoring the adolescent's growth-
and providing nutritional counseling.
• Nutritional screening: This helps identify adolescents who are malnourished.
• Disability detection: This helps identify adolescents with disabilities.
• Management of common childhood illnesses: This includes providing treatment for common-
illnesses like diarrhea, pneumonia, and malaria.
• Counseling on accident prevention and use of safe toys: This helps prevent injuries and-
accidents.
• First aid: This provides basic medical care in case of emergencies.
◦ For Adults (Male and Female):
• Management of illness: This includes providing treatment for common illnesses and chronic-
diseases.
• Counseling on substance abuse: This involves providing support and resources to individuals-
struggling with substance abuse.
• Nutrition and diet counseling: This involves providing guidance on healthy eating habits.
• Mental health: This includes providing support and treatment for mental health conditions.
• Family Planning and responsible sexual behavior: This involves providing information and-
counseling on family planning and safe sex practices.
• Dental care: This includes regular dental check-ups, fluoride treatments, and oral hygiene-
education.
• Screening and management of lifestyle-related and other degenerative diseases: This-
includes screening for and managing conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.
◦ For Older Persons (60 years and above):
• Management of illness: This includes providing treatment for common illnesses and chronic-
diseases.
• Counseling on substance abuse: This involves providing support and resources to older adults-
struggling with substance abuse.
• Nutrition and diet counseling: This involves providing guidance on healthy eating habits.
• Mental health: This includes providing support and treatment for mental health conditions.
• Dental care: This includes regular dental check-ups, fluoride treatments, and oral hygiene-
education.
• Screening and management of lifestyle-related diseases: This includes screening for and-
managing conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.
• Screening and management of chronic debilitating and infectious diseases: This includes-
screening for and managing conditions like arthritis, osteoporosis, and pneumonia.
•
Post-productive care: This involves providing support and services to older adults who are no-
longer working.
VIII. Sentrong Sigla Movement (SSM)
◦ AIMS:
• Promote availability of quality health services in health centers and hospitals: This-
involves improving the quality of healthcare services and ensuring that they are accessible to all.
◦ GUIDING PRINCIPLES:
• Recognition for achieving good quality: This involves recognizing and rewarding healthcare-
facilities that provide high-quality services.
• Quality improvement as an unending process: This involves continuously improving the-
quality of healthcare services.
• Focus on core public health programs: This involves prioritizing programs that have the-
greatest impact on public health.
• Quality improvement in partnership: This involves working with stakeholders, including-
communities, healthcare providers, and government agencies, to improve the quality of healthcare-
services.
◦ Scope and Structure of SS Quality Standards:
• Level 1: This level focuses on basic standards for integrated public health programs, basic curative-
services, and facility and system standards.
• **Level
Cici：
Notes on "vid2-output_compressed (1).pdf" (-
Continued)
VIII. Sentrong Sigla Movement (SSM) (Continued)
◦ Scope and Structure of SS Quality Standards: (Continued)
• Level 2: This level focuses on specialty achievement awards and local health system development.
• Level 3: This level focuses on award for excellence, recognizing facilities that have achieved the-
highest level of quality standards for three consecutive years.
IX. Newborn Screening (NBS)
◦ Goal: Identify newborns with certain genetic disorders early on, allowing for timely interventions and-
improving outcomes.
◦ Key Disorders Screened:
• Congenital hypothyroidism: A condition affecting the thyroid gland, which can lead to-
developmental delays if untreated.
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A condition affecting the adrenal glands, which can lead to-
various health problems if untreated.
• Phenylketonuria (PKU): A metabolic disorder that can cause severe intellectual disability if-
untreated.
• Galactosemia: A metabolic disorder that can cause liver damage and other health problems if-
untreated.
• Maple syrup urine disease: A metabolic disorder that can cause brain damage and other health-
problems if untreated.
• G6PD deficiency: A genetic disorder that can cause hemolytic anemia, a condition where red-
blood cells are destroyed prematurely.
◦ Process:
• A simple blood test is performed on newborns shortly after birth.
• The sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis.
• If the results are positive, the baby is referred for further evaluation and treatment.
◦ Importance: Early detection and treatment of these disorders can prevent serious health problems-
and improve the child's long-term health and development.
X. Relevant Laws and Policies
◦ RA 9288 (Newborn Screening Act of 2004): This law mandates newborn screening for certain-
genetic disorders in the Philippines.
◦ PD 996 (Compulsory Immunization of All Children Below 8 Years Old): This law mandates the-
immunization of all children below 8 years old against seven immunizable diseases: tuberculosis,-
poliomyelitis, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, measles, and hepatitis B.
◦ RA 10152 (Mandatory Infants and Children Health Immunization Act of 2011): This law-
mandates the immunization of all infants and children against 14 vaccine-preventable diseases,-
including those listed in PD 996, as well as mumps, rubella, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and-
Japanese encephalitis.
◦ Milk Code (EO # 51): This law promotes breastfeeding and regulates the marketing of breast milk-
substitutes.
◦ RA 9275 (Clean Water Act of 2004): This law aims to protect and preserve the country's water-
resources.
◦
RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000): This law promotes proper waste-
management and disposal.
◦ RA 8749 (Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999): This law aims to protect and improve the quality of the-
country's air.
◦ RA 6969 (Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990): This law-
regulates the handling and disposal of toxic substances and hazardous waste.
Overall:
This document provides a comprehensive overview of various public health programs in the-
Philippines, highlighting their goals, strategies, and implementation guidelines. It serves as a-
valuable resource for healthcare workers, promoting a holistic approach to public health and-
contributing to the improvement of health outcomes for the population. It is essential for-
healthcare workers to be familiar with these programs and their implementation to effectively-
deliver quality healthcare services and promote health and well-being in the community.
