MCR3U Name: ______________________

Chapter 4: Exponential Functions

Date Lesson and Skill Covered Practice Questions

Lesson 4.1 Working with Exponents Pg 221 Q 1 - 9 (every other)

● Simplify and evaluate integer exponents 10*, 13, 14, (every other)
● Write fractional exponents as radicals 16 – 18 (every other)
● Write radicals in exponential form
● Simplify and evaluate rational exponents Pg 229 Q 1 – 7 (every other)
8, 9, 10*, 11,
12 (every other)
13, 14 (every other)
15 – 18*

Lesson 4.2 Simplifying Expressions Pg 235 Q 1, 2 (every other)

● Simplify algebraic expressions 3, 4 – 6 (every other),
● Word Problems 9(every other), 11

Lesson 4.3 Solving Equations Lesson package

● Solving equations by having same base
● Solving equations using logs.

Mid-Unit Summative Quiz (Lessons 4.1 – 4.3)

- Complete outstanding HW
- Page. 239 Q. 1 – 12 and Page 267 Q 2 – 8

Lesson 4.4 Growth and Decay Pg 216 Q 2

● Recognize Exponential Growth vs. Decay in a situation Pg 243 Q 1, 2
● Uses first differences to determine if a situation is exponential

Lesson 4.5 Graphs of Exponential Functions Graph the following. Label

● Graph exponential functions in the form 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 all key features.
● Identify their key features 1 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 5 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = ( )
5

Lesson 4.6 Transformations of Exponential Graphs Pg 251 Q 1- 5, 9, 11*- 14*

● Identify transformations given equations in the form
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏𝑘(𝑥−𝑑) + 𝑐
● Identify how key features changes (equation of asymptote, y -
intercept)
● Graph transformed functions by mapping points

Lesson 4.7 Application of Exponential Functions Pg 261 Q 1 - 16

● Determine whether a situation is growth or decay and create
an equation and solve

Unit Review Unit Review Page 267

Q. 2 – 8, 11 – 17
Chapter Test Pg 270
Review Package Given

Unit Test (Lessons 4.1 – 4.7)

MCR3U Name: ______________________

Lesson 4.1 Working With Exponents

Lesson Goal:

Part A: Integer Exponents

A power is a product of identical factors and consists of two parts: a base and an exponent.
For example: 35
The base is the identical factor, and the exponent tells us how many factors there are.

Product rule Quotient rule Power rule

𝑥 𝑎 × 𝑥 𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎+𝑏 𝑥𝑎
𝑥 𝑎 ÷ 𝑥 𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎−𝑏 OR = 𝑥 𝑎−𝑏 (𝑥 𝑎 )𝑏 = 𝑥 𝑎×𝑏
𝑥𝑏

Example 1: Simplify the following. Express your answer as a single power.

(a) 𝑘 3 ∙ 𝑘 5 (c) (𝑏 3 )6 (e) (2𝑥 3 𝑦 4 )3

(b)
𝑥7 (d) (3𝑏 3 )6 (f) (𝑓)4 (𝑓)3
𝑥4

Example 2: Re-write the following, then evaluate, where possible

a) 3−2 b) (−2)−4 c)
1
52

Note: When we simplify expressions involving exponents, the goal is to have the final answer
presented with positive exponents.
MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Example 3: Rewrite as a positive exponent, then evaluate.

a) 5−3 b) (−4)−2 c) −3−4

2 −3 35 × 3−2 1 −2 3−2
d) (3) e) (3−3 )2
f) (4) − 4

Example 4: Simplify the following. Express your answer as a single power, with positive exponents.
1 3 1 2 (b) 87 ÷ 85 (c) (4−2 )−1
(a) (2) × (2)

104 (45 )(4−2 ) 4

(d) (e) 2 3
107 4−3 (f) [(3) ]

9 −2 4𝑎3
−3
𝑥 −2
−5
(g) (4) (h) (3𝑏2 ) (i) ( )
𝑦 −1

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

(j) (−3𝑥 5 𝑦 4 )2 (k) −4(𝑚5 𝑛2 )3 (l) (−2𝑥 3 𝑦𝑧 −1 )−4

Example 5: Evaluate each expression for 𝑥 = −2, 𝑦 = 3, and 𝑛 = −1. Textbook (p. 222 #11)
a) (𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑦 𝑛 )−2𝑛 b) (𝑥 2 )𝑛 (𝑦 −2𝑛 )𝑥 −𝑛

𝑥𝑛 𝑛 𝑥𝑦 𝑛 2𝑛
c) (𝑦 𝑛) d) ((𝑥𝑦)2𝑛)

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Part B: Rational Exponents

Investigation: The volume of a cube is 𝑉(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 and the area of the base is 𝐴(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
Express the side length 𝑥 as a power of A and V.

More Exponent Laws

Example 1: Express the following in radical notation. Then evaluate, without using a calculator.

a) b) c)

d) e) f)

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Example 2: Express the following in exponential notation. Then evaluate, without using a
calculator.
5 1 2
a) √32 b) ( 3 )
√64

Example 3: Express the following with a rational exponent.

a) b)

Example 4: Simplify then evaluate. No calculator.

5
86 √8
c) d) 5
83

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Example 5:
1
a) Determine the values for 𝑥 that would make (−2)𝑥 undefined.

1
b) Determine the values for 𝑥 that would make −2𝑥 undefined.

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Lesson 4.2 Simplifying Exponential Expressions

Lesson Goal:

Example 1: Simplify the following. Final answers should contain only positive exponents.

a) b) c)

d) e) f)

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Example 2:
The ratio of the surface area to the volume of microorganisms affects their ability to survive. An
organism with a higher ratio is more buoyant and uses less of its own energy to remain near the
surface of a liquid, where food is more plentiful. If we assume that the microorganisms are
spherical, then we can use the following formulas.

a) Determine a simplified expressions for the ratio of surface area to volume.

b) Determine the ratio for an organism with a radius of 3 micrometers.

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Lesson 4.3 Solving Exponential Equations

Lesson Goal:

Recap: Changing the Base

a) Rewrite the following with a base of 2. b) Rewrite the following with a base of 5.
−2 12×52
16 300

Part A: Solving Exponential Equations with the same base

Example 1: Rewrite both sides of the equation with the same base to solve.

a) b)

c)

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Part B: Solving Exponential Equations that cannot be written with the same base
Logarithms:

Example 2: Use logarithms to solve for x in each of the following. Round to two decimal places.
a) b)

c) d)

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Practice: Solve each of the following by written each term with same bases

a) b)

c) d)

e) f)

g)

Answers:
a) x=8 b) x=1 c) x=14/3 d) x=4 e) no solution f) x=-4 g) x=4

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Practice: Solve each of the following using logarithms. Round answers to 2dp where needed.
a) 3𝑥 = 32 b) 5𝑥 + 14 = 66

c) −157 = (10)𝑥 − 200 d) 10 = 10𝑥

e) 45𝑥 = 0 f) 45𝑥 = 1

g) h)

i) 6 = 2(3)4(𝑥−2) + 5 j) 5 = 2(3)2𝑥 + 15

3
k) 8𝑥−1 = √16

Answers: a) x=3.15 b) x=2.46 c) x=1.63 d) x=1 e) dne f) x=0 g) x= -⅓ h) x=5.69

i) x=1.84 j) dne k) x=1.44

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Lesson 4.4: Exploring Growth and Decay

Lesson Goal:

Investigation: ZOMBIE APOCALYPSE! The undead is taking over Toronto! At 0 minutes

there is one zombie, but every minute after the zombie population grows. The first
zombie infects another human so at 1 minute there are two zombies. Then at 2
minutes the two zombies each infect another human so we have four zombies…
and so on!
a) After 10 minutes how many zombies are in the city?
b) Graph the relationship between zombies and time on the grid provided. Label
your axes.

Minutes Number of Zombies

c) Determine an equation for the graph to the right.

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Example 1: Exponential vs. Linear

Nestlé is a multi-national company with billions of dollars in sales revenue annually. One of its
candy products, Smarties, is produced in eight colours (red, orange, blue, green, yellow, pink,
violet, and brown) and several package sizes.

a) Suppose you were to empty the largest pack on a table, and eat ten of the Smarties, and then
you ate another 10 Smarties, and then another 10, etc. If eating 10 Smarties represent one
round, how many Smarties remain after 30 rounds? Assume there are 800 Smarties in the
largest pack.

b) Determine a function equation for part (a). The independent variable is the number of
rounds, n, and the dependent variable is the number of Smarties remaining, S.

c) Alternatively, if you were to follow a similar process but eat one-tenth of the remaining
Smarties each time, how many Smarties would remain after 30 rounds? Making a graph or a
table of values showing the remaining number of Smarties each time, would be helpful. Also,
for purposes of this exercise assume that we can eat only part of a Smartie.

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

d) Determine a function equation for part (c). The independent variable is the number of
rounds, n, and the dependent variable is the number of Smarties remaining, S.

e) Which approach eating 10 or eating one-tenth resulted in fewer Smarties after 30 rounds?
Why?

e) Suppose instead, you started with 2187 Smarties and ate 8 at a time. How many would
remain after 20 rounds?

f) What if you started with 2187 and ate one-eighth of the remaining Smarties each time. How
many would remain after the 20 rounds?

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Lesson 4.5 Exploring Properties of Exponential Functions

Lesson Goal:

Example 1: Graphing
1 𝑥
a) Using a table of values graph the two exponential functions: 𝑦 = 2𝑥 and 𝑦 = (2)

𝑥 𝑦 = 2𝑥

-3

-2

-1

𝑥 1 𝑥
𝑦=( )
2
-3

-2

-1

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

1 𝑥
b) Using a table of values graph the two exponential functions: 𝑦 = 3𝑥 and 𝑦 = (3)

𝑥 𝑦 = 3𝑥

-3

-2

-1

𝑥 1 𝑥
𝑦=( )
3
-3

-2

-1

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Key Features of Exponential Graphs

𝒚 = 𝒃𝒙 b>1 0<b<1

Sketch

Domain

Range

Zeros

y-int

Eq’n of
HA

Intervals
of
increase

Intervals
of
decreas
e

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Example 3: Recognizing Exponential Functions

Linear Quadratic Exponential

Equation

Graph

Table of
Values

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Lesson 4.6 Transformations of Exponential Functions

Lesson Goal:

What do we know about the graphs of exponential functions?

An exponential function in the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑏 𝑘(𝑥−𝑑) + 𝑐 has…

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Example 1: Consider the exponential function ℎ(𝑥) = 3−0.5(𝑥−2) + 4

a) Write down the parent function
b) Describe the transformations which occurred to the parent function.
c) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote
d) Write down the domain and range of the function
e) Determine the y-int of ℎ(𝑥).
f) Graph ℎ(𝑥) by creating two tables of values, one for the parent function and one for the
transformed function.

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Example 2: Consider the exponential function 𝑓(𝑥) = −20.25(𝑥−1) + 20

g) Write down the parent function
h) Describe the transformations which occurred to the parent function.
i) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote
j) Write down the domain and range of the function
k) Determine the y-int of 𝑓(𝑥).
l) Graph 𝑓(𝑥) by creating two tables of values, one for the parent function and one for the
transformed function.

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Example 3: For the following equation 𝑔(𝑥) = 53𝑥+6 , state the y-intercept, the equation of the
asymptote and the domain and range.

Example 4: Each of the graphs below represents a transformation of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥
Determine an equation for each transformed function.

a)

b)

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Example 5: An exponential function with a base of 2 has been stretched vertically by a factor of
1.5 and reflected in the y-axis. Its asymptote is the line 𝑦 = 3.
a) Write an equation of the function
b) State its domain and range.

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Lesson 4.7 Applications of Exponential Functions

Lesson Goal:

Example 1: Fill in the table.

Exponential Growth or Decay? Initial Value Rate of

Growth/Decay

𝑦 = 2(1.3)𝑥

𝑃 = (0.75)𝑡

2 𝑡
𝑀 = 500 ( )
5

Example 2: In each case, write an equation that models the situation described.
i) The value of an antique book worth $65 now and increases in value by 1.5% per year

ii) The percent of colour left from red hair dye if 2.5% of the colour fades each day after
colouring.

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Example 3: A group of bacteria grows by 80% each hour. At 12 p.m. on Wednesday, there are
600 bacteria present.
a) Write an equation that models the growth of the group of bacteria given the number of
hours after 12 p.m. on Wednesday.

b) How many bacteria will there be at 12 p.m. on Thursday?

Example 4: The regional municipality of Wood Buffalo, Alberta, has experienced a large
population increase in recent years due to the discovery of one of the world’s largest oil
deposits. Its population, 35 000 in 2018, has grown at an annual rate of 8%.
i) Write an equation that models the population growth.

ii) How long will it take the population to double at this growth rate?

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MCR3U Name: ____________________________________

Example 5: Marty purchased a used car (her name is Lucy!) for $16 000. Each year Lucy loses
20% of her value. This is called depreciation. Determine the value of Lucy after 18 months.

Example 6: A 200g sample of radioactive polonium-210 has a half-life of 138 days.

i) Determine an equation to represent the mass of polonium , in grams, that
remains after t days.

ii) Determine the mass after 5 years.

iii) How long does it take for the 200g sample to decay to 110 grams?

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