MAKALAH BAHASA INGGRIS

“Reported Speech”

Course Instructor : Yani Lubis, S.Ag., M.Hum.

Compiled by group 4:
Luthfi Tammam (0302241001)
Martha Kanaya Fisabilillah (0302241001)
Tria Wulandari (0302213115)
Fitri Handayani Harahap (0302241015)
Sari Annisa Siregar (0302211007)

ARABIC LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGAM FACULTY OF TARBIAH AND

TEACHING TRAINING STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY NORTH SUMATRA

2024
 PREFACE

Frist at all, give thanks for Allah swt love and grace for us.Thanks to god for helping me and
give me change to finish this assighment timely. And I would like to say thank you to Mr.Yani
Lubis M.Hum as the lecturer that always teach us give much knowledge about how to practice
English well.This assignment is the one of English task that composed of practical English usage
English as second language. I realized this assignment is not perfect. But I hope it can be useful
for us. Critics and suggestions is needed here to make this assignment be better.Hopefully we as
a student in “ UIN SUMATRA UTARA” can work more professional

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 CONTENT

PREFACE.........................................................................................................................................i
CHAPTER I...................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................1
A. Background...........................................................................................................................1
B. Problem Formulation............................................................................................................1
C. Destination............................................................................................................................1
DISCUSSION.................................................................................................................................2
A. Looking at Language............................................................................................................2
B. Reported Speech Related by Verb and Related by Adverb..................................................3
C. From Other Resources..........................................................................................................4
D. Reporting Questions.............................................................................................................5
The Text...........................................................................................................................................7
BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................................9

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background

English language is international language. If we learn English well, so we can

get communication with other people in other country in this world. Beside that, we also
get more knowledge which is useful for our country’s advancement, because we can read
the literature of English, listen the other country’s streaming radio, and watch the movie.
With all of that, finally we have the ability in all of sector.
Reported speech is part of learning the English language and should know how to
use is in the language. in this paper the authors will provide knowledge about the
Reported Speech.

B. Problem Formulation

1. What is Reported Speech ?

2. How to use say, tell and ask in Reported Speech ?
3. What is the function of Reported Speech ?

C. Destination

In the manufacture of this paper aims to find out more knowledge about reported
speech : say, tell and ask.

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Looking at Language
Reported speech included about say, tell and ask.
Direct and reported speech
When we want to report someone exact word, we use direct speech:
She said, I’m afraid I don’t know him, I’ve never met him before.
When we want to report the general meaning of what someone said, we use reported speech:
She said she didn’t know him.

Time and tense

We often move the tense of a verb one step back in reported speech because the original
words happened before the reported speech.

Original words Reported speech

I’m sorry. I can’t do that She said she couldn’t
Present tense Past tense
S+V1s,es+O S+V2+O
Here are some possible tense changes.

Original words Reported speech

Present simple / present continuous : Past simple / past continuous :
S+V1s,es+O / S+TO BE+VING+O S+V2+O / S+WAS,WERE+VING+O
I’m going to the supermarket to buy food for She said she was going to the supermarket to
the party. buy food for the party.
Past simple / past continuous : Past perfect simple / past perfect continuous :
S+V2+O / S+WAS,WERE+VING+O S+HAD V3+O / S+HAD+BEEN+VING+O
He went in to work late yesterday. She told me he’d gone into work late
yesterday.
Present perfect simple / continuous : Past perfect simple /past perfect continuous :
S+HAVE/HAS+V3+O / S+HAVE/HAS S+HAD+ V3+O / S+HAD+BEEN+VING+O
BEEN+VING+O She said she had had a really bad cold.
I’ve had a terrible cold but I’m better now.
Past perfect simple / continuous : Past perfect simple / continuous :
S+HAD V3+O / S+HAD+BEEN+VING+O S+HAD V3+O / S+HAD+BEEN+VING+O
I’d been having loads of trouble with my She told me she’d been having trouble with
washing machine so I finally got the plumber her washing machine but she’s had it fixed
in yesterday. now.

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 Modal in present Modal in past
Will : Would :
My mother will look after her plants until she She told me her mother would look after her
gets back. plants until she gets back.
Be going to + verb : Was / were going to + verb :
They’re going to have a big celebration. She said they were going to have a big party.

Often we don’t need to change the tense because:

 What we’re reporting is still true :

They said that it’s going to be very hot tomorrow.
 The reporting verb is in the present :
She says she’s going to be late
 The original words were in the past simple or past continuous :
I love him  She said that she loved him

B. Reported Speech Related by Verb and Related by Adverb

1. Related by verb
a. Linking Verb
Linking verb are verb that connect the subject with an adjective or noun that
describe it. Linking verb do not show the action. They connect the subject of the
verb to more information about the subject.
The example of it :
Is Has Do Appear Remain
Am Have Does Become Seem
Are Had Did Get
Was/were Be Been Look

The example in sentence :

 She said they were going to have a big party.
 She said she had bought a car.

b. Helping Verb
Just as the name implies, helping verb sometime called auxiliary verb, help out.
The main verb in a sentence.

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 Helping verbs help explain the sometimes complicated nuances of meaning. For
example, they can show expectation, probability, obligation, potential, and
direction. Though this may sound complicated, it’s really not. The example to
follow will make things more clear.

The example of it :
Can Could Must Has Was Need
Will Would Might Have Were Used to
Shall Should May Had Ought to Dare

 The example in sentence : She said she should call her mother.
2. It related by adverb
a. It refers to Verb :

Original words Reported speech

I study English hardly. She said she studied English hardly.

b. It refers to Adjective :

Original words Reported speech

I bought a new book last week. He said he had bought a new book
last week.

c. It refers to Other adverb :

Original words Reported speech

 I will go to London next year.  She said she would go to
London next year.
 He runs very quickly.  He said he run very quickly.

C. From Other Resources

The Definition

Reported Speech (also called Indirect Speech) is used to communicate what

someone else said, but without using the exact words. A few changes are necessary;
often a pronoun has to be changed and the verb is usually moved back a tense, where
possible.

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 Say and tell are the two verbs most commonly used to report statements in
English. We can use either say or tell to do this.

she told me… / she said…

The main difference is that when we use told, we normally say who is spoken
to, so we have to use it with a direct personal object. When we use say, we don’t
normally indicate who is spoken to, or, if we do, we must put to before the object.
Compare the following:

Example :
 He told me that he was going into hospital for a major operation.

 He said that he expected to be kept in for about six weeks.

Note that when we are quoting direct speech, say is the more commonly used
verb as say refers to any kind of speech. Tell is used only with the meaning of instruct or
inform. Compare the following:

Example :
 “You don’t look too happy,” I said.
 “I get really stressed at work,” she said.
 “Eat properly, exercise regularly and get eight hours’ sleep each night,” I told
her

told + object + infinitive

We can also use the object + infinitive pattern with told and other verbs
suggesting commands or orders. We cannot use said in this way.

Example : I told her to get a taxi from the station and not to walk.

told + object + about

Note that if we are reporting the topic and not what was actually said, we use this
construction. Again, it is not possible with said.

Example :
 They told me all about their holiday in Greece..

D. Reporting Questions

Note that we do not use say or tell to report questions. Instead we must use ask
with if or whether to report yes/no questions and with the question word for all other

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 types of questions. We normally, but not always, use ask with a direct personal object
when reporting questions in this way.

Example :

 She asked me if I was going to Dee’s party.

 I asked her whether Joan would be coming.

asked + object + to / about

Like told, we can use asked with to + infinitive or about + topic.

Example :
 I asked them to turn down the volume on the CD player as I couldn’t
concentrate on what I was reading. They asked me to move to another room.
 I asked them about the holidays they had enjoyed in Greece and Portugal.

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mardiana, Dien. 2014. English II. Tangerang Selatan: Universitas Pamulang.

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http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/say-and-tell.html (being accessed on Saturday, 02th of
May 2015 at 12.00 P.M)

http://www.eslbase.com/grammar/say-tell ((being accessed on Saturday, 02th of May 2015 at

14.00 P.M)

http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/grammar-videos/reported-speech
(being accessed on Saturday, 02th of May 2015 at 17.00 P.M)http://www.perfect-english-
grammar.com/reported-speech.html (being accessed on Saturday, 02th of May 2015 at 17.30
P.M)

http://www.eslbase.com/grammar/reported-speech (being accessed on Saturday, 02th of May

2015 at 18.00 P.M)